Deer Park Lake Report

2016
Ozone Research and Applications (India) Pvt. Ltd., Nagpur
[REJUVENATION OF HAUZ
KHAS TANK ]
This report focuses on the current scenario of the Hauz Khas Tank and aims to propose an action
plan for its rejuvenation as an aesthetically pleasing heritage site it was ages ago.

Rejuvenation of Hauz Khas Tank
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to Engineers India Limited for bestowing us with the
opportunity of drafting this report. The task would not have been possible
without their guidance and technical expertise. We would especially like to
thank Mr. Ashwani Soni (Director-Projects) and Mr. Sanjoy
Mukherjee (General Manager-Infrastructure) for giving us the
motivation in preparing this report. We would also like to thank the local
authorities at Hauz Khas who provided us with a lot of ground details. We
are thankful to AES Laboratories, New Delhi for conducting the tests as
per the standard norms. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of
all those who have contributed to this report in some way or the other.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report makes an effort to look into the current state of Hauz Khas
Tank at Deer Park, Delhi and aims to propose an action plan for the
rejuvenation of this historical site. Chapter 2 briefly describes the impact
of urbanization on lakes and the effects and causes of subsequent
eutrophication. Chapter 3 focuses on the location, current state of the
Hauz Khas Tank, initial observation about the water body and source of
tank water. Chapter 4 deals with the basic design of the tank,
meteorological data and the water quality analysis of the tank. Chapter 5
aims at proposing an appropriate methodology to rejuvenate the Hauz
Khas Tank with design concept and proposal. Chapter 6 gives a rough
estimation about the Capital Investment required to implement the
proposed plan. Chapter 7 summarizes the report. Chapter 8 mentions the
references used in drafting the report. Chapter 9 is an appendix
comprising of the Lake Water analysis carried out by AES Laboratories,
New Delhi.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Acknowledgement 1
Executive Summary 2
1. Introduction 6
1.1. Origin of The Report 6
1.2. Purpose 6
1.3. Sources and Methods of Collecting Data 6
2. Impact of Urbanization and Eutrophication on Lakes 7
2.1. Effect of Urbanization on Hydrology 7
2.2. Eutrophication 8
2.2.1. Eutrophication- Causes 9
2.2.2. Eutrophication- Effect on ecology, aesthetics and
human health 10
3. Hauz Khas Tank- Existing Scenario 13
3.1. Location and Brief History 13
3.2. Tank Source and Restoration 16
3.3. Hauz Khas Tank- Today 20
4. Basic Design Data of Hauz Khas 22
4.1. Introduction 22
4.2. Meteorological Data 22
4.3. Water Quality Analysis Report 23
4.4. ORAIPL’s Take on the Analysis 24

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5. Design Concept and Proposal 26
5.1. Background 26
5.1.1. Design Basis 26
5.1.2. Desired Product Water Quality 26
5.2. Design Concept and Strategy Proposed 27
6. Capital Investment for the Proposed Plan 31
7. Conclusion 33
8. References 33
9. Appendix- AES Lab Report 34

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Origin of the Report
This report has been compiled and prepared by Ozone Research and Applications (India)
Pvt. Ltd, Nagpur. This report analyzed the existing scenario of the historical Hauz Khas
Tank at Deer Park, New Delhi and aimed to propose a treatment methodology to
rejuvenate and sustain the heritage value of Hauz Khas.
1.2. Purpose
The historic Hauz Khas Tank has been a prime tourist spot since ages but has recently
lost its aesthetic value to the eutrophication of the lake leading to algal bloom, color,
smell and water treatment problems. An urgent need was felt to address the issue and
take immediate action for the revival of this historical place as the water quality seems
to be deteriorating by every passing hour.
1.3. Sources and Methods of Collecting Data
The primary source of collecting information was the internet, site visit and water
analysis under the esteemed guidance of the workforce at Engineers India Limited, New
Delhi and also Mr. Vishal Waindeskar, Director, ORAIPL.

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2. IMPACT OF URBANIZATION
AND EUTROPHICATION ON
LAKES
2.1. Effect of Urbanization on Hydrology
Humanity is increasingly urban, but continues to depend on Nature for its survival. Cities
are dependent on the ecosystems beyond the city limits, but also benefit from internal
urban ecosystems. The numerous effects of urbanization on hydrology, geomorphology,
and ecology make wetlands in urban regions function differently from wetlands in non-
urban lands. Furthermore, wetlands in urban regions may take on human-related values
that they lack in nonurban areas, as they provide some contact with nature, and some
opportunities for recreations that are otherwise rare in the urban landscape. Natural
water bodies tend to get absorbed in urban expansion and their catchment is disturbed
as a result of development. In Delhi in the Yamuna floodplain, the once river fed water
bodies are disconnected from the river because of embankments.
The biodiversity of lake and pond ecosystems is currently threatened by a number of
human disturbances, of which the most important include increased nutrient load,
contamination, acidification, and invasion of exotic species (Bronmark & Hansson, 2002).

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Hydrologic change is the most visible impact of urbanization. Hydrology concerns the
quality, duration, rates, frequency and other properties of water flow. Urbanization
typically increases runoff peak flows and total flow volumes and damages water quality
and aesthetics. Pollutants reach wetlands mainly through runoff. Urbanized watersheds
generate large amounts of pollutants, including eroded soil from construction sites, toxic
metals and petroleum from roadways, industrial and commercial areas, and nutrients
and bacteria from residential areas. By volume, sediment is the most important non-
point pollutant. At the same time that urbanization produces large quantities of
pollutants, it reduces water infiltration capacity, yielding more surface runoff. Pollutants
from urban land uses are, therefore, more vulnerable to transport by surface runoff than
pollutants from other land uses. The urbanization effects on wetland hydrology are:-
• Decreased surface storage of storm water which results in increased surface
runoff
• Increased storm water discharge relative to base flow discharge which results in
increased erosive force within stream channels, which in turn results in increased
sediment input to recipient waters ‚
• Changes in water quality (increased turbidity, increased nutrients, metals, organic
pollutants, decreased O2 etc.)
• Decreased groundwater recharge which results in decreased groundwater flow,
which reduces base flow and may eliminate dry season flow
• Increased floodwater frequency and magnitude result in, or scour of wetland
surface, physical disturbance of vegetation
• Increase in range of flow rates (low flows are diminished high flows are
augmented) may deprive wetlands of water during dry weather
2.2. Eutrophication
“Eutrophication is an accelerated growth of algae on higher forms of plant life caused by
the enrichment of water by nutrients, especially compounds of nitrogen and/or
phosphorus and inducing an undesirable disturbance to the balance of organisms present
in the water and to the quality of the water concerned”.

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2.2.1 Eutrophication – Causes
The mechanisms that lead to eutrophication, i.e. to this new status of the aquatic
environment, are complex and interlinked. The enrichment of water by nutrients can be
of natural origin but it is often dramatically increased by human activities. This occurs
almost everywhere in the world. There are three main sources of anthropic nutrient
input: runoff, erosion and leaching from fertilized agricultural areas, and sewage from
cities and industrial wastewater. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (from animal
breeding and combustion gases) can also be important. According to the European
Environment Agency, “the main source of nitrogen pollutants is run-off from agricultural
land, whereas most phosphorus pollution comes from households and industry, including
phosphorus-based detergents. The rapid increase in industrial production and in in-house
consumption during the 20th century has resulted in greater volumes of nutrient-rich
wastewater. Besides nutrient inputs, the first condition supporting eutrophication
development is purely physical - it is the containment (time of renewal) of the water.
The containment of water can be physical, such as in a lake or even in a slow river that
works as a batch (upstream waters do not mix with downstream waters), or it can be
dynamic. Other physical factors influence eutrophication of water bodies. Thermal
stratification of stagnant water bodies (such as lakes and reservoirs), temperature and
light influence the development of aquatic algae. Increased light and temperature
conditions during spring and summer explain why eutrophication is a phenomenon that
occurs mainly during these seasons. Eutrophication itself affects the penetration of light
through the water body because of the shadow effect coming from the development of

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algae and other living organisms and this reduces photosynthesis in deep water layers,
and aquatic grass and weeds bottom development.
2.2.2 Eutrophication – Effects on Ecology, Aesthetics and
Human Health
The major consequence of eutrophication concerns the availability of oxygen. Plants,
through photosynthesis, produce oxygen in daylight. On the contrary, in darkness all
animals and plants, as well as aerobic microorganisms and decomposing dead
organisms, respire and consume oxygen. These two competitive processes are
dependent on the development of the biomass. In the case of severe biomass
accumulation, the process of oxidation of the organic matter that has formed into
sediment at the bottom of the water body will consume all the available oxygen. Even
the oxygen contained in sulphates (SO4 2-) will be used by some specific bacteria. This
will lead to the release of sulphur (S2-) that will immediately capture the free oxygen
still present in the upper layers. Thus, the water body will lose all its oxygen and all life
will disappear. This is when the very specific smell of rotten eggs, originating mainly
from sulphur, will appear.

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An infestation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) can be a health hazard. It can
provide an ideal breeding habitat for mosquito larvae and it can protect the snail vector
of bilharzia [Scott et al., 1979]. Of all the cyanotoxins currently known, the cyclic
peptides represent the greatest concern to human health, although this may be because
so little is known about the other cyanotoxins [Chorus and Bartram, 1999]. The concern
exists primarily because of the potential risk of long term exposure to comparatively low
concentrations of the toxins in drinking water supplies. Acute exposure to high doses
may cause death from liver haemorrhage or liver failure. Other short term effects on
humans include gastrointestinal and hepatic illnesses. A number of adverse
consequences have been documented for swimmers exposed to cyanobacterial blooms.
Chronic exposure to low doses may promote the growth of liver and other tumours.
Nevertheless, many cyanobacterial blooms are apparently not hazardous to animals
[Carmichael, 1992]. It is also possible that people exposed to odours from waterways
contaminated with decaying algae of cyanobacteria may suffer chronic ill-health effects.
The existence of large areas of macrophytes can inhibit or prevent access to waterways.
This decreases the fitness for use of the water for water sports such as skiing, yachting
and fishing. The presence of unsightly and smelling scums also makes any recreational
use of the water body unpleasant.

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The condition of urban lakes and water bodies in India is so dismal that the people have
now filed a number of public interest litigation (PIL) to put pressure on government
agencies to take action for their conservation. Citizens having realised that this
important natural resource is key to sustenance of habitations and source of potable
water need immediate conservation. Many cases have been documented, Dal Lake in
Kashmir, Delhi’s Waterbodies, Kurpa Tal, Naini Tal, Bhimtal, Naukuchia Tal and Sattal in
Uttaranchal, Charkop, Thanne lake, Powai and Eksar Lakes in Mumbai, Hussain Sagar,
Saroo Nagar lake, Kolleru wetlands in Andhra Pradesh, Vembanad wetlands in Kerala,
Bangalore lakes, Bellandur lake in Karnataka etc. There are many more instances where
citizens have come forward to conserve the wetlands and lake in light of government
apathy.

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3. Hauz Khas Tank-Existing
Scenario
3.1. Location and Brief History
Delhi which is the national capital of India is located at 28.61°N 77.23°E, and lies
in Northern India. It borders the Indian states of Haryana on the north, west and south
and Uttar Pradesh (UP) to the east. Two prominent features of the geography of Delhi
are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi ridge.
INTACH’s (Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage) blueprint for water
augmentation mapped all water resources as well as possible groundwater recharge sites
such as paleo-channels and lineaments. It identified 44 lakes and 355 village ponds as
major sites for water storage and recharge locations. A few of these are water bodies
constructed by Delhi rulers in the past that have become defunct with time. When
revived they can be used for storage of rainwater and groundwater that will aid in
recharging the groundwater in the associated aquifers, in addition to providing habitat
for biodiversity.
Hauz Khas Complex houses a water tank, an Islamic seminary, a mosque, a
tomb and pavilions built around an urbanized village with medieval history traced to
the thirteenth century of Delhi Sultanate reign. It was part of Siri, the second medieval

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city of India of the Delhi Sultanate of Allauddin Khilji Dynasty (1296–1316). Hauz Khas
is a historic place and the lake inside it is 700 years old. The latitude is 28.55 deg N and
longitude is 77.19 deg E. The tank is 26 km far from Yamuna River. The area of the lake
is surrounded by Deer Park, Safdarjang Enclave and Green Park.
Hauz Khas as shown below is located is located in South Delhi in Zone –F which is full of
protected monuments, forested areas and heritage sites so, it is called “GREEN LUNG” of
the Delhi city.

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Hauz Khas as per the google earth view resides in the heart of the dense Deer park and
has been a prime tourist spot for many years.

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3.2. Tank Source and Restoration in 2004
The Hauz Khas tank which was originally of about 50 ha (123.6 acres) area with
dimensions of 600 m (1,968.5 ft) width and 700 m (2,296.6 ft) length with 4 m (13.1 ft)
depth of water faced a brief period of being bereft of water (See Figure) due to
evaporation losses and no make-up water source. To make the situation worse, the lake
was located at a place where adjacent land use cannot be changed and no other source
of surface water was available to retrieve the lake. The bed of the Hauz was concretized
with a 50 mm thick layer of lean concrete in 1968 with a view to stop the tremendous
percolation losses. Over a period of time the layer had crumbled and was completely
ineffective. Several trees had taken root in shallow mud pockets in the bed and several
more have been planted along the 1 km. long edge. From the lake management point of
view this vegetation is a nightmare as it multiplies the in situ organic load through decay

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and leaf fall. The littoral zone is also steep with stone-pitched banks and little vegetation.
There is an island of 0.40 ha with steep banks but thick vegetation.
The stratum is extremely porous and makes it difficult to retain surface water. The water
holding capacity of Hauz Khas has now come down to mere 128,000 cum from a
whooping 800,000 cum when built due to decreased depth of the tank mainly because of
siltation and continuous percolation and evaporation losses.
To rectify the situation, INTACH had proposed a scheme to rejuvenate the Hauz Khas
Tank. The following scheme was implemented:-
• One MGD (Million Gallon per Day) treated effluent from Vasant Kunj STP was
utilized for filling the lake after further treatment with duckweeds (Spirodella,
Lemna, Wolffia) in the water retained in existing check dams in the catchment.
Three storm water channels which lie on the upstream side of the Hauz emerge
south of the Hauz from the southern ridge area and serve a catchment of
approximately 10 sq.km. These channels are carrying wastewaters/sewage from
unsewered areas of heavily urbanized catchment, the annual storm water runoff
generated was about 700,000 - 900,000 m3 annually, in a year of average
rainfall.

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• The treated water was conveyed from check dam through a system of pipes (600
mm ø) and chambers. The pipes were laid on the bed of the storm water channel
to ensure that nonpoint pollution does not affect the water quality en route.
• The entire flow was accomplished with gravity.
• Based on the flow regime the average flow was estimated at 2000 m3/d (cubic
meters per day) after accounting for diversions upstream of Sanjay Van, seepage
losses in Sanjay Van, trans-evaporation by the plant community in the aquatic
plants lagoon in Sanjay Van and removals in IIT campus.
• After filling the Hauz to full capacity the losses on account of evaporation and
percolation had to be made up. The percolation losses were assumed as a stable
constant whereas the evaporation losses would vary with the seasons. The
losses were estimated between 940 m3/d in May to 600 m3/d in December –
January.
• After filling the Hauz appropriate fish species were introduced in the reservoir.
[Populations: Indian Carps – 120,000, Grass Carps - 50,000, Gambussia –
10,000]. The plankton, which feed upon the organic load in the water were
consumed by the fish. Bottom feeder fish feed upon the detritus of dead matter

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floating down towards the bed of the reservoir. The fish would attract fish eating
birds and thus the organic matter would be removed from the water through a
natural food chain.
• Bioremediation: Facultative anaerobic bacterial consortium was introduced in
surface waters to reduce biological oxygen demand, reduce nitrates and to
improve the levels of dissolved oxygen.
This formed basis for restoration of water quality and aquatic ecosystem to the lake.

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3.3. Hauz Khas Tank- Today
In spite of the remedial measures taken by INTACH which lead to the restoration of tank,
the Hauz Khas tank even today faces the same old problem of algal bloom, high organic
load, odor issues, unaesthetic appearance and siltation.
Following observations were made from our site visit on 12th
January, 2016:-
• The appearance of lake water was unattractive and looked green in colour due to
algal bloom.

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• Presence of aquatic life, migratory birds and ducks was observed.
• The treated sewage inflow to the lake appeared to have been contributing to the
already polluted lake.
• Unpleasant odour sensed near the lake.
• Surrounding pathways looked clean.

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4. Basic Design Data of Hauz
Khas
4.1. Introduction
The lake is situated in a district park of urban south Delhi and has a water spread of 6
hectares. The catchment of this lake has undergone rapid urbanization. The Hauz has an
area of 58,515 m2, an average depth of 2.20 m [the bed is in slope with a difference of
1.5 m between the highest and lowest levels] and a storage capacity of 128,000 m3. It
has a perimeter of 1 km.
Total water volume in the water: 1,28,000 m3 (or cum)
Total turnover time: 300 hours
Water flow to be treated: 426.6 m3/hr (500 m3/hr approx)
4.2. Meteorological Data
Sr. No. Particulars Description
1. Location New Delhi, India,
2. Temperature (Min/Max) -2.2 / 48.4 deg. C
3. Wind Velocity( Min/Max) 0.0 / 13.4 km/hr

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4. Rainfall (Annual) 617 mm
5. Altitude above sea level 216 m
6. Seism City Zone Zone 4
4.3. Water Quality Analysis of Hauz Khas
Detailed water analysis report of Haus Khas Lake carried out by AES Laboratories (P)
Ltd, New Delhi is presented below. The water sample was collected on February 19,
2016.
Sr.
No.
Parameter Test Method Results Unit
s
1. Conductivity at 25 deg. C APHA 2510(B) 828 µS/cm
2. Turbidity APHA 2130(B) 15 NTU
3. Colour APHA 2120(B) 4 Hazen
4. pH Value at 25 deg. C APHA 4500(B) 8.95 -
5. Free CO2 APHA 4500(C) Nil mg/l
6. Alkalinity Total(as CaCO3) IS 3025 Pt 23:1986 180 mg/l
7. Chloride(as Cl) IS 3025 Pt 32:1988 80 mg/l
8. Calcium Hardness(as CaCO3) APHA 3500(B) 116 mg/l
9. Magnesium Hardness(as CaCO3) APHA 3500(B) 68 mg/l
10. Dissolved Silica(as SiO2) APHA 4500(C) 4.6 mg/l
11. Nitrates(as NO3) IS 3025 Pt 44:1988 12 mg/l
12. Sodium (as Na) APHA 3500-Na-B 86 mg/l
13. Solids Dissolved(TDS) APHA 2540(C) 516 mg/l
14. BOD (3 days at 27 deg. C) IS 3025 Pt 44:1993 36 mg/l
15. COD (as O2) IS 3025 Pt 58:2006 172 mg/l
16. Dissolved Oxygen IS 3025 Pt 38:1989 2.35 mg/l
17. Hardness Total (as CaCO3) IS 3025 Pt 21:2009 184 mg/l
18. Sulphate(as SO4) APHA 4500 SO4 E 49 mg/l
19. Iron(as Fe) APHA 3111(B) 0.12 mg/l
20. Potassium (as K) APHA 3500 K B 19 mg/l
21. Solid Suspended(TSS) IS 3025 Pt 17:1984 8 mg/l
22. E.Coli IS 1622:1981 280 Qualit
ative
23. Coliform IS 1622: 1981 1800 MPN/1
00 ml
24. Appearance Visual Observation Green due
to algal
bloom
25. Odour Olfactory Method Objectiona
ble due to
algal &
sewage
odours

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4.4. ORAIPL’s TAKE ON THE ANALYSIS
On pH:
As per the guidelines suggested by BIS, a pH range of 6.5-8.5 is normally acceptable. As
per the report, the pH is just above 8.5 (8.95 recorded as per the report) which states
that the lake is on the alkaline side. This is be due to photosynthesis carried out by the
aquatic plants or algae which are using up the dissolved CO2 (Nil recorded as per the
report). Since dissolved carbon dioxide (Nil recorded as per the report) acts as carbonic
acid in water, it is unable to increase the acidity of the lake and hence the pH increases.
Due to heavy nutrient loading and subsequent algal growth, the pH might aggravate
during the growing season and daytime.
On Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids:
Conductivity of water is affected by the presence of inorganic dissolved solids such as
chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate anions, or sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron and
aluminium cations. It is also affected by temperature; warmer the water, higher the
conductivity. The conductivity recorded (828 µS/cm as per the report) is higher than the
permissible limit of 500 µS/cm which may be due to a failing sewage system letting
chloride, phosphate and nitrate ions mix into the lake. The TDS and Conductivity
parameters are closely related as they both indicate the amount of dissolved solids. The
TDS (516 mg/l as per the report) was found to be slightly above the set limit of 500
mg/l. Such TDS in water might cause gastro-intestinal irritation on consumption.
On Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand:
The dissolved oxygen recorded (2.35 mg/l as per the report) is way below the minimum
limit of 5 mg/l. Concentrations below 5 mg/l affects the functioning and survival of
biological communities. Water with inadequate DO might well be considered as
wastewater. Water bodies with large quantity organic waste also contain a lot of bacteria
working to decompose the waste; hence the demand for oxygen will be high due to all
the bacteria. As the waste is consumed and dispersed, the BOD declines. When BOD
levels are high in water (due to quicker growth of algae and subsequent death), the DO
level decreases because the available oxygen is now getting consumed by the bacteria
operating on the increased organic load. The BOD recorded (39 mg/l as per the report)
clearly misbehaves with the set BOD limit of 30 mg/L and should be reduced to below 3
mg/l to inhibit the current rate of deterioration.

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On COD:
The high value of COD obtained (170 mg/l as per the report) shows that the lake is filled
with some dissolved organic compounds or oxidisable inorganic substances. This might
be due poor sewage treatment and surface runoffs. Although it is below the standard
COD of 250 mg/l; high COD talks about the high pollution levels in the lake.
On Nitrate Concentration:
As per the report, the nitrate concentration obtained is 12 mg/l. Nitrate concentration
above 10 mg/l is very harmful. The high nitrate concentration in lakes signifies high
nutrient loading which leads to subsequent algal bloom as seen now.
On the presence of Total Coliform:
Total Coliform Count acts as an index of magnitude of biological contamination. It is an
important parameter to check sewage contamination in a lake. In the present case, the
Total Coliform count was found to be 1800 MPN/100 ml and E.Coli was found to be 280.
The ideal recreational water body should have a TC count below 500 MPN/100 ml. The
increased coliform concentration might be due to sewage contamination, droppings or
excretion from warm blooded creatures in the lake and its surroundings. The presence of
such disease-causing microorganisms is a strictly undesirable in recreational
environments.

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5. Design Concept and Proposal
5.1. Background
Conservation of lakes and wetlands requires several actions to be taken together. It is
necessary to first assess the current state of the water body in terms of its physical,
chemical, hydrological and biological characteristics and then determine the objectives
and goals for which the water body is to be conserved.
Hauz Khas lake which faces the problem of algal bloom due to nutrient loading, higher
pH, odor and color problems an urgent need was felt to come up with a permanent fix to
such issues.
5.1.1. Design Basis
Lake Name Hauz Khas Tank
Total Volume of Water in the Lake 1,28,000 Cum
Total water turnover time 300 Hrs
Water flow to be treated /
Capacity of the treatment plant
500 cum/hr
Source of Make Up Water Sanjay Van Catchment Area( Vasant
Kunj STP Treated Water)
Make Up Water Requirement 25-40 (Approx. considering average
evaporation, percolation losses over
and rainfall make up over the year)
cum/hr
5.1.2. Desired Product Water Quality
Core quality parameters for the product water will be maintained as per IS 2296:1992
[Surface water quality standards; class-B Water for outdoor bathing/recreation] as given
below:-
Parameters Desired Value
Dissolved Oxygen (DO), mg/l (Minimum) 5

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Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l (Maximum) 3
Total Coliform (TC) organisms, Maximum, MPN/100 ml 500
pH Between 6.5 and 8.5
Colour, Hazen Units, Maximum 300
5.2. Design Concept and Strategy Proposed
Ozone Research and Applications (India) Pvt. Ltd. (ORAIPL) would like to propose
the following treatment scheme in order to rejuvenate the Hauz Khas Lake and restore
its rich heritage and aesthetic beauty :-
On-Site Operations-
Step 1: Removal of settled sludge from the bottom of the Tank (Desilting):
The reduced depth of the Hauz Khas tank is due to the excess deposit of sludge or dead
aquatic life at the bottom of the tank. Desilting operation from time to time can be put to
use to remove the settled sludge and increase the depth of the tank making it an able
water body which can be used as a supply source during tough times.

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Step 2: Removal of Planktonic Algae (By Acoustic Technology)
For removal of existing algae or planktons a new acoustic technology has been
developed in European countries and is being widely used for water treatment. As is the
name, this technology emits sound signals with right frequency, which creates a sound
barrier in the top layer of the water, reflecting on objects with a different density than
water. This affects the buoyancy of many types of algae and prevents algae from floating
up to the surface, thus dying by lack of light.
Centralized Treatment Plant
The proposed water treatment plant of capacity 500c.u.m/hr will treat the treated
sewage inflow to the Hauz Khas Tank before entering into the lake while also
accomplishing the treatment of the existing lake water in 15-20 hour recirculation.
Step 1: Fine Screening
A dry well is to be constructed (in RCC) at below ground level parallel to the pond. This
well and pump house will be a feed point of water for filtration and other purposes like
equalization and neutralization (pH adjustment).
Suction filters are proposed to be placed in this channel for physical separation of waste
solids floating in the pond. Purpose is to avoid any solid waste entering the filter pumps
on suction side. Solids trapped in this filter have to be cleaned manually.
Feed pumps will lift water from dry well and feed it to Vortex filter (cyclone type) for
removal of sand, mud and suspended solid particles above 20mm size.
Step 2: Pressure Sand filter (PSF)

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Outlet water from Vortex filter shall be passed through sand media of Pressure sand
filter to get rid of suspended solids (size below 20 mm), impurities and inorganic matter
in the pond. The same water shall also be used for backwashing of filters to avoid choke-
ups and maintain the efficiency of filter. Objective is to reduce down the TSS (Total
suspended solids) load.
Step 3: Activated carbon filter (ACF)
Filtered water from PSF shall be fed to Activated carbon filters, wherein after contacting
with carbon media the TSS & TDS load of water will reduce from 50 ppm to 5 ppm which
is as per bathing standards. The ACF will also help in reducing the odor as well as colour
of water.
Step 4: Disinfection (Ozonisation system)
After ACF the filtered water is collected in a filter water sump (in RCC). Next step is to
disinfect the filtered water for bacteria and organic material removal. This disinfection is
done online by ozone generator system. For the efficient and economic introduction of
ozone a part stream of the filtered water is utilized as a motive flow for the gas injection
and mixing through venturi injector. Ozonisation system will not only disinfect the pond
water but will also eliminate colour and odour, if any, in the pond water. COD (Chemical
oxygen demand) load will be reduced to < 15 ppm. Thus, safe bathing/recreational
water grade water is returned to the pond.
Some more advantages of ozone:
• Filtration support: Ozone assists flocculation of organic waste materials, thus
enhancing the effectiveness of sand filters.
• Water purification: Ozone directly decomposes organic waste by oxidation.
• Water sanitation: Properly dissolved ozone residual of 0.05 mg/L or higher assures a
100% kill of all bacteria, viruses and fungus.
• Water ozonisation: Unused ozone slowly decomposes to normal oxygen and remains
dissolved in the water to the point of saturation. This makes the pond water clean,
sparkling sky blue with a pleasantly clean smell.
• Leaves no toxic residue in the treated water.
• Ozone is produced on site and does not require storage or transportation.
• Ozone ends water discharge liabilities.

30 | P a g e
• Compared to chlorine, the most common water disinfection chemical; ozone is more
than 50% stronger in oxidizing power and acts over 3,000 times faster in disinfection.
Step 5: Filter Backwash water treatment with HRSC Clarifier
A total backwash water quantity of about 50 m3/hr is received from the filtration system
(PSF + ACF). This backwash water is transferred to HRSCC (High rate solids contact
clarifier) to separate out sludge from the backwash water. Polyelectrolyte and alum
solution shall be dosed for flocculation and coagulation. Clarified water shall be collected
in a clarified water sump for further filtration by PSF. An ozone dose @ 1 ppm shall be
applied for disinfection before returning this water back to the pond.
Step 6: Filter press
Separated sludge from HRSCC is transferred to filter press for cake formation and
disposal at sludge drying bed which can be reused after treatment as a fertilizer.
The above scheme was proposed by ORAIPL for Shivganga Pond Rejuvenation (currently
under execution). Same can be replicated for Hauz Khas Tank as well.

31 | P a g e
6. Capital Investment for the
Proposed Plant
The capital outlay for the proposed treatment plant is estimated to be about Rs. 6 crores
with object head-wise breakup as machinery and equipment, civil works, electrical works
and other capital expenditure.
Budgetary Costing of Equipment and Machineries are tabulated below:
Sr.no. Item Description Total
Qty.
Unit Rate in Lakhs Total in
Lakhs
1 Ultrasonic Equipment 4 No. 5.25 21.00
2 Suction Filter 3(Standby
Included)
No. 1.00 3.00
3 Filter Feed Pumps 3(Standby
Included)
No. 4.1 12.30
4 Vortex Filter 2 No. 3.0 6.0
5 Pressure Sand Filters 2 No. 17.55 35.1
6 Activated Carbon Filters 2 No. 17.55 35.1
7 Filtered Water Transfer
Pumps
2(Standby
Included)
No. 4.10 8.20
8 Ozonisation System (1.5
kg/hr)
1 No. 127.00 127.00
9 HRSC Clarifier 1 No. 17.00 17.00
10 Filter Press 1 No. 13.75 13.75
11 Sludge Transfer Pumps 2(Standby
Included)
No. 1.50 3.00
12 Flocculant Tank +
Agitator + Pump
1 No. 1.50 1.50
13 Clarified Water Transfer
Pumps
2(Standby
Included)
No. 2.50 2.50
14 Pressure Sand Filter 1 No. 8.50 8.50
15 Ozonisation System (50
g/hr)
1 No. 6.00 6.00
16 Diffuser 1 Lot 1.00 1.00

32 | P a g e
17 Pipes and Fittings 1 Lot 75.00 75.00
18 Media (Sand + Activated
Carbon under-bed
materials)
110 MT 0.063 per MT 7.00
19 Misc. Items 1 Lot 25.00 25.00
Supply Total 371.65
20 Civil Works 1 Lump
sum
75.00 75.00
21 Electrical Cost 1 Lump
sum
75.00 75.00
22 Other Capital
Expenditure
1 Lump
sum
75.00 75.00
Grand Total 596.65
Note:- The rates are subjected to change. This breakup aims to give a rough
estimate of the capital involved in implementing this project. The operational
costs are not covered in this section as that would require further detailed
engineering and project planning.

33 | P a g e
7. Conclusion
Conservation of lakes requires several actions to be taken together. It is necessary to
first assess the present state of the water body in terms of its physical, chemical,
hydrological and biological characteristics and then determine the objectives and goals
for which the water body is to be conserved. In India, there are several lakes which need
urgent restoration. Conservation and management of water bodies can only be done
when all the concerned authorities come together and resolve the issue by showing their
participation in the preparation and implementation of the action plan. This report was
aimed at incepting the thought of not just rejuvenating a lake but also the need to
maintain its beauty and quality through continuous treatment.
Hauz Khas which has been an epitome of tourist attraction since decades needs urgent
attention. We hope this report could look into all the aspects required to devise a plan
for the rejuvenation of Hauz Khas Tank and restore the heritage value it is longing for.
8. References
• Bureau of Indian Standards 2296: 1992. Water quality parameters for different
uses in the standard IS 2296:1992.
• Conservation and Management of Lakes - An Indian Perspective 2010. Ministry of
Environment and Forests, New Delhi.
• Garg R K, Rao R J and Saksena D N, J Environ Biology, 2009, 30(5), 909-916.
• Gupta S K, Dixit S and Tiwari S, Poll Res., 2005, 24(4), 805808.
• Maiti S.K., Water and Wastewater analysis, Vol.1, 2nd edition, 2004.
• Manu Bhatnagar, Revival of Hauz Khas Lake (INTACH), 2008, 1477- 1487.
• Meg Raj Pokhral, spectrophotometric determination of phosphate, Scientific
World, Vol.11, 2013, 58-62.
• MoEF 2010. Conservation and Management of Lakes-An Indian Perspective.
• Subrahmanyam N.S. and A.V.S.S. Sambamurty, Ecology 2nd (Edition), 2006.
• Sutapa Chakarabarty, Jayshree, Deka and Sarma H P, Int J Chem Sci., 2009,
7(4), 2914-2920.
• Trivedy R K and Goel P K, Chemical and biological methods for water pollution
studies, Environmental Publication, Karad, India, 1986.
• Tyler Miller G., Jr, Living in the environment, 5th (Edition), 1985.

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9. Appendix

35 | P a g e

Deer Park Lake Report

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