A crushed injury of limb was treated with closed plaster method and elaborating the treatment protocol and follow-up. We should look behind the old treatment method again.
Closed plaster treatment of severe compound injuries - A report and revisitApollo Hospitals
The closed method has been known for nearly a century, and the principles upon which it is based were known to Hippocrates, who stated that rest and immobilisation are of capital importance in the treatment of wounds.
This document discusses the use of cyanoacrylate adhesives in oral applications. It provides an overview of the mechanism of cyanoacrylate adhesives, their advantages over sutures for wound closure including faster hemostasis, less inflammation and pain, and ease of use. Several studies are cited showing cyanoacrylate adhesives resulted in less shrinkage of grafts, inflammation and patient discomfort compared to sutures for intraoral wound closure. The document concludes cyanoacrylate adhesives are useful alternatives to sutures for oral procedures due to their hemostatic, bacteriostatic and painless properties.
Principles of surgery (nx power lite) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
This document from the Indian Dental Academy discusses the principles of maxillofacial surgery. It covers topics such as painless surgery using local anesthesia with or without sedation or general anesthesia, the importance of asepsis and sterilization to prevent surgical site infections, ensuring adequate surgical access through incisions and bone removal, arresting hemorrhage, debriding and draining wounds, closing wounds with various suture techniques, and post-operative care including management of pain, antibiotics, swelling and diet. The document provides details on various surgical procedures and principles to follow for successful maxillofacial surgery outcomes.
With increase in the number of laparoscopic procedures being performed, the incidence of port site complications has also increased proportionately. Infection and port site hernia are the commonest of the complications. Port site hernias are more prone to complications in view of the irregularity and narrowness of the defect. A case of an incarcerated umbilical port site hernia is presented to highlight the complexity of the problem and the surgical challenge that it poses.
Crestal minimally invasive sinus lift on severely resorbedkarinazul13
This study evaluated a crestal minimally-invasive sinus lift technique for severely resorbed maxillary crests less than 5 mm in height. Seventeen patients received 20 implants and sinus floor elevation, with residual crestal heights ranging from 1.2-5.0 mm. No patients dropped out, all implants were successfully integrated, and the only complication was a minor perforation of the sinus membrane. At follow-up 24 months after loading, no implants failed and the mean regenerated bone height was maintained. The results suggest this crestal technique can successfully augment bone and allow implant placement in severely resorbed maxillae.
1. The document discusses negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), including its history, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and future perspectives.
2. NPWT uses subatmospheric pressure to promote wound healing through mechanisms like hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation.
3. Studies show NPWT can effectively treat wounds in complex areas like the head and neck region, and may help close submandibular fistulas. However, wounds with pockets or deep shapes are more prone to infection with NPWT.
EVALUATION OF ABSORBABLE AND NON-ABSORBABLE SUTURES IN A COHORT STUDYAnil Haripriya
Suturing has been used all the way through the ages to assist healing of human tissues by wound closure. Earlier, animal fibers were used as thread and the needles were fashioned from animal bone or bits of metal. Nowadays, sterilized sutures have mostly replaced these materials but the essential principles remain the same.[13]
The main objective of periodontal surgery is to achieve health and integrity of the periodontium by plaque removal and plaque control. Patient preparation is an important aspect of the intervention. The presentation mentions certain principles of periodontal surgery which are crucial for effective treatment of the patient.
Closed plaster treatment of severe compound injuries - A report and revisitApollo Hospitals
The closed method has been known for nearly a century, and the principles upon which it is based were known to Hippocrates, who stated that rest and immobilisation are of capital importance in the treatment of wounds.
This document discusses the use of cyanoacrylate adhesives in oral applications. It provides an overview of the mechanism of cyanoacrylate adhesives, their advantages over sutures for wound closure including faster hemostasis, less inflammation and pain, and ease of use. Several studies are cited showing cyanoacrylate adhesives resulted in less shrinkage of grafts, inflammation and patient discomfort compared to sutures for intraoral wound closure. The document concludes cyanoacrylate adhesives are useful alternatives to sutures for oral procedures due to their hemostatic, bacteriostatic and painless properties.
Principles of surgery (nx power lite) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
This document from the Indian Dental Academy discusses the principles of maxillofacial surgery. It covers topics such as painless surgery using local anesthesia with or without sedation or general anesthesia, the importance of asepsis and sterilization to prevent surgical site infections, ensuring adequate surgical access through incisions and bone removal, arresting hemorrhage, debriding and draining wounds, closing wounds with various suture techniques, and post-operative care including management of pain, antibiotics, swelling and diet. The document provides details on various surgical procedures and principles to follow for successful maxillofacial surgery outcomes.
With increase in the number of laparoscopic procedures being performed, the incidence of port site complications has also increased proportionately. Infection and port site hernia are the commonest of the complications. Port site hernias are more prone to complications in view of the irregularity and narrowness of the defect. A case of an incarcerated umbilical port site hernia is presented to highlight the complexity of the problem and the surgical challenge that it poses.
Crestal minimally invasive sinus lift on severely resorbedkarinazul13
This study evaluated a crestal minimally-invasive sinus lift technique for severely resorbed maxillary crests less than 5 mm in height. Seventeen patients received 20 implants and sinus floor elevation, with residual crestal heights ranging from 1.2-5.0 mm. No patients dropped out, all implants were successfully integrated, and the only complication was a minor perforation of the sinus membrane. At follow-up 24 months after loading, no implants failed and the mean regenerated bone height was maintained. The results suggest this crestal technique can successfully augment bone and allow implant placement in severely resorbed maxillae.
1. The document discusses negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), including its history, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and future perspectives.
2. NPWT uses subatmospheric pressure to promote wound healing through mechanisms like hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation.
3. Studies show NPWT can effectively treat wounds in complex areas like the head and neck region, and may help close submandibular fistulas. However, wounds with pockets or deep shapes are more prone to infection with NPWT.
EVALUATION OF ABSORBABLE AND NON-ABSORBABLE SUTURES IN A COHORT STUDYAnil Haripriya
Suturing has been used all the way through the ages to assist healing of human tissues by wound closure. Earlier, animal fibers were used as thread and the needles were fashioned from animal bone or bits of metal. Nowadays, sterilized sutures have mostly replaced these materials but the essential principles remain the same.[13]
The main objective of periodontal surgery is to achieve health and integrity of the periodontium by plaque removal and plaque control. Patient preparation is an important aspect of the intervention. The presentation mentions certain principles of periodontal surgery which are crucial for effective treatment of the patient.
This document provides an overview of implant usage in surgery. It defines an implant as a surgically inserted foreign material used to replace, support, or enhance a biological structure. The document then discusses implant classification, materials, indications, principles of usage, complications, emerging trends, and concludes that implants are invaluable for surgical therapy but not without risks, and an ideal implant has yet to be discovered.
The document discusses using Z-plasty techniques to treat post-burn scar contractures and pilonidal sinus. Z-plasty involves reorienting scar tissue to lengthen it and correct deformities. The author describes using Z-plasty on 10 cases of scar contractures and 5 cases of pilonidal sinus. It resulted in scar lengthening and zero recurrence of pilonidal sinus with less hospital stay compared to other techniques. The document concludes that Z-plasty is a versatile technique for general surgeons to manage linear scar contractures and pilonidal disease.
Basic Principles In The Management Of Soft Tissue Injuries of the FaceDJ CrissCross
This document discusses the basic principles for managing soft tissue injuries of the face. It covers the initial assessment of the patient including history and physical exam, wound exploration and decontamination, closure techniques, use of local anesthesia, antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis. Primary goals are repairing the tissue for optimal cosmetic and functional outcome while preventing complications like infection.
Journal Club on The clinical and radiographical characteristics of zygomatic ...Dr Bhavik Miyani
This document summarizes a study that compared the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery to treat zygomatic complex fractures and were treated either surgically or non-surgically. The study found that extraoral steps, intraoral steps, and malar depression were significantly more common in surgically treated patients. While non-surgically treated patients also sometimes had displaced fractures, studying this group could provide insight into developing better methods for determining appropriate treatment. The study recommends further research on non-surgically treated patients with zygomatic complex fractures.
This document discusses various techniques for gingival retraction during dental impressions for implants. It begins with introductions to implant dentistry and the need for gingival retraction during impressions. The document then compares the peridental and peri-implant tissues. It reviews the requirements and goals of gingival retraction as well as various retraction techniques including mechanical, chemomechanical, and surgical approaches. The document also discusses some recent advancements in gingival retraction techniques such as Expasyl, Magic Foamcord, and Gingitrac which aim to provide retraction with less trauma to tissues.
This document discusses techniques for closing midline laparotomy incisions. It recommends mass closure using continuous slowly absorbable monofilament sutures placed 5-8mm from the wound edge and 4-5mm apart. A suture length to wound length ratio of 4:1 or greater should be used to minimize complications like wound dehiscence and incisional hernia. Proper technique and suture material can reduce surgical site infections, wound failures, and hernia rates.
This document describes the endodontic treatment of a mandibular second molar (tooth 37) with acute irreversible pulpitis and cracked tooth syndrome, and the retreatment of an adjacent mandibular second molar (tooth 36) with chronic apical periodontitis. Tooth 37 exhibited signs and symptoms of cracked tooth syndrome including lingering pain upon testing and biting. Access was gained and the canals were instrumented and filled. Tooth 36 showed signs of previous insufficient root canal treatment and was retreated. At 12-month follow up, tooth 37 still occasionally caused discomfort but no pain on biting or chewing. The document discusses cracked tooth syndrome and different classifications of tooth fractures.
- Alveolar osteitis, commonly known as dry socket, is a painful inflammation of the jaw bone at the site of a recent tooth extraction characterized by pain and bad breath. It results from premature breakdown of the blood clot in the extraction socket.
- Risk factors include trauma during extraction, poor oral hygiene, smoking, use of oral contraceptives, and bacterial invasion of the socket.
- Treatment focuses on pain management through irrigation, placement of medicated dressings, analgesics, and occasionally antibiotics or laser therapy. Prevention emphasizes maintaining the blood clot through good oral hygiene and chlorhexidine use.
The document discusses endodontic surgery, including when it is indicated and the main types. It describes surgical drainage procedures like incision and drainage. It then covers periradicular surgery in more detail, outlining the steps of anesthesia and hemostasis, soft tissue management, hard tissue procedures like root-end resection and root-end filling, and post-surgical care. Key aspects of periradicular surgery covered include flap design, resection angle concepts, and root-end preparation and filling materials.
This document describes the technique of a Z-plasty, which is used in scar revision and correction of free margin distortion. A Z-plasty involves making triangular flaps to lengthen or change the direction of a scar. The key steps are carefully planning and drawing the Z-plasty, making precise incisions, widely undermining the tissue, and transposing the flaps. The degree of scar lengthening and directional change depends on the angle of the flaps, with larger angles resulting in greater effects. Z-plasties must be carefully designed to align with skin tension lines for optimal results. Case examples demonstrate how Z-plasties can correct problems like scar contractures and alar retraction.
Intraoperative lacrimal intubation to prevent epiphora as aDr. SHEETAL KAPSE
1) The study assesses the effectiveness of intraoperative lacrimal intubation to prevent epiphora resulting from injury to the nasolacrimal system after fractures of the naso-orbitoethmoid complex.
2) 19 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation for naso-orbitoethmoid fractures along with lacrimal intubation using silicone tubes, which were removed after 2-11 months.
3) The results showed that intraoperative lacrimal intubation successfully prevented permanent epiphora in all patients and offers greater benefits than omitting intubation.
This document discusses the principles of operative fracture management for open fractures. It defines open fracture classifications according to the Gustilo system and outlines approaches for emergency assessment, wound excision and debridement, antibiotic therapy, wound management, soft tissue coverage, fracture stabilization, and rehabilitation. The key goals are to prevent infection, promote soft tissue and bone healing without complications, and restore function of the injured extremity.
This document provides information about different types of biopsies. It defines a biopsy as a procedure to remove tissue or cells from the body for laboratory analysis. The main types discussed are excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy, punch biopsy, exfoliative cytology, aspiration biopsy and brush biopsy. Indications, procedures, advantages and disadvantages are described for each type. Potential dangers of biopsies mentioned include spreading infection, hemorrhage, infection, operative trauma and wounding of cancer tissue. The document serves to inform about various biopsy procedures.
Role of negative pressure wound therapy (V.A.C) in orthopaedicsJoydeep Mandal
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), also known as V.A.C. therapy, uses subatmospheric pressure to promote wound healing. It maintains a moist environment, removes excess fluid, and increases blood flow and granulation tissue formation. The document discusses the role of NPWT in treating open and infected wounds in orthopedics, including its mechanisms, indications, benefits, and two case studies showing improved wound healing with its use.
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 20TH PUBLICATION - IJADS
This document outlines principles of incision and wound closure in surgery. It discusses pre-operative planning, goals of re-establishing structure and giving a natural appearance. Key principles covered include following relaxed skin tension lines for scarring, maintaining hemostasis to allow a clear field, and approximating tissues without strangulation using appropriate suturing techniques and materials to eliminate dead space and properly tension the wound for healing. Systemic and local factors that can influence wound closure outcomes are also addressed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The antralpseudocyst originates from the accumulation of serous inflammatory exudate in the sinus membrane without a specific etiology, this cyst has not of age group or gender preference. Radiographically, it is associated with a soft dome-shaped radiopaque pattern. This case is about a male patient of 58 years of age, with increased volume in the malar and left genic region of smooth, fluctuating consistency, which crackles at the pressure. Intraorally with the corresponding increase in volume in the sac, without changes in the oral mucosa. The tomography showed a radiolucent lesion that occupies and destroys left jaw and orbital fl oor. Thus, complete enucleation of the lesion and reconstruction of adjacent structures were performed. Clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out without postoperative complications and 8 years free of injury. It is of vital importance a correct diagnosis to guide the treatment adequately, however it is not necessary to underestimate the behavior of benign lesions and described as non-invasive.
Hydatid cyst, caused by echinococcus granulosa, can produce tissue cyst everywhere in body. Skeletal cystic lesion is rare specially in long bones like femur and because of its unusual presentation, its diagnosis may easily be missed, unless be kept in mind. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation of the humans that can practically affect any part of the body. It commonly affects liver, lung and muscles. Bone hydatid is less common occurring in only 0.5–2% of cases and humans act as an intermediate host. In the patient evaluated by us, the plain x-ray showed multiple osteolytic lesions along the lower one third of the femur and the upper end of tibia.
46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome): Report of two different ...Apollo Hospitals
In 1955, Swyer first described two phenotypic women with
gonadal dysgenesis without the stigma of Turner syndrome
(46 XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, now known as Swyer syndrome). The chance of tumor development in Swyer syndrome is 20e30%. The most common tumor described is bilateral gonadoblastoma, but also seen are dysgerminoma and even embryonal carcinoma. Five percent of dysgerminomas are discovered in patients who are phenotypically females with abnormal gonads and 46 XY karyotye.
In this case report, we aimed to present a case with pure
gonadal dysgenesis who presented with complaints of primary amenorrhea and was detected to have bilateral dysgenetic gonads, 46, XY karyotype, as a rare cause of male pseudo-hermaphroditism.
This document provides an overview of implant usage in surgery. It defines an implant as a surgically inserted foreign material used to replace, support, or enhance a biological structure. The document then discusses implant classification, materials, indications, principles of usage, complications, emerging trends, and concludes that implants are invaluable for surgical therapy but not without risks, and an ideal implant has yet to be discovered.
The document discusses using Z-plasty techniques to treat post-burn scar contractures and pilonidal sinus. Z-plasty involves reorienting scar tissue to lengthen it and correct deformities. The author describes using Z-plasty on 10 cases of scar contractures and 5 cases of pilonidal sinus. It resulted in scar lengthening and zero recurrence of pilonidal sinus with less hospital stay compared to other techniques. The document concludes that Z-plasty is a versatile technique for general surgeons to manage linear scar contractures and pilonidal disease.
Basic Principles In The Management Of Soft Tissue Injuries of the FaceDJ CrissCross
This document discusses the basic principles for managing soft tissue injuries of the face. It covers the initial assessment of the patient including history and physical exam, wound exploration and decontamination, closure techniques, use of local anesthesia, antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis. Primary goals are repairing the tissue for optimal cosmetic and functional outcome while preventing complications like infection.
Journal Club on The clinical and radiographical characteristics of zygomatic ...Dr Bhavik Miyani
This document summarizes a study that compared the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery to treat zygomatic complex fractures and were treated either surgically or non-surgically. The study found that extraoral steps, intraoral steps, and malar depression were significantly more common in surgically treated patients. While non-surgically treated patients also sometimes had displaced fractures, studying this group could provide insight into developing better methods for determining appropriate treatment. The study recommends further research on non-surgically treated patients with zygomatic complex fractures.
This document discusses various techniques for gingival retraction during dental impressions for implants. It begins with introductions to implant dentistry and the need for gingival retraction during impressions. The document then compares the peridental and peri-implant tissues. It reviews the requirements and goals of gingival retraction as well as various retraction techniques including mechanical, chemomechanical, and surgical approaches. The document also discusses some recent advancements in gingival retraction techniques such as Expasyl, Magic Foamcord, and Gingitrac which aim to provide retraction with less trauma to tissues.
This document discusses techniques for closing midline laparotomy incisions. It recommends mass closure using continuous slowly absorbable monofilament sutures placed 5-8mm from the wound edge and 4-5mm apart. A suture length to wound length ratio of 4:1 or greater should be used to minimize complications like wound dehiscence and incisional hernia. Proper technique and suture material can reduce surgical site infections, wound failures, and hernia rates.
This document describes the endodontic treatment of a mandibular second molar (tooth 37) with acute irreversible pulpitis and cracked tooth syndrome, and the retreatment of an adjacent mandibular second molar (tooth 36) with chronic apical periodontitis. Tooth 37 exhibited signs and symptoms of cracked tooth syndrome including lingering pain upon testing and biting. Access was gained and the canals were instrumented and filled. Tooth 36 showed signs of previous insufficient root canal treatment and was retreated. At 12-month follow up, tooth 37 still occasionally caused discomfort but no pain on biting or chewing. The document discusses cracked tooth syndrome and different classifications of tooth fractures.
- Alveolar osteitis, commonly known as dry socket, is a painful inflammation of the jaw bone at the site of a recent tooth extraction characterized by pain and bad breath. It results from premature breakdown of the blood clot in the extraction socket.
- Risk factors include trauma during extraction, poor oral hygiene, smoking, use of oral contraceptives, and bacterial invasion of the socket.
- Treatment focuses on pain management through irrigation, placement of medicated dressings, analgesics, and occasionally antibiotics or laser therapy. Prevention emphasizes maintaining the blood clot through good oral hygiene and chlorhexidine use.
The document discusses endodontic surgery, including when it is indicated and the main types. It describes surgical drainage procedures like incision and drainage. It then covers periradicular surgery in more detail, outlining the steps of anesthesia and hemostasis, soft tissue management, hard tissue procedures like root-end resection and root-end filling, and post-surgical care. Key aspects of periradicular surgery covered include flap design, resection angle concepts, and root-end preparation and filling materials.
This document describes the technique of a Z-plasty, which is used in scar revision and correction of free margin distortion. A Z-plasty involves making triangular flaps to lengthen or change the direction of a scar. The key steps are carefully planning and drawing the Z-plasty, making precise incisions, widely undermining the tissue, and transposing the flaps. The degree of scar lengthening and directional change depends on the angle of the flaps, with larger angles resulting in greater effects. Z-plasties must be carefully designed to align with skin tension lines for optimal results. Case examples demonstrate how Z-plasties can correct problems like scar contractures and alar retraction.
Intraoperative lacrimal intubation to prevent epiphora as aDr. SHEETAL KAPSE
1) The study assesses the effectiveness of intraoperative lacrimal intubation to prevent epiphora resulting from injury to the nasolacrimal system after fractures of the naso-orbitoethmoid complex.
2) 19 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation for naso-orbitoethmoid fractures along with lacrimal intubation using silicone tubes, which were removed after 2-11 months.
3) The results showed that intraoperative lacrimal intubation successfully prevented permanent epiphora in all patients and offers greater benefits than omitting intubation.
This document discusses the principles of operative fracture management for open fractures. It defines open fracture classifications according to the Gustilo system and outlines approaches for emergency assessment, wound excision and debridement, antibiotic therapy, wound management, soft tissue coverage, fracture stabilization, and rehabilitation. The key goals are to prevent infection, promote soft tissue and bone healing without complications, and restore function of the injured extremity.
This document provides information about different types of biopsies. It defines a biopsy as a procedure to remove tissue or cells from the body for laboratory analysis. The main types discussed are excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy, punch biopsy, exfoliative cytology, aspiration biopsy and brush biopsy. Indications, procedures, advantages and disadvantages are described for each type. Potential dangers of biopsies mentioned include spreading infection, hemorrhage, infection, operative trauma and wounding of cancer tissue. The document serves to inform about various biopsy procedures.
Role of negative pressure wound therapy (V.A.C) in orthopaedicsJoydeep Mandal
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), also known as V.A.C. therapy, uses subatmospheric pressure to promote wound healing. It maintains a moist environment, removes excess fluid, and increases blood flow and granulation tissue formation. The document discusses the role of NPWT in treating open and infected wounds in orthopedics, including its mechanisms, indications, benefits, and two case studies showing improved wound healing with its use.
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 20TH PUBLICATION - IJADS
This document outlines principles of incision and wound closure in surgery. It discusses pre-operative planning, goals of re-establishing structure and giving a natural appearance. Key principles covered include following relaxed skin tension lines for scarring, maintaining hemostasis to allow a clear field, and approximating tissues without strangulation using appropriate suturing techniques and materials to eliminate dead space and properly tension the wound for healing. Systemic and local factors that can influence wound closure outcomes are also addressed.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The antralpseudocyst originates from the accumulation of serous inflammatory exudate in the sinus membrane without a specific etiology, this cyst has not of age group or gender preference. Radiographically, it is associated with a soft dome-shaped radiopaque pattern. This case is about a male patient of 58 years of age, with increased volume in the malar and left genic region of smooth, fluctuating consistency, which crackles at the pressure. Intraorally with the corresponding increase in volume in the sac, without changes in the oral mucosa. The tomography showed a radiolucent lesion that occupies and destroys left jaw and orbital fl oor. Thus, complete enucleation of the lesion and reconstruction of adjacent structures were performed. Clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out without postoperative complications and 8 years free of injury. It is of vital importance a correct diagnosis to guide the treatment adequately, however it is not necessary to underestimate the behavior of benign lesions and described as non-invasive.
Hydatid cyst, caused by echinococcus granulosa, can produce tissue cyst everywhere in body. Skeletal cystic lesion is rare specially in long bones like femur and because of its unusual presentation, its diagnosis may easily be missed, unless be kept in mind. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation of the humans that can practically affect any part of the body. It commonly affects liver, lung and muscles. Bone hydatid is less common occurring in only 0.5–2% of cases and humans act as an intermediate host. In the patient evaluated by us, the plain x-ray showed multiple osteolytic lesions along the lower one third of the femur and the upper end of tibia.
46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome): Report of two different ...Apollo Hospitals
In 1955, Swyer first described two phenotypic women with
gonadal dysgenesis without the stigma of Turner syndrome
(46 XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, now known as Swyer syndrome). The chance of tumor development in Swyer syndrome is 20e30%. The most common tumor described is bilateral gonadoblastoma, but also seen are dysgerminoma and even embryonal carcinoma. Five percent of dysgerminomas are discovered in patients who are phenotypically females with abnormal gonads and 46 XY karyotye.
In this case report, we aimed to present a case with pure
gonadal dysgenesis who presented with complaints of primary amenorrhea and was detected to have bilateral dysgenetic gonads, 46, XY karyotype, as a rare cause of male pseudo-hermaphroditism.
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland - A rare entity/ diagnostic dilemmaApollo Hospitals
Melanotic schwannoma of adrenal gland is very rare entity with
only two series and less than 100 cases reported in literature. We report a case of melanotic
schwannoma.
Clinical genetics is one of the most rapidly advancing fields in medicine. Spectacular progress has been achieved in this century with unravelling of the entire draft sequence of the human genome. A major contribution of these advances has been in diagnosis, management and prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders as treatment in most cases is difficult or impossible and where available beyond the means of most families. Genetic technology is advancing rapidly, bringing new, safer and more sensitive ways to diagnose genetic conditions pre- and postnatally. These advances will bring about profound changes in the way we deliver obstetric services to women and their families. Diagnosing a genetic disorder not only allows for disease-specific management options but also has implications for the affected individual's entire family. Hence, a working understanding of the underlying concepts of genetic disease is important for all practicing clinicians. Although it is impossible to know all aspects of clinical and molecular genetics, basic knowledge of certain topics is a must for all practicing obstetrician/gynecologists.
The Indian Consensus Document on Cardiac BiomarkerApollo Hospitals
Despite recent advances, the diagnosis and management of heart failure evades the clinicians. The etiology of congestive heart failure (CHF) in the Indian scenario comprises of coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. With better insights into the pathophysiology of CHF, biomarkers have evolved rapidly and received diagnostic and prognostic value. In CHF biomarkers prove as measures of the extent of pathophysiological derangement; examples include biomarkers of myocyte necrosis, myocardial remodeling,
neurohormonal activation, etc.
A patient with joint pains, skin changes and clubbingApollo Hospitals
Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare syndrome with variable clinical and radiological presentations such as joint pains and swelling, clubbing, seborrheic and thickened facial skin and hyperostosis. We present such a case of PHO who was previously diagnosed and treated as inflammatory polyarthritis.
Guidelines for the management of relapsed acute lymphoblasticApollo Hospitals
This document provides guidelines for the management of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. It discusses that while treatment advances have improved survival rates for initial childhood ALL to over 80%, approximately 20% of patients will experience relapse. The prognosis and treatment approach for relapsed ALL depends on factors like the time since initial diagnosis and site of relapse. Treatment aims to induce a second remission through chemotherapy, followed by either continued chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation depending on the risk group. High-risk patients benefit most from transplantation while stem cell transplantation remains controversial for intermediate-risk patients. The challenges in relapsed ALL management in limited resource settings are also addressed.
A young female presented to us with chest complaints of 10 months duration. Imaging was done which revealed fat attenuation mass lesion in the mediastinum occupying both
Accepted hemithoraces. Provisional differential diagnosis of giant teratoma, mediastinal thymoli-poma, large pleural lipoma or a pulmonary lesion with effusion was kept. Patient under-went surgery, mass was resected and the patient discharged in good condition.
Breast filariasis - A fine needle aspiration cytology report Apollo Hospitals
A 68-year-old female presented with a lump in her left breast. A fine needle aspiration of the lump was performed, which revealed numerous adult filarial worms and microfilaria. Microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti were seen, which is a parasite commonly causing lymphatic filariasis. While breast involvement by filariasis is rare, cytological examination of fine needle aspirates can aid in the diagnosis of extranodal filariasis and help guide treatment. The presence of the parasite on smears confirmed the diagnosis of filarial infection involving the breast in this patient.
Management of compound fracture tibia in children with titanium elastic nailsApollo Hospitals
Tibia fractures in the skeletally immature patient can usually be treated without surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of flexible titanium nails in the open fracture tibia that requires operative stabilization.
1. Open fractures occur when a broken bone pierces the overlying soft tissue, exposing the bone. The most common causes are motor vehicle accidents, motorcycle accidents, falls, and pedestrian injuries.
2. Treatment goals are to preserve life, limb, and function. This involves assessing for other injuries, stabilizing the patient, cleaning and debriding the wound, administering antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis, and stabilizing the fracture—often initially with external fixation.
3. Further debridement and irrigation is done in the operating room, followed by temporary stabilization. Definitive reconstruction and internal or intramedullary fixation is done later, once the risk of infection decreases. Close monitoring is
This document summarizes a journal article discussing the use of noncontact locking plates as an internal fixator for open fractures. Some key points:
- Open fractures involve communication between the external environment and fracture site, complicating treatment. Traditional fixation methods like plates and screws risk high infection rates.
- The study evaluated outcomes of using noncontact locking plates in 42 patients with open tibia or femur fractures. All fractures united within 19.7 weeks on average with minimal complications.
- Advantages of this technique include minimizing contact between implant and bone to reduce risks of infection, while still providing stable fixation comparable to traditional plating. The results were satisfactory compared to other studies.
Incisions in the neck, thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomyMahimaShrivastava6
Contoso Pharmaceuticals provides information on various neck surgeries and procedures:
- Thyroidectomy is the removal of the thyroid gland, often due to cancer or hyperthyroidism. Parathyroidectomy removes one or more parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid.
- Incisions in the neck must consider skin tension lines to reduce scarring. Vertical incisions better expose arteries while transverse incisions are cosmetically superior.
- Cricothyroidotomy establishes an airway during life-threatening airway obstruction. It can be performed with a needle or surgically by incising the cricothyroid membrane to insert a tube into the trachea.
-
The document discusses open fractures, providing details on epidemiology, classification, management principles, antibiotic treatment, wound irrigation and debridement. Open fractures commonly involve the fingers, tibia and distal radius, and result from high-energy trauma like vehicle accidents or falls. Immediate evaluation and treatment is needed, including antibiotics, wound cleaning, and splinting or stabilization to prevent infection while facilitating healing.
Surgical management of the failed airway a guide to percutaneous cricothyrotomyEmergency Live
Surgical Management Of the Failed Airway: A guide to precutaneous cricothyrotomy
Guidelines from Hoan E. Spiegel, MD
Assistant Professor
Beth Israel Ddeaconess Medical Center
Harvard medical School Boston, MS
Vipul Shah, MD
Western Washington Medical Group
Everett, Washington
The first-known mention of an attempted surgical airway, a tracheostomy, was depicted on Egyptian tablets as early as 3600 BCE. History has condemned the emergent surgical airway when it has failed, but when successful, the physicians who performed it have risen in esteem to become "on a footing with the gods".
Il 100 BCE, the Persian physician Asclepiades described in detail a tracheal incision for improving the airway. Yet most who advocated surgical approaches to the airway, including Asclepiades, were severely criticized. Vicq d'Azyr, a French surgeon and anatomist, first described cricothyrotomy in 1805. Emergent cricothyroidotomy /also known as cricothyrotomy, minitracheostomy, and high tracheostomy) became widely acknowledged and accepted in 1976 when Brantigan and Grow confirmed the relative safety of the procedure. A decade later, the Seldinger technique, a wire-over-needle procedure commonly used for intra-vascular cannulation, was adapted for use in obtaining both emergent and nonemergent surgical airways.
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2. Case Report
Closed plaster treatment of severe compound
injuries e A report and revisit
Pankaj Kumar*
Consultant Orthopaedic and Spine Surgeon, Apollo Reach Hospital, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh 505001, India
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 26 October 2012
Accepted 17 May 2013
Available online 10 June 2013
Keywords:
Crush injuries
Treatment
POP
a b s t r a c t
A crushed injury of limb was treated with closed plaster method and elaborating the
treatment protocol and follow-up. We should look behind the old treatment method again.
Copyright ª 2013, Indraprastha Medical Corporation Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The closed method has been known for nearly a century, and
the principles upon which it is based were known to Hippo-
crates, who stated that rest and immobilisation are of capital
importance in the treatment of wounds.
Billroth1
used plaster of Paris fixation with a window over
the wound and a no dressing. Ollier2
was the first to enclose
the wound completely in plaster. He treated 60 cases by his
occlusive method in the FrancoePrussian War, and described
his results in 1872. In 1881, Morisons3
of Newcastle-on-Tyne
strongly advocated large, firm dressings for wounds, to be
undisturbed for three to four weeks.
The closed treatment of wounds is based on sound prin-
ciples. The technique is exact and attention must be paid to
every detail if success is to be assured.
2. Principles upon which the method is based
A. Excision and surgical toilet: Primarily the object of early
excision of dead and devitalised skin, muscle, fascia etc, is
to get beyond the depth of penetration of bacteria and in
addition to remove dead tissue which would form an ideal
nidus for organisal growth. Dead muscle especially is an
ideal culture medium for the gas gangrene organisms. The
excision, thus, must be thorough and wide. The necessity
for removal of accessible foreign bodies, bits of cloth, etc.,
is obvious. Generally speaking, wounds seen up to 8 h of
infliction may be excised. When obvious infection is
already present, provision for drainage only should be
made, and no formal excision should be carried out.
B. Drainage: All parts of the wound must be left with free
access to the surface for the evacuation of discharges, and
* Tel.: þ91 (0) 9618123678 (mobile).
E-mail addresses: drpankaj06@yahoo.co.in, drpankaj06@gmail.com.
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apme
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 1 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 3 4 e1 3 6
0976-0016/$ e see front matter Copyright ª 2013, Indraprastha Medical Corporation Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2013.05.014
3. there must be complete freedom from tension in the
wound. Wide openings, with “saucerisation”, and efficient
packing with Vaseline gauze, so as to form a conical pack,
fill these requirements. Tubes and sutures should not be
used.
C. Immobilisation: This is essential for healing of fractures,
for repair of injured soft tissues, and for prevention of
pain. Plaster of Paris, applied, including the joint above and
below the wound is the best form of fixation.
No window is cut over the wound, as “window oede-
ma”occurs, and healing is delayed. Trueta and Barnes4
have
proved experimentally that bacteria and certain toxins
(including tetanus toxin) are absorbed from wounds into the
blood-stream via the lymphatics only. They are not absorbed
when the lymphatics are obstructed or when the limb is
completely immobilised in plaster. They have also shown that
flow of lymph from a limb is increased by movement, heat,
massage and oedema. All efforts in wound treatment, there-
fore, must be directed to the reduction of lymph flow from the
limb. Complete immobilisation by means of a well fitting
plaster and prevention of oedema by a vaseline pack. No
window in the plaster, adequate local drainage, and elevation
of the limb, effectively.
3. Contraindication
The method is not to be used:
A. When a vascular lesion is present or when the circulation
of the limb is in doubt. Gas gangrene organisms flourish in
dead or poorly nourished muscles. These cases must he
observed or a few days before applying plaster.
B. When there is any suspicion of true gas gangrene. If there
is the slightest doubt about the significance of gas bubbles
or any anxiety about the state of nutrition of the limb, it is
better not to use the closed plaster.
C. When there is so much contusion and crushing of the limb
that all devitalised tissue cannot possibly be excised and
there is risk of extensive necrosis subsequently,
D. In cases of severe multiple injuries, e.g. wounds of hu-
merus and chest, or of femur and abdomen, where a
plaster would interfere with the wounds on the trunk.
E. When extensive spreading cellulitis, e.g. Streptococcal or
anaerobic (B.welchii), cellulitis is present, plaster applica-
tion should be deferred until this has settled down.
4. Case report
A 7 years boy reported to the emergency department with his-
tory of playing near parking, when driver started the car his one
leg trapped inside the wheel of car and in hurry somebody tried
to pull his leg from the wheel of car. While pulling he got this
severe injuries. His leg and foot were crushed. He reported to
emergency department within 3 h of injuries with active
bleeding from wound and with hypovolemic shock. When we
examined the limb there was almost complete degloved lower
two third right leg with visible anterior two third of tibia and
fibula and anterior part of all bone of foot, visible all tendon
including all around the ankle joints and tendon anterior to foot
was lost, with novisible pulsationbut sole offoot was intact and
there was active bleeding from muscles. We corrected the
shock, and X-ray showed there were multiple fractures of
metatarsal bone and without fracture of tibia and fibula. We
planned for wound debridement and K-wire fixation of bone
and coverage of bone by the help of plastic surgeon. According
toplasticsurgeon itisnotpossible tocoverthe openvisiblebone
of leg and foot in one sitting. So he said, you try some other
means of modalities. Then we opt for closed plaster treatment
because we don’t have any other choice. We did wound
debridement and K-wire fixation of metatarsal of foot and
above knee POP cast application. K-wire removed at 6 weeks
interval. Initial first month we had removed the old cast and
reapplication POP cast at one week interval and from second
month fifteen day interval or when POP is soaked whichever are
early. After three month bone was completely covered with
granulation tissue. We did skin grafting. In follow-up, wound
was completely healed and child was completely walking with
near normal gait at the end of two years of follow-up (Fig. 1).
5. Discussion
Crush injuries of the limb are serious and can be difficult to
manage. These complex injuries often involve soft tissue and
osseous structures. Potentially devastating complications and
long-term sequelae can occur if these injuries are under-
estimated or mismanaged. Due to the high morbidity associ-
ated with crush injuries, prompt and meticulous care is
essential. Orr5
strongly condemns the closure of a wound
communicating’ with a compound fracture on the grounds that
in compound fractures generally it is virtually impossible to be
sure that a wound is clean and to close it up (by suture) after no
matter how thorough a mechanical cleansing and an antiseptic
sterilization is usually to close up no little potential infection.
Trueta6
advocates the closed method of treating war frac-
tures. This was carried out by him as follows: (a) Excision of the
all dead muscle and haematomata, (b) Reduction of the frac-
ture, (c) Drainage of the wound with absorbent gauze, (d)
Immobilization of the limb in plaster of Paris. By this means
every possible attempt is made to prevent the growth of or-
ganisms from the moment of wounding. The surgeon then has
much better opportunity to eliminate infection by excision and
debridement, even if undertaken well over the 8-h period.
It is realised that a better line of treatment would have
been immediate reduction of the fracture with a K-wire and
coverage of wound with appropriate soft tissue. Unfortunately
no such apparatus was available. Closed plaster method
depended for its efficiency on physical and physiological ef-
fects rather than its influence on the flora.
This article reviews the characteristics of plaster of Paris
and re-introduces the concept of tissue adaptation in
response to the application of plaster of Paris splints and
casts. Clinical examples of the use of plaster of Paris are dis-
cussed. Such question should lead the reader to use plaster of
Paris splinting or casting more often to solve clinical problem.
It is recommended that a consultation with colleagues should
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 1 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 3 4 e1 3 6 135
4. always be held if it is decided to amputate a limb. One may
conclude by stressing again the basic principle of adequate
drainage and complete immobilisation in using the closed
method; the importance of selecting cases and bearing mind
the few contraindications to the closed plaster meticulous
attention to detail in technique and after e care.
Conflicts of interest
The author has none to declare.
r e f e r e n c e s
1. Billroth. Clinical Surgery. London: The New Sydenham Society;
1881.
2. Ollier L. Congress medical de France; 1872:192.
3. Morison Rutherford. Surgical Contraindication. vol. 1, pp 2
and 11.
4. Trueta J, Barnes. British Med J. 1940 July 13:46.
5. Orr Vinnett. J Bone Joint Surg. 1928;10:605.
6. Trueta j. Treatment of War Wound and Fractures. Hamish
Hamilton; 1940.
Fig. 1 e a and b: Preoperative photograph. c and d: during POP application period. e :photograph during skin grafting. f and g:
after 3 months of skin grafting. h and i: photograph at the end of 2 years.
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e 1 1 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 3 4 e1 3 6136