minor project ppt

1. BY:
Jagrat Singh - 06411502820
Nishant Suhag - 08311502820
Parth Dahiya - 08511502820
Pravesh Rana - 09411502820
Radar Cross Section Reduction of Slot
Antenna Using Characteristic Modes

2. CONTENTS
❖ Overview of Metasurface, Metasurface Antennas
❖ CMT
❖ Software Used
❖ Research Gap, Objective
❖ Research Paper Referred
❖ Work Done
❖ Results
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BVCOE New Delhi
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3. Metasurface
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BVCOE New Delhi
3
❖They are broadly investigated and implemented in electromagnetics
applications due to their light weight and ease of fabrication.
❖Metasurfaces have unique abilities for blocking, absorbing, concentrating,
dispersing and guiding waves both on the surface at grazing incidence and in
space at normal and oblique incidence, from microwave through visible
frequencies.
❖In electromagnetic theory, metasurfaces modulate the behaviors of
electromagnetic waves through specific boundary conditions, rather than
constitutive parameters in three dimensional (3D) space.
❖Metasurfaces may also refer to the two-dimensional counterparts of
metamaterials.

4. Metasurface Antennas
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❖Metasurface antenna is a new concept in surface antennas, which take
the advantage of periodic boundary of each radiation unit cells to group
radiation unit in a more compact space.
❖Metasurfaces are thin-films composed of individual elements that have
initially been developed to overcome the obstacles that metamaterials
are confronted with(challenges in nanofabrication).
❖Metasurface antennas provide enhanced performance of parameters like
gain, bandwidth and also provides circular polarization in comparison
with conventional microstrip patch antennas.
❖The key feature of metasurfaces is their ability to control
electromagnetic waves with a high degree of precision, enabling
functionalities that are not easily achievable with conventional
materials..

5. Characteristic mode
Theory(CMT)
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❖Characteristic modes are real current modes that can be computed
numerically for conducting bodies of arbitrary shape. Characteristic modes
make modal analysis of conducting bodies.
❖The radiating behaviour of the modes can be determined from the
information provided by the eigenvalues associated with the Characteristic
modes.
❖By studying the current distribution of modes, an optimum feeding
arrangement can be found in order to obtain the desired radiating behaviour.
❖It provides a physical interpretation of the radiation phenomenon taking
place on the antenna.

6. Software Used:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BVCOE New Delhi
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CST - Computer Simulation Technology
❖ CST Studio is a high-performance 3D EM analysis software package
for designing, analyzing and optimizing electromagnetic (EM)
components and systems.
❖ Simulation enables the use of virtual prototyping.
❖ Device performance can be optimized, potential compliance issues
identified and mitigated early in the design process.

7. Research Gap
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Not Much antennas have been designed using CMT for enhancing the antenna
parameters such as:
❖ Reduction Of Radar Cross Section Area
❖ Gain Enhancement
❖ Bandwidth Enhancement
❖ Operating Frequency Range Of Antenna.
❖ Polarization Of Antenna

8. Research Objective
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❖ In band and out band RCS Reduction based on Metasurface for wide
frequency range.
❖ RCS Reduction and Bandwidth Enhancement of antennas based on
Metasurfaces through characteristic mode analysis.
❖ RCS reduction of antennas based on Metasurface through characteristic
mode analysis.
❖ Circular Polarized Metasurface antennas based on characteristic mode
analysis.

9. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BVCOE New Delhi
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Research Paper Referred:
❖ Introduce innovative radar cross-
section (RCS) reduction in slot
antennas using Characteristic
Mode Theory (CMT) analysis.
❖ Modal Analysis was done for 4
different modes of the
Metasurface Antenna and plotted
on a graph.
❖ The motivation behind this paper
stems from the critical need to
address the challenges associated
with achieving low Radar Cross
Section (RCS) in military
systems, particularly in the
context of antennas.

10. Work Done
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Measurements Used
1. Ground
CST Software Designing:
● We used CST software for designing and simulating a T-shaped microstrip patch
antenna. Utilizing the powerful features of CST, we efficiently model and simulate
the antenna to achieve desired performance characteristics.

11. Work Done
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2. Substrate
3. Patch

12. Results
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● S11 Parameter is the measure of how much power is reflected
from an antenna. If S11 is 0 dB then all the power is reflected
back from the antenna and nothing is radiated.

13. Results
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● The modal significance of the first 4 modes for the slot antenna.
● It can be seen that there are three significant modes over the operation band,
namely mode 1, mode 2 and mode 4.
● The graph below show the characteristic angles of the 4 modes.

14. Results
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● This graph shows that the RCS was minimum at 3Ghz
frequency and gradually increased with the frequency.
● So, the antenna working at 3Ghz had the minimum RCS

15. Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, BVCOE
New Delhi
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THANK YOU