This document provides information about various film editing techniques, including:
- Defining film editing and listing some early examples from the 1900s using physical film cuts.
- Explaining the concepts of montage and juxtaposition developed by Eisenstein and Kuleshov.
- Listing different types of cuts that can be used, like cuts, fades, and dissolves, and providing examples.
- Describing the four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial relationships and giving examples of each.
- Explaining techniques like the 180 degree rule and shot-reverse shot that help create continuity and identify the audience with characters.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2Sian England
This document provides information about various film editing techniques, including:
- Defining film editing and listing some early examples from the 1900s using physical film cuts.
- Describing the concepts of montage and juxtaposition developed by Eisenstein and Kuleshov.
- Listing different types of cuts that can be used like cuts, fades, and dissolves with examples.
- Explaining the four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial.
- Providing descriptions and examples of graphic, rhythmic, and temporal relationships.
- Defining the "Hollywood method" of continuity editing and why it became prevalent.
This document provides an overview of film editing techniques, including:
- Defining film editing and examples from early cinema using tricks and stop motion.
- Explaining montage and juxtaposition using examples from Rocky and Saving Private Ryan.
- Listing different types of cuts/edits like dissolves and wipes, using examples from films.
- Describing the four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial.
- Providing case studies on editing techniques from films like Inception, Shaun of the Dead, and Atonement through analyzing specific clips.
Pp!!!!film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2jeny_green
The document discusses the history and techniques of film editing. It defines film editing as combining different shots to create a cohesive narrative. Early filmmakers like Edwin Porter and Georges Méliès used simple editing techniques like cuts and dissolves due to technological limitations. Over time, editing became more sophisticated with techniques like montage, parallel editing, and shot reverse shot being used to convey meaning, create suspense, and develop characters. Continuity editing became prevalent in Hollywood to seamlessly integrate shots and maintain spatial relationships. More recently, intensified continuity editing has featured rapid cuts, close shots, and dynamic camera movements.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2paige moorby
In Harry Potter, the shots are generally temporally continuous through the use of matching on action. Some key ways the films create temporal continuity include:
- Cutting between shots at logical pause points in the action/dialogue to flow seamlessly from one moment to the next. For example, cutting from a wide shot of characters talking to a close-up as one finishes their line.
- Matching eye lines and gestures between shots to imply two shots are happening simultaneously or immediately consecutively. For example, a character looking off screen in one shot then cutting to what they are looking at.
- Using shot/reverse shot patterns in conversations to bounce between speakers, maintaining the real-time flow of the exchange.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2paige moorby
This document provides an overview of film and video editing techniques. It begins with definitions of film editing and examples of early film editing approaches. It then discusses the concept of montage and juxtaposition, listing different types of cuts/edits and their uses. The document also covers the four relationships between shots - graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial. Specific techniques like continuity editing, cross-cutting, point-of-view shots, and ellipses are defined and examples provided. Finally, the concept of "intensified continuity" is introduced to explain how continuity editing has evolved over time.
Pp!!!!film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2jeny_green
The document provides information on film and video editing techniques. It defines film editing as combining different shots to flow together and make a cohesive clip. It discusses early examples of film editing from 1903-1902. It also covers concepts like montage, juxtaposition, different types of cuts/edits, and the four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial. Examples are provided for many of the techniques.
This document provides information about various film editing techniques. It begins with definitions of film editing and examples of early editing methods. It then discusses concepts like montage and juxtaposition. The document lists different types of cuts and edits that can be used. It also outlines four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial. Examples are provided for each relationship. Additional topics covered include the Hollywood method of continuity editing, the 180 degree line, point-of-view shots, cross-cutting, ellipsis, and intensified continuity. The document concludes with instructions for a case study analyzing editing techniques in selected film clips.
The document provides information on various film editing techniques, including:
1) Early film editing involved cutting shots together to progress a story or please an audience. Pioneers like the Lumiere Brothers and George Melies experimented with combining shots in early cinema.
2) Montage and juxtaposition involve placing unrelated shots together to allow the audience to derive new meaning, as experimented with by Eisenstein and Kuleshov.
3) Continuity editing became prevalent in Hollywood to provide spatial and temporal continuity between shots through techniques like the 180 degree rule and shot reverse shot.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2Sian England
This document provides information about various film editing techniques, including:
- Defining film editing and listing some early examples from the 1900s using physical film cuts.
- Describing the concepts of montage and juxtaposition developed by Eisenstein and Kuleshov.
- Listing different types of cuts that can be used like cuts, fades, and dissolves with examples.
- Explaining the four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial.
- Providing descriptions and examples of graphic, rhythmic, and temporal relationships.
- Defining the "Hollywood method" of continuity editing and why it became prevalent.
This document provides an overview of film editing techniques, including:
- Defining film editing and examples from early cinema using tricks and stop motion.
- Explaining montage and juxtaposition using examples from Rocky and Saving Private Ryan.
- Listing different types of cuts/edits like dissolves and wipes, using examples from films.
- Describing the four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial.
- Providing case studies on editing techniques from films like Inception, Shaun of the Dead, and Atonement through analyzing specific clips.
Pp!!!!film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2jeny_green
The document discusses the history and techniques of film editing. It defines film editing as combining different shots to create a cohesive narrative. Early filmmakers like Edwin Porter and Georges Méliès used simple editing techniques like cuts and dissolves due to technological limitations. Over time, editing became more sophisticated with techniques like montage, parallel editing, and shot reverse shot being used to convey meaning, create suspense, and develop characters. Continuity editing became prevalent in Hollywood to seamlessly integrate shots and maintain spatial relationships. More recently, intensified continuity editing has featured rapid cuts, close shots, and dynamic camera movements.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2paige moorby
In Harry Potter, the shots are generally temporally continuous through the use of matching on action. Some key ways the films create temporal continuity include:
- Cutting between shots at logical pause points in the action/dialogue to flow seamlessly from one moment to the next. For example, cutting from a wide shot of characters talking to a close-up as one finishes their line.
- Matching eye lines and gestures between shots to imply two shots are happening simultaneously or immediately consecutively. For example, a character looking off screen in one shot then cutting to what they are looking at.
- Using shot/reverse shot patterns in conversations to bounce between speakers, maintaining the real-time flow of the exchange.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2paige moorby
This document provides an overview of film and video editing techniques. It begins with definitions of film editing and examples of early film editing approaches. It then discusses the concept of montage and juxtaposition, listing different types of cuts/edits and their uses. The document also covers the four relationships between shots - graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial. Specific techniques like continuity editing, cross-cutting, point-of-view shots, and ellipses are defined and examples provided. Finally, the concept of "intensified continuity" is introduced to explain how continuity editing has evolved over time.
Pp!!!!film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2jeny_green
The document provides information on film and video editing techniques. It defines film editing as combining different shots to flow together and make a cohesive clip. It discusses early examples of film editing from 1903-1902. It also covers concepts like montage, juxtaposition, different types of cuts/edits, and the four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial. Examples are provided for many of the techniques.
This document provides information about various film editing techniques. It begins with definitions of film editing and examples of early editing methods. It then discusses concepts like montage and juxtaposition. The document lists different types of cuts and edits that can be used. It also outlines four relationships between shots: graphic, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial. Examples are provided for each relationship. Additional topics covered include the Hollywood method of continuity editing, the 180 degree line, point-of-view shots, cross-cutting, ellipsis, and intensified continuity. The document concludes with instructions for a case study analyzing editing techniques in selected film clips.
The document provides information on various film editing techniques, including:
1) Early film editing involved cutting shots together to progress a story or please an audience. Pioneers like the Lumiere Brothers and George Melies experimented with combining shots in early cinema.
2) Montage and juxtaposition involve placing unrelated shots together to allow the audience to derive new meaning, as experimented with by Eisenstein and Kuleshov.
3) Continuity editing became prevalent in Hollywood to provide spatial and temporal continuity between shots through techniques like the 180 degree rule and shot reverse shot.
Film editing involves cutting different sections of footage together to progress the storyline. Early films around the late 1800s had shots lasting around 1 minute before cutting. Montage editing, developed by Sergei Eisenstein, involves juxtaposing shots to convey themes and meaning. There are various types of cuts like match cuts, cross cuts and jump cuts that edit different shots together based on action, location, or time. Continuity editing became prevalent in classical Hollywood cinema in the 1930s-40s to provide spatial and temporal continuity through techniques like the 180-degree rule and shot-reverse-shot.
Film editing involves cutting different footage sections together to form a sequence. Early films used longer 1-minute shots due to technology limitations, while modern films typically use 2-3 second shots. Sergei Eisenstein developed the concept of montage, juxtaposing shots to imply meanings and progress the story. Editing techniques like match cuts, cross cuts, and jump cuts manipulate time and space for narrative purposes, with the "Hollywood method" establishing spatial and temporal continuity through techniques like 180-degree lines and shot-reverse-shot.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2Chris Bailey
This document discusses various aspects of early film production and editing techniques. It begins by asking questions about pioneers of filmmaking in the late 19th and early 20th centuries like Thomas Edison and the Lumiere Brothers. It then provides examples of early film productions and screenings. The document discusses characteristics of early films like static shots, poor lighting and framing. It also lists some examples of early film editing techniques and the effects of the limitations of early film. Finally, it discusses different relationships in film editing related to graphics, rhythm, time and space.
Film editing has evolved significantly since early films. Early films used long continuous shots due to technology limitations, but editing techniques later developed like montage to progress the story without irrelevant footage. Key techniques include match cuts, jump cuts, and cross cuts. Editing also aims to maintain spatial and temporal continuity through techniques like shot reverse shot and the 180-degree rule. Parallel editing and intensified continuity further advanced storytelling by showing simultaneous events or quick cuts between shots. Overall, editing has become more sophisticated to immerse viewers in complex narratives.
Film editing has evolved significantly since early films. Early films used long continuous shots due to technology limitations, but editing techniques later developed like montage to progress the story without irrelevant footage. Editing establishes relationships between shots through time, space, picture, and rhythm. The 'Hollywood method' of continuity editing became prevalent as it helped audiences follow the story through consistent angles. Parallel editing and shot-reverse-shot are effective techniques that show simultaneous or related events. Editing techniques like fades and ellipses imply jumps in time without explicitly showing them. Modern editing has become more rapid through 'intensified continuity.'
This document discusses various editing techniques used in filmmaking, including cuts, dissolves, jump cuts, match cuts, parallel editing, match on action, montages, and wipes. It provides definitions and examples of each technique. It also discusses how to analyze editing techniques for an editing analysis essay, including defining techniques, explaining examples, and assessing why editors use certain techniques and their effects on the audience.
The document discusses the history and techniques of film and video editing. It begins with early pioneers like Edison and explores developments in the silent film era under directors like D.W. Griffith. Key techniques discussed include shot variation, narrative techniques like parallel editing, and the transition to sound film. The document also contrasts analog and digital editing workflows and how techniques have evolved with technology over time.
1. The document discusses editing techniques used in filmmaking to tell a story through sequenced shots rather than a single continuous shot. It explains how editing relies on the psychological concept of "gestalt" where the audience mentally fills in missing information between shots.
2. Various editing techniques are defined, like cuts, fades, dissolves, and jump cuts. The frequency and pace of cutting affects the perceived speed of a scene. Slow, minimal editing can create tension, while rapid cutting can reflect a disoriented mental state.
3. Manipulating time through selective inclusion of shots and extended pacing (elliptical editing) helps tell a story concisely while still conveying necessary information through implied missing content.
The document discusses techniques in film editing, providing examples from early films. It defines editing as connecting two shots into a sequence. Early filmmakers like the Lumiere Brothers used single, unedited shots while Georges Méliès used plot and editing. Sergei Eisenstein developed montage editing. The document also covers cut types, relationships between shots, and continuity editing techniques like 180 degree rule and shot reverse shot. Intensified continuity refers to faster cutting pace in modern films to engage audiences. As a case study, the document analyzes editing in the Avengers film using parallel cutting and jump cuts between characters.
Editing is the process of modifying raw footage to create a narrative for the final product. It involves techniques like chronological and non-chronological ordering, establishing shot continuity, and using transitions. The 180-degree rule and shot-reverse-shot are important principles for smooth editing. Digital editing software has made the process simpler compared to analogue editing. Smartphone apps now allow amateur editors to create professional-looking videos using their mobile devices.
This document provides information on film and video editing techniques. It defines film editing and describes concepts like montage and juxtaposition. It lists different types of cuts and edits that can be used, including examples, and discusses relationships between shots. It also defines continuity editing and the Hollywood method. The document analyzes a scene from Inglorious Bastards to demonstrate spatial relationships and the use of cross-cutting/parallel editing.
Single camera techniques are commonly used in film and television productions due to their cost effectiveness. Some examples given include the sitcom Modern Family, which uses a single camera to interview characters, and Calvin Harris' music video for "This Is What You Came For" featuring Rihanna, which uses a single stationary camera. The document discusses some advantages of single camera productions such as easier editing and more space usage, as well as some disadvantages like potential continuity errors and time consumption. It also provides an analysis of the 2008 horror movie Quarantine, noting its found footage style filmed with a single stationary camera contributes to its sense of realism and tension.
The document discusses the development and principles of film editing. It explains that early films had very long takes with few cuts, but editors like Robert Paul started adding more shots and cuts to tell more complex stories. Continuity editing became popular, with rules like the 180-degree rule to make scenes seem seamless. Editing techniques continued developing, with innovations like montage to manipulate time and emotion. French New Wave broke conventions, using jump cuts. Pioneers like Ridley Scott and Peter Jackson expertly used editing, sound, and visual effects to immerse audiences in scenes.
Learning outcome 1 - Understand the development and principles and editingCharlotte Jean
Auguste and Louis Lumière developed one of the first motion picture cameras called the cinématographe in 1895 in France. While their early films consisted of single, unedited shots due to limitations in technology, directors that followed experimented with editing techniques. D.W. Griffith pioneered editing techniques like cutting and splicing film strips to assemble shots in a particular order for his films. Sergei Eisenstein further advanced the use of montage, or intentional sequencing of shots, to convey meaning. Modern directors like David Fincher can edit digitally, allowing for advanced effects, easy re-shooting, and non-linear editing.
The document discusses various techniques of continuity editing used to create a smooth narrative flow for audiences. It defines continuity editing as aiming to make scenes look continuous through various filming rules and techniques. Some key techniques discussed include match cuts to show one continuous action, shot reverse shot for conversations, and eye line matching to follow a character's line of sight. The purpose of continuity editing is to orient the viewer and establish character placements smoothly.
The Lumière brothers were early French pioneers of filmmaking. In 1895, they held the first public screening of projected motion pictures in Paris, showing 10 short films including their first film "Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory." D.W. Griffith was an influential American film director in the early 20th century, known for pioneering new editing techniques and directing seminal films like The Birth of a Nation. Sergei Eisenstein was a pioneering Soviet film director and theorist known for his silent films including Strike, Battleship Potemkin, and October, which used montage to convey meaning. David Fincher is an acclaimed American filmmaker known for dark, stylish thrillers like Seven, Fight Club, and
Film Language: Editing explanation examples and worksheets. Ian Moreno-Melgar
A long and detailed look at what editing is in Film and how it helps to not only present a story to the audience but how it functions on a technical level. The presentation is broadly split into two areas: Pace and Transitions. Each section contains a definition, a range of examples (many of which are gifs and videos which obviously won't play on here) and some activities for students to engage with.
The document discusses different types of film editing techniques. It describes editing as the process of selecting and joining shots together to create a finished film. A skilled film editor must be able to tell a story through editing and guide the film through post-production. Editing techniques discussed include continuity editing to smoothly flow scenes together, the 180 degree rule for camera placement, match on action cuts, and shot-reverse-shot editing for conversations. Other techniques covered are elliptical, graphic, parallel, and montage editing. Common transitions between shots like cuts, fades, dissolves, wipes, and irises are also explained.
1. Editing is the stage in filmmaking where sound and images are organized and assembled to construct a narrative. It is how filmmakers communicate a story to audiences through techniques like cuts, transitions, and special effects.
2. Continuity editing aims to create a sense of reality and smooth progression of time through techniques like matching shots, maintaining the 180-degree rule, and eye-line matching between shots. This style of editing is meant to be "invisible" and not draw attention to itself.
3. Other editing techniques include cross-cutting between parallel scenes to build tension, using inserts to emphasize specific actions, implementing different transitions and speeds of time, and manipulating factors like character shot allocation and special effects.
Film editing has evolved significantly over time. Early films used long continuous shots due to technology limitations, but editing techniques soon developed to combine multiple shots. Montage editing cuts between short shots to advance themes without irrelevant footage. Juxtaposition contrasts shots for effect. Continuity editing maintains spatial and temporal coherence for viewers. Intensified continuity uses rapid cutting for action and attention. Editing establishes relationships between shots through graphic matches, rhythmic flow, spatial orientation, and temporal progression.
There are several key techniques involved in editing video and film. Editing pieces together raw footage in a logical order to tell a story or convey a message. Some essential techniques include continuity editing to maintain consistency between scenes, match cuts to smoothly transition between related actions, and shot reverse shot to alternate between two characters in a conversation. The history of editing began with early films being single static shots but evolved with pioneers like Edwin Porter and D.W. Griffith developing new techniques like cutting between multiple storylines. Analog editing involved physically cutting and splicing tape, while digital editing now uses software.
Film editing involves cutting different sections of footage together to progress the storyline. Early films around the late 1800s had shots lasting around 1 minute before cutting. Montage editing, developed by Sergei Eisenstein, involves juxtaposing shots to convey themes and meaning. There are various types of cuts like match cuts, cross cuts and jump cuts that edit different shots together based on action, location, or time. Continuity editing became prevalent in classical Hollywood cinema in the 1930s-40s to provide spatial and temporal continuity through techniques like the 180-degree rule and shot-reverse-shot.
Film editing involves cutting different footage sections together to form a sequence. Early films used longer 1-minute shots due to technology limitations, while modern films typically use 2-3 second shots. Sergei Eisenstein developed the concept of montage, juxtaposing shots to imply meanings and progress the story. Editing techniques like match cuts, cross cuts, and jump cuts manipulate time and space for narrative purposes, with the "Hollywood method" establishing spatial and temporal continuity through techniques like 180-degree lines and shot-reverse-shot.
Film and video editing techniques template 2014 v2Chris Bailey
This document discusses various aspects of early film production and editing techniques. It begins by asking questions about pioneers of filmmaking in the late 19th and early 20th centuries like Thomas Edison and the Lumiere Brothers. It then provides examples of early film productions and screenings. The document discusses characteristics of early films like static shots, poor lighting and framing. It also lists some examples of early film editing techniques and the effects of the limitations of early film. Finally, it discusses different relationships in film editing related to graphics, rhythm, time and space.
Film editing has evolved significantly since early films. Early films used long continuous shots due to technology limitations, but editing techniques later developed like montage to progress the story without irrelevant footage. Key techniques include match cuts, jump cuts, and cross cuts. Editing also aims to maintain spatial and temporal continuity through techniques like shot reverse shot and the 180-degree rule. Parallel editing and intensified continuity further advanced storytelling by showing simultaneous events or quick cuts between shots. Overall, editing has become more sophisticated to immerse viewers in complex narratives.
Film editing has evolved significantly since early films. Early films used long continuous shots due to technology limitations, but editing techniques later developed like montage to progress the story without irrelevant footage. Editing establishes relationships between shots through time, space, picture, and rhythm. The 'Hollywood method' of continuity editing became prevalent as it helped audiences follow the story through consistent angles. Parallel editing and shot-reverse-shot are effective techniques that show simultaneous or related events. Editing techniques like fades and ellipses imply jumps in time without explicitly showing them. Modern editing has become more rapid through 'intensified continuity.'
This document discusses various editing techniques used in filmmaking, including cuts, dissolves, jump cuts, match cuts, parallel editing, match on action, montages, and wipes. It provides definitions and examples of each technique. It also discusses how to analyze editing techniques for an editing analysis essay, including defining techniques, explaining examples, and assessing why editors use certain techniques and their effects on the audience.
The document discusses the history and techniques of film and video editing. It begins with early pioneers like Edison and explores developments in the silent film era under directors like D.W. Griffith. Key techniques discussed include shot variation, narrative techniques like parallel editing, and the transition to sound film. The document also contrasts analog and digital editing workflows and how techniques have evolved with technology over time.
1. The document discusses editing techniques used in filmmaking to tell a story through sequenced shots rather than a single continuous shot. It explains how editing relies on the psychological concept of "gestalt" where the audience mentally fills in missing information between shots.
2. Various editing techniques are defined, like cuts, fades, dissolves, and jump cuts. The frequency and pace of cutting affects the perceived speed of a scene. Slow, minimal editing can create tension, while rapid cutting can reflect a disoriented mental state.
3. Manipulating time through selective inclusion of shots and extended pacing (elliptical editing) helps tell a story concisely while still conveying necessary information through implied missing content.
The document discusses techniques in film editing, providing examples from early films. It defines editing as connecting two shots into a sequence. Early filmmakers like the Lumiere Brothers used single, unedited shots while Georges Méliès used plot and editing. Sergei Eisenstein developed montage editing. The document also covers cut types, relationships between shots, and continuity editing techniques like 180 degree rule and shot reverse shot. Intensified continuity refers to faster cutting pace in modern films to engage audiences. As a case study, the document analyzes editing in the Avengers film using parallel cutting and jump cuts between characters.
Editing is the process of modifying raw footage to create a narrative for the final product. It involves techniques like chronological and non-chronological ordering, establishing shot continuity, and using transitions. The 180-degree rule and shot-reverse-shot are important principles for smooth editing. Digital editing software has made the process simpler compared to analogue editing. Smartphone apps now allow amateur editors to create professional-looking videos using their mobile devices.
This document provides information on film and video editing techniques. It defines film editing and describes concepts like montage and juxtaposition. It lists different types of cuts and edits that can be used, including examples, and discusses relationships between shots. It also defines continuity editing and the Hollywood method. The document analyzes a scene from Inglorious Bastards to demonstrate spatial relationships and the use of cross-cutting/parallel editing.
Single camera techniques are commonly used in film and television productions due to their cost effectiveness. Some examples given include the sitcom Modern Family, which uses a single camera to interview characters, and Calvin Harris' music video for "This Is What You Came For" featuring Rihanna, which uses a single stationary camera. The document discusses some advantages of single camera productions such as easier editing and more space usage, as well as some disadvantages like potential continuity errors and time consumption. It also provides an analysis of the 2008 horror movie Quarantine, noting its found footage style filmed with a single stationary camera contributes to its sense of realism and tension.
The document discusses the development and principles of film editing. It explains that early films had very long takes with few cuts, but editors like Robert Paul started adding more shots and cuts to tell more complex stories. Continuity editing became popular, with rules like the 180-degree rule to make scenes seem seamless. Editing techniques continued developing, with innovations like montage to manipulate time and emotion. French New Wave broke conventions, using jump cuts. Pioneers like Ridley Scott and Peter Jackson expertly used editing, sound, and visual effects to immerse audiences in scenes.
Learning outcome 1 - Understand the development and principles and editingCharlotte Jean
Auguste and Louis Lumière developed one of the first motion picture cameras called the cinématographe in 1895 in France. While their early films consisted of single, unedited shots due to limitations in technology, directors that followed experimented with editing techniques. D.W. Griffith pioneered editing techniques like cutting and splicing film strips to assemble shots in a particular order for his films. Sergei Eisenstein further advanced the use of montage, or intentional sequencing of shots, to convey meaning. Modern directors like David Fincher can edit digitally, allowing for advanced effects, easy re-shooting, and non-linear editing.
The document discusses various techniques of continuity editing used to create a smooth narrative flow for audiences. It defines continuity editing as aiming to make scenes look continuous through various filming rules and techniques. Some key techniques discussed include match cuts to show one continuous action, shot reverse shot for conversations, and eye line matching to follow a character's line of sight. The purpose of continuity editing is to orient the viewer and establish character placements smoothly.
The Lumière brothers were early French pioneers of filmmaking. In 1895, they held the first public screening of projected motion pictures in Paris, showing 10 short films including their first film "Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory." D.W. Griffith was an influential American film director in the early 20th century, known for pioneering new editing techniques and directing seminal films like The Birth of a Nation. Sergei Eisenstein was a pioneering Soviet film director and theorist known for his silent films including Strike, Battleship Potemkin, and October, which used montage to convey meaning. David Fincher is an acclaimed American filmmaker known for dark, stylish thrillers like Seven, Fight Club, and
Film Language: Editing explanation examples and worksheets. Ian Moreno-Melgar
A long and detailed look at what editing is in Film and how it helps to not only present a story to the audience but how it functions on a technical level. The presentation is broadly split into two areas: Pace and Transitions. Each section contains a definition, a range of examples (many of which are gifs and videos which obviously won't play on here) and some activities for students to engage with.
The document discusses different types of film editing techniques. It describes editing as the process of selecting and joining shots together to create a finished film. A skilled film editor must be able to tell a story through editing and guide the film through post-production. Editing techniques discussed include continuity editing to smoothly flow scenes together, the 180 degree rule for camera placement, match on action cuts, and shot-reverse-shot editing for conversations. Other techniques covered are elliptical, graphic, parallel, and montage editing. Common transitions between shots like cuts, fades, dissolves, wipes, and irises are also explained.
1. Editing is the stage in filmmaking where sound and images are organized and assembled to construct a narrative. It is how filmmakers communicate a story to audiences through techniques like cuts, transitions, and special effects.
2. Continuity editing aims to create a sense of reality and smooth progression of time through techniques like matching shots, maintaining the 180-degree rule, and eye-line matching between shots. This style of editing is meant to be "invisible" and not draw attention to itself.
3. Other editing techniques include cross-cutting between parallel scenes to build tension, using inserts to emphasize specific actions, implementing different transitions and speeds of time, and manipulating factors like character shot allocation and special effects.
Film editing has evolved significantly over time. Early films used long continuous shots due to technology limitations, but editing techniques soon developed to combine multiple shots. Montage editing cuts between short shots to advance themes without irrelevant footage. Juxtaposition contrasts shots for effect. Continuity editing maintains spatial and temporal coherence for viewers. Intensified continuity uses rapid cutting for action and attention. Editing establishes relationships between shots through graphic matches, rhythmic flow, spatial orientation, and temporal progression.
There are several key techniques involved in editing video and film. Editing pieces together raw footage in a logical order to tell a story or convey a message. Some essential techniques include continuity editing to maintain consistency between scenes, match cuts to smoothly transition between related actions, and shot reverse shot to alternate between two characters in a conversation. The history of editing began with early films being single static shots but evolved with pioneers like Edwin Porter and D.W. Griffith developing new techniques like cutting between multiple storylines. Analog editing involved physically cutting and splicing tape, while digital editing now uses software.
Editing involves piecing together scenes and footage to tell a story or message in a logical order. There are various techniques editors use such as continuity, match cuts, parallel editing, and establishing shots using different camera angles. The history of editing began with one continuous shot films and evolved with pioneers like Edwin Porter and D.W. Griffith introducing concepts like cutting between scenes and different shots. Editing advanced further with sound, techniques like montages, and the introduction of analogue editing machines.
This document discusses various editing techniques used in video and film production. It covers purposes of editing like storytelling and how editing can change time, space and interpretation. Specific techniques covered include match cutting, shot-reverse-shot, jump cuts, parallel editing, continuity editing and the 180-degree rule. Examples are provided from films like The Shining, Silence of the Lambs, and Fast and Furious 7 to illustrate how different techniques can be applied.
This document discusses various aspects of editing, including:
1. Editing involves joining separate shots together and adding/removing effects, graphics, sound, time, framing and establishing shots.
2. There are different cinematography techniques used in editing like match cuts, short reverse shots, and reaction shots.
3. Transitions like fades, dissolves, and wipes are used to join scenes, and continuity and montage editing styles are discussed.
Editing involves organizing film footage and using techniques like continuity, non-continuity, cutting, and transitions to craft a coherent narrative for the audience. Some key techniques include shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, jump cuts, cross cutting, action match, parallel editing, and cutaways. The editor aims to effectively communicate the story through these various editing strategies.
Editing involves organizing film footage and using techniques like continuity, non-continuity, cutting, and transitions to craft a coherent narrative for the audience. Some key techniques include shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, jump cuts, cross cutting, action match, parallel editing, and cutaways. The editor aims to effectively communicate the story through these various editing strategies while maintaining or disrupting continuity as fits the filmmaker's intent.
Editing involves organizing film footage and using techniques like continuity, non-continuity, cutting, and transitions to craft a coherent narrative for the audience. Some key techniques include shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, jump cuts, cross cutting, action match, parallel editing, and cutaways. The editor aims to effectively communicate the story through these various editing strategies.
Editing involves organizing film footage and using techniques like continuity, non-continuity, cutting, and transitions to craft a coherent narrative for the audience. Some key techniques include shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, jump cuts, cross cutting, action match, parallel editing, and cutaways. The editor aims to effectively communicate the story through these various editing strategies while maintaining or disrupting continuity as fits the filmmaker's intent.
The document discusses various cinematography and editing techniques used in filmmaking, including:
1) The 180-degree rule, which dictates that the camera stays on one side of an imaginary axis connecting characters in a scene to avoid confusing the audience.
2) Eye line matching, which cuts from a character's gaze off-screen to the object they are looking at to involve the audience.
3) Establishing shots, which set the scene by showing the location and relationships between objects and characters from a wide angle.
4) Continuity editing techniques like shot reverse shot and matching on action are used to smoothly transition between shots and maintain logical coherence for the audience.
Video editing involves rearranging and combining video shots to tell a story in a coherent manner. The key purposes of editing include storytelling, controlling pace, combining different shot types, and following conventions like the 180-degree rule for continuity. Specific editing techniques discussed are match cuts, shot reverse shots, fade ins and outs, and using speed changes like slow motion for dramatic effect and fast motion for comedy. Proper editing sequences shots smoothly and makes the edits invisible so the audience follows the narrative.
Editing is the process of organizing film shots into a narrative sequence. Films are typically not shot in chronological order, so editing is necessary to piece the story back together. There are various editing techniques like continuity, montage, shot-reverse-shot, and transitions that can be used to clearly convey space, time, and meaning to the audience. Effective editing ensures the narrative is coherent and engages the viewer in the intended way.
This slideshow is about the topic editing used in media. I have created slides with information and images representing editing and what editing is. Please open the slideshow to see the information and facts I have research and found out about on editing.
Film editing is the process of assembling shots into a coherent narrative. An editor shapes the raw film material and reorders shots to tell a specific story and elicit emotive responses from audiences. Effective editing makes the construction of the film seem "invisible" and engages viewers in the story. Editing has evolved greatly from its early origins, utilizing techniques like shot variation, manipulation of time, and different editing styles to immerse audiences in cinematic worlds.
Editing as an Art Form- Style and StoryClass RequirementsThis .docxbudabrooks46239
Editing as an Art Form- Style and Story
Class Requirements
This class requires that students purchase the book Adobe Premiere Pro CC: Classroom In a Book by Adobe Creative Team (Official training workbook from Adobe Systems) prior to the next class. BE SURE YOU HAVE THE BOOK AND HAVE INSTALLED THE VIDEO FILES BEFORE YOU START UNIT 3.
Once you have your book, transfer (download) the video files. If you buy the regular version of the book it will include a DVD containing the video files you will need for the course. If you purchase the Kindle (or other online) version, it will include a link to download the video files.
NOTE: If you are downloading the video asset files rather than transferring them from the DvD included with the paperback version of the book, you will need to register your book online, go to the Registered Products tab, click on Access Bonus Content, and then download all the files. The current version has a download link for Lesson Files as well as sixteen (16) Assets file links - or possibly more, since they seem to keep adding assets files! You need to download all of these and then organize them on your hard drive as indicated on the Peachpit Downloads Page! (Yes, it's probably a lot simpler if you buy the book and just copy everything from the DvD disc -- the files on the DvD are already organized, so if transferring from the DvD there is no additional file organization step needed.)
You should also take this week to buy and install the Adobe Premiere Pro Software if you have not already done so. You may want to go ahead and install and open the program in order to familiarize yourself with the interface. More information can be found on the syllabus.
Next week’s class will introduce the editing basics of the software. Take this week to download and install the software and copy (/download) the media files so that your computer is already prepared when you begin Unit 3 next week!
Editing Tools
The process of editing has changed drastically since the beginning of filmmaking. The example films discussed in Unit 1 were edited using quite a different system than we use today. Before digital filmmaking was possible, all movies were shot on film. The film was literally cut into pieces and taped back together. So at one time it was very important to be sure of an edit before it was made. Each individual edit was a process and therefore a specific choice.
With the advent of digital editing platforms, or Non Linear Editing Systems (NLE), it is now much easier for editors to make an endless amount of changes to a film and always be able to revert back to the original clips. It is very easy to take for granted the incredible ability that non linear editing offers filmmakers today. But it is important to understand the changes that have occurred within the editing industry in order to more accurately analyze films from a variety of time periods.
As mentioned above, in this class we will be editing with Adobe Premiere Pro. With th.
Film editing techniques like continuity editing, cross-cutting, and non-continuity editing are crucial for telling a story in film and television. Continuity editing creates a smooth sequence within a scene, while cross-cutting cuts between two scenes happening simultaneously to show their connection. Non-continuity editing includes flashbacks and montages; flashbacks provide context, and montages can convey the passage of time concisely. Jump cuts also advance time but may disorient viewers if not used carefully. These editing techniques shape narrative and guide audience understanding.
This document provides definitions and examples for key editing terms used in film and media production. It discusses concepts like continuity editing, the 180 degree rule, match cuts, shot reverse shot, eye line matching, and cross cutting. It also covers insert shots, cutaways, pace, time manipulation techniques, transitions, and special effects. Examples are provided to illustrate editing techniques like continuity, shot reverse shot conversations, and the building of tension through cross cutting. Students are asked to analyze their understanding of the terms and provided with homework to revise all media language terms in preparation for a test.
Film editing involves selecting shots from raw footage and combining them into a finished motion picture. Early developments included in-camera editing by Alfred Hitchcock and following the action with moving camera shots. The purposes of film editing include telling stories through techniques like continuity, engaging viewers, managing pace, and following genre conventions. Key editing techniques include seamless cuts, continuity, motivated shots, montages, and transitions between scenes.
The document provides definitions and examples for key editing terms used in film and media production. It discusses concepts like continuity editing, the 180 degree rule, match cuts, shot reverse shot, eye-line matching, cross-cutting, insert shots, cutaways, pace, time manipulation, transitions, special effects, and montage editing. Videos are embedded as visual examples to demonstrate techniques like the 180 degree rule, match cuts, and transitions.
The document discusses film techniques such as the 180-degree rule, match action editing, and shot reverse shot. It also summarizes the filmmaker's preliminary video project, noting issues with lighting continuity, abrupt transitions, and shaky camerawork that need improvement. Research is presented on analyzing two-minute openings of films and how they introduce characters, drama, and genre through techniques like cross-cutting, symbolism, music, and contrasts.
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The document provides a template to help evaluate a project by summarizing strengths and areas for improvement. It suggests praising specific strengths and finding specific areas that could be improved if redoing the project. It also asks whether the final product reflects original intentions, how well images were constructed, how text was used to anchor images, if the product is suitable for its intended audience, and what techniques were liked and disliked.
Digital graphics evaluation pro forma (1)Sian England
The document provides guidance for evaluating a graphic narrative project. It instructs the user to provide specific details about their work, including written and visual examples. It also prompts the user to identify strengths and areas for improvement. The user should compare their original plans to the final product and reflect on how well they constructed images, used text, and ensured their product was suitable for the intended audience. The template suggests adding additional slides as needed and deleting any blank slides before submission.
The original Little Red Riding Hood story is summarized in 3 sentences:
Little Red Riding Hood is sent by her mother to bring custard and butter to her ill grandmother. On the way, she meets the wolf who tricks her by saying he will get there first. The wolf arrives at the grandmother's house before Little Red Riding Hood and eats the grandmother after she lets him in by his trick of imitating Little Red Riding Hood's voice.
The document summarizes the original story of Little Red Riding Hood. It describes how Little Red Riding Hood's mother sends her to bring custard and butter to her ill grandmother. On the way, Little Red Riding Hood meets the wolf who tricks her by saying he will arrive at her grandmother's house first. He gets there before her and eats the grandmother. When Little Red Riding Hood arrives, the wolf pretends to be the grandmother until he eats Little Red Riding Hood as well.
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2. + Provide a simple definition of what film editing is
Film editing is the process of merging shots to create a
sequence. Editing is used differently in every film. Some forms
of editing are used to create different meaning and others are
used to tell a story.
3. + Can you list some examples of early film editing? Think
about the different ways that film makers could combine
shots using the technology of the time. Include
weblinks/images where necessary
Film editing started in the late 1800’s with experimentation from people like
George Melies and Edwin S. Porter. When creating a film, the film makers
would cut the shots within the camera, by stopping cranking at the end of the
shot, and would move props/people, and then start cranking again for the next
shot. This was seen in films such as Life of an American Fireman (1903) and
The Great Train Robbery (1903). Also, a lot of films were edited through the
film makers physically cutting the pieces of film and sticking them back
together. This was used for a long time until digital editing came around.
4. + Describe the concept of ‘montage’ and juxtaposition
[remember Eisenstein and Kuleshov] and give an
example
The concept “montage” is used within editing which is putting shots together
which move the theme of the film forward as well as the action. This was
created by Sergei Eisenstein to create new meanings within the film. This could
be shown in a film where there is a new storyline developing, which would be
classed as “montage”, as it is moving the theme of the film along. Juxtaposition
is used within film to create different meaning through shots being placed in a
certain order. Lev Kuleshov discovered this when the same shot of a man
facing the camera, expressionless, and when edited with different images, then
created different meaning, even though the original image never changed.
Therefore this would lead the audience to believe that the original image is
showing different emotions after each shot.
5. + List the types of cut/edit you can use and provide an
example of each on in use
Cuts are used within editing to create an instant transition between shots or
scenes. An example of cuts are shown in this video –
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBOuqyqmtJk
Fade outs are used in editing where the screen goes darker. This is usually used
at the end of the video. A fade out is seen at the end of this video –
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBOuqyqmtJk
Fade ins are used in editing where the screen goes lighter. This is usually seen at
the beginning of the video. A fade in is seen at the beginning of this video -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdF41Ne2cnQ
Dissolves are used within editing, where the end of one shot is superimposed
over the beginning of the next shot. This is shown in this video -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTPctDhOCzE
Another example of editing is a wipe. A wipe is a moving boundary line which
crosses the screen, causing one shot to push the other off the screen. This is
shown in this video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuGtgmTEmk0
6. + Below, list the four relationships between shots
• Editing and Graphic Relationships (Picture)
• Editing and Rhythmic Relationships (Rhythm)
• Editing and Temporal Relationships (Time)
• Editing and Spatial Relationships (Space)
7. + For GRAPHIC relationships provide a description and examples of it’s
usage [with a weblink to a sequence on YouTube and still frames where
necessary – you may add more slides if you need to]
Graphic relationships usually show images that are intended to create some form
of pictorial continuity. This is usually through the use of similar movements from
shot to shot, and similar elements in each shot. Also, there tends to be no colour
clashing. However, images may be edited to create pictorial contrast. This is
usually through bold colour clashing, and opposite movement from shot to shot.
An example of graphic relationships is seen in the film Dead Zone
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8lT2AsFysA) There are lots of examples of
pictorial continuity and pictorial contrast. For example, there are shots from the
hospital room, which is a dark, bland colour. The scene then cuts to shots of the
child’s bedroom, which is full of bright colours, as well as the shot showing lots of
fire, which fills lots of the frame. This creates lots of pictorial contrast in the scene.
8. + For GRAPHIC relationships provide a description and examples of it’s
usage [with a weblink to a sequence on YouTube and still frames where
necessary – you may add more slides if you need to]
Also, there is examples of pictorial continuity in this scene. As the
main character is visualising the house burning down, he turns to
face away from the nurse. This then cuts to the character laid in
the same position, but in the child’s room. The character then
turns back to the nurse and faces the child’s room multiple times.
This is an example of continuity as the main subject is almost
exactly the same in two different locations.
9. + For RHYTHMIC relationships provide a description and examples of it’s
usage [with a weblink to a sequence on YouTube and still frames where
necessary – you may add more slides if you need to]
Rhythmic relationships involve the editing of the clips in a
rhythmic succession, by adjusting their screen duration. Within a
film, there may be examples of long or short takes, or a mixture of
the two, which then contributes to the tempo or pace of a scene.
Within films, there is usually faster takes in dramatic fight scenes,
where cuts need to be made to show different angles. The fast
pace of fight scenes are reflected in the editing of the film,
through using shorter takes. An example of this is shown in
Bourne Legacy
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz7BWN7hzJE). This has lots
of short takes, which is used to reflect the pace of the scene.
10. + For RHYTHMIC relationships provide a description and examples of it’s
usage [with a weblink to a sequence on YouTube and still frames where
necessary – you may add more slides if you need to]
However, in some films, longer takes are used to create a tense
atmosphere, which is usually common in conversations between
people in films. An example of this is from 500 Days Of Summer
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGaztzbzTpg) . The duration
of each shot lasts around 11-12 seconds, which is very slow in
comparison to the fight scene in Bourne Legacy, where each shot
was around 1 second long. This is used to create different moods
and atmospheres within movies.
11. + For TEMPORAL relationships provide a description and examples of it’s
usage [with a weblink to a sequence on YouTube and still frames where
necessary – you may add more slides if you need to]
Temporal relationships within editing relate to dimensions of time
with time being extended or contracting time through editing. This
can be through the use of flash forwards or flash backs. A
flashback is seen in this clip from The Usual Suspects
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8j_pRofOp4) . This usually
happens when a character is telling a story or remembering
something. In this example, the character is telling a story, and the
screen flashes back and starts to show what happened at that
time. This helps the audience to see that time has changed and
gives them a better understanding of the backstory and what has
happened to get them there.
A flash forward can be seen in this clip from Terminator 2
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mg7qKstnPk) . This is
showing the possibility of what may have happened in the future if
the storyline turned out differently. This helps the audience to
understand the impact that certain outcomes in the film have.
12. + Define the ‘Hollywood method’ of continuity editing and why it
became so prevalent…
The ‘Hollywood method’ of continuity editing involves spatial
relationships, which relate to the 180 degree line, POV and
identification and cross cutting. This are all ways of creating a
smooth flow from shot to shot within a film, which establishes a
sense of space. This became so prevalent because technology
started to develop around the 1930’s/40’s, which meant that film
makers wouldn’t have to focus as much on getting the shot in a
certain way, which meant they could focus more on the narrative
and editing, so they could edit the film together in different ways
which would smooth the scene out and create a better storyline.
13. + Provide a description of a scene where the 180 degree line has
been used, how does it provide spatial continuity/discontinuity?
The 180 degree line is used to create space within a scene. This
involves the action in a scene taking place behind an imaginary
line, which means the camera positions will not cross that line.
This allows for establishing shots, breakdowns, shot/reverse shot,
re-establishing shot, continuity of space and action and eyeline
matches. This helps the audience to understand the position of the
characters in the scene, as if the camera position frequently
moved, then it would look like the characters were stood next to
each other, as opposed to opposite each other. An example of the
180 degree line is shown in this clip
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB2CNr692RE) . In this clip,
the same character is talking to himself, but it is edited using the
180 degree line, which helps to show the conversation, as if there
are two different characters in the scene. This helps to create
some space in the scene and helps the scene to flow more
smoothly, as there is no confusion as to where the characters are
placed in the shots.
14. + POV and identification – explain how we are invited to identify
with a character through POV and shot reverse shot
Within editing, some shots show the point of view of a character,
through a ‘shot-reverse shot’ sequence. This would be shown
through shot 1 showing a character looking at something. Shot 2
would show the thing that the character was looking at. In some
cases, the film maker may return to the first shot which creates
identification with the character. An example of this is in the film
Psycho (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LcSwRtLx-Y). This
shows the character, Marion, packing a bag and leaving with the
money. In this clip, it shows Marion looking towards something,
which is then followed by a shot of the money, and then
occasionally, the next shot will be her again. This has been done
to show her point of view. This has been repeated throughout the
scene, which shows the audience that Marion is very
apprehensive and scared about the consequences of running
away with the money. This helps the audience to understand the
feelings/thoughts of the character.
15. + Provide a definition of cross-cutting/parallel editing, what is so
effective about this technique? Where might a director use it?
Cross cutting/parallel editing is where there are cuts places to
show action between two or more locations. This is usually
used to show different storylines, but is also used to create
dramatic effects. This is an effective technique as this is a
simple way to show different aspects of the storyline, which
helps to give the audience more understanding of the storyline
and back story. A director may use it to show flashbacks in a
film. This would be used to show the back story to what is
currently happening, which would help the audience to
understand what is happening, therefore, reducing confusion
for the audience. An example of this
16. + What is Ellipsis? Select an example and explain how it
works…
An ellipsis is used in films to create a gap in time from the films narrative. This
can be created by using an editing transition such as a fade, dissolve, wipe, jump
cut or a change of scene. This is used throughout films to show that some time
has passed between shots, which helps to move the story on and to help the
audience understand what is happening. An example of this is from 2001: A
Space Odyssey, where a bone is thrown into the air which then is cut to a shot of
a space station. This graphic match helps the audience to understand that time
has passed and that there is a change of location.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mI3s5fA7Zhk)
17. + What is meant by the term ‘intensified continuity’? Why do you
think continuity editing has developed in this way?
The term ‘intensified continuity’ is the way continuity editing has developed
since the start of film editing. In the 1930s-1960s, most films consisted of 300-
500 shots, but today, contemporary feature films may have over 2000 shots,
with action films containing 3000 or more shots. Action films tend to have faster
paced scenes, which causes the extra shots.
I think that continuity has developed in this way as it is much easier today to
edit films and to cut any unwanted shots out of the film, than it was in the
1930’s. The process that was used in the 1930’s, which involved physically
cutting the film up and placing it back together, would take a lot longer than it
would today. Also, it would be more difficult to fix the film after making any
mistakes whilst cutting it, whereas now, it is much easier to go back and fix any
mistakes. As well as the editing, there is a huge difference in the cameras used
to film, which would effect the amount of shots used in films. In the 1930’s, a
huge camera was used and usually was always shooting a long shot. However
today, the cameras are much smaller which means you can easily move the
camera to create a different angle or shot, which allows for different methods of
editing and can help to move a story on more smoothly.
19. +
Free choice case study
Your individual case study should describe the development of
editing in film and aim to highlight the different aspects of
editing discussed in the lecture [with examples]
You should select at least 2 different examples/clips to discuss
– you should include links to these and use still images to
support your arguments
Use the questions listed on the next slide to start your
investigations
20. +
Questions to ask
When any two shots are joined, you can ask several questions:
1. How are the shots graphically continuous or discontinuous?
2. What rhythmic relations are created?
3. Are the shots spatially continuous? If not, what creates the
spatial discontinuity? [Cross-cutting? Ambiguous cues?] If the
shots are continuous, how does the 180-degree system
create the continuity?
4. Are the shots temporally continuous? If so, what creates the
continuity? [e.g. matches on action?] If not, what creates the
discontinuity?
21. +
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of
Azkaban
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doxxfXqpKYA
In this scene there is an example of the 180 degree line being used in a
conversation between Professor Lupin and Neville. The camera always stays at
the same side during their conversation, which has been used to reduce any
confusion for the audience, which helps them to understand the positions of the
characters in the shots.
Also, there is use of graphic continuity in this scene as the camera moves
towards the mirror, but then is cut to a shot of the camera moving towards the
character. This creates a graphic match, which helps to make the scene run a
lot smoother. There is also slight graphic matches throughout this scene, as
when the boggart changes from something scary to something funny, it is
usually quite similar graphically.
Shot/Reverse shot is used in this scene quite frequently. One example is when
Professor Lupin is teaching the class to say ‘ridiculous’, where there is a shot of
him saying it, which then switches to the class saying it, then back to him. This
creates identification with that character.
22. +
Captain America: Civil War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ccey7IJLCM
In this clip, the 180 degree line is used when Bucky looks down and sees that Captain
America is running towards the helicopter. This has been used to show the spatial
relationships between the two characters. This also helps the audience, as it helps them
understand where each character is in the scene.
Also, the shots are fairly long in this clip. This is quite unusual for a film of this genre, as
they usually tend to have really fast shots during the fight scenes. However, in this clip,
longer takes have been used. This has been done to create tension for the audience, as
they are unsure of what is going to happen to Captain America.
The shots used in this clip are graphically continuous as they are all shot in the same
location with the same characters.
There are some POV shots used in this clip, especially where the helicopter hits the
ground. We see the POV of Captain America, when the blades are coming towards him.
This is also used to create tension for the audience, as they get to see exactly what the
character is seeing. This is an effective method of editing, as they feel as though they are
actually in the situation that the character is in, which makes the audience feel more
involved with the movie.