Fiestas del invierno1
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This document provides information about winter holidays and traditions in Spanish-speaking cultures. It discusses foods like Mexican hot chocolate, stuffed turkey, and turron. It also describes Christmas plants like poinsettias, New Year's Eve traditions of eating grapes at midnight and wearing red underwear for luck. Other winter traditions mentioned include buñuelos, Dia de los Santos Inocentes pranks, eating rosca de reyes cake on Three Kings Day, and Spain's massive Christmas lottery called El Gordo.
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Día de los Muertos is a traditional Mexican holiday celebrated every year from November 1st to 2nd to honor and remember loved ones who have died. It involves building altars with photos and items belonging to the deceased as well as marigolds, bread, fruit, and candles. Skeleton figurines and skulls made of chocolate and sugar are also common symbols of the holiday meant to celebrate life and death. The traditions are observed in Mexico as well as areas of the United States with large Mexican populations.
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Spain is located in Southwestern Europe, occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula. Madrid is the capital. The official language is Spanish. The people are known as Spaniards and most are Catholic. Spanish culture places strong emphasis on family, with Sunday reserved for family time. Traditional Spanish cuisine features tapas, paella, gazpacho soup, and tortilla española omelette. Christmas and Three Kings Day are major winter holidays celebrated with families and religious traditions.
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2) On Christmas Eve, families have a special dinner called le réveillon before opening presents, and on Christmas Day they have another large meal that usually lasts all afternoon.
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In Spain, Christmas begins on December 22nd with the traditional Christmas lottery. Families celebrate with nativity scenes and decorate small fir trees. Large, colorful Christmas trees and lights are displayed in streets. On Christmas Eve, families have dinner together which usually includes turkey, shrimp, and desserts like nougat and marzipan. They then attend midnight mass, which commemorates when animals witnessed Jesus' birth. On January 6th, children leave their shoes out hoping to find gifts left by the Three Wise Men. Families eat a traditional bun decorated with candied fruits to symbolize the jewels worn by the Three Wise Men.
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Spain is located in Southwestern Europe, occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula. It borders Portugal to the west and France to the northeast. Spain's official language is Spanish and its capital and largest city is Madrid. Some key aspects of Spanish culture discussed in the document include the importance of family, the tradition of the midday siesta, and Spain's influential cuisine such as paella, tapas, and gazpacho soup. Major Christian holidays like Christmas and Three Kings Day are celebrated with meals, gifts, and religious traditions. Regional cultures also influence holidays, with figures like Olentzero in the Basque Country and the pooping log in Catalonia.
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Christmas traditions in Spain center around spending time with family. Some key traditions include decorating streets and homes late in November, the national lottery draw on December 22nd marking the start of celebrations, and families gathering on Christmas Eve for a large meal that usually includes turkey. On January 6th, Three Kings Day, children receive gifts brought by the Three Wise Men during celebrations that can include parades. Throughout the holiday period, there is a focus on special foods like turron nougat and eating 12 grapes at midnight on New Year's Eve.
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Christmas in Spain has both Christian and pagan influences. There are many special days celebrated around Christmas, including Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, New Year's Eve, and Epiphany on January 6th. The Spanish Christmas lottery held each year on December 22nd is also very important culturally. Families exchange gifts on Christmas Eve and January 6th to commemorate the Three Wise Men. Traditional Spanish Christmas foods include seafood, pork, turkey, sweets like turrón and marzipan, and drinks like wine and cider.
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In Spain, Christmas is celebrated with public feasting and decorations in the streets. Preparations start early as people go shopping and decorate their homes. The nativity scene is an important symbol seen in public squares and houses. Christmas lottery draws are also a big tradition. The traditional Christmas Eve meal is enjoyed with family, and gifts are opened on Epiphany on January 6th. People celebrate the midnight service by walking the streets with music and celebrating well into the night.
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1) Christmas traditions in France include decorating streets with lights, visiting Christmas markets, eating special foods like chestnuts and mulled wine, and celebrating religious holidays like Saint Nicholas Day and Christmas Eve.
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Spanish Christmas celebrations last from December 1st through January 6th. Families put up lights and Christmas trees on December 1st. On December 24th, families have a seafood and roast lamb dinner together and sing carols. They exchange gifts and eat 12 grapes at midnight on New Year's Eve for good luck in the new year. On January 5th, there are parades welcoming the Three Wise Kings, who throw sweets to people and leave presents for children.
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The document discusses Spanish traditions and culture. It provides details about:
1) Common Spanish traditions such as eating 12 grapes at midnight on New Year's Eve, Three Kings Day on January 6th, Carnival celebrations in February, Holy Week in April, and festivals in May-September.
2) Important aspects of Spanish culture such as its rich literary heritage from famous Spanish authors and poets like Federico Garcia Lorca, whose works like "Romancero Gitano" and "Poeta en Nueva York" have greatly influenced Spanish and world literature.
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Spain has a total area of 504,782 km2 and borders France, Portugal, and Andorra. Some of Spain's most famous festivals include Holy Week, the Running of the Bulls in Pamplona, and the tomato fight in La Tomatina. Spanish culture is known for flamenco, bullfighting, and the works of artists Picasso, Dalí, and Gaudí.
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Argentina has a varied climate ranging from subtropical in the north with rain year-round to sub-arctic in the southern Tierra del Fuego region. The central area has a temperate climate that can be hot and humid in the summer. Common clothing includes lightweight fabrics in the north and warm clothing in the south. Some traditional Argentine clothing includes ponchos, alpargatas shoes, and leather jackets. Families tend to be nuclear with children often living near parents. Responsibility for childrearing falls mostly on women. Beef consumption is high and popular dishes include empanadas and milanesas. Football is the national sport and tango dancing is a popular social activity. Major holidays include New Year
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This document defines key programming concepts used in Python including programs, debugging, editors, stages, sprites, pixels, comments, parameters, dot notation, syntax, casting, strings, integers, variables, lists, data types, nesting, loops, if statements, indexes, functions, events, and refactoring. It provides brief 1-2 sentence definitions for each term to concisely explain their meaning in the context of Python programming.
Codesters
This document provides an introduction to coding and the Codesters coding platform. It explains that coding is a fundamental literacy that impacts how we understand the world, and that coding allows students to be creative problem solvers. The document then outlines the core reasons for teaching coding, including critical thinking, literacy, citizenship, and career opportunities. It introduces the Codesters coding environment and how it allows students to get feedback on their programs. Students are then instructed to create their first program and share it with others. The document encourages signing up for a free Codesters account and walking through creating a screen name and accessing lesson plans to understand how the platform works from both a student and teacher perspective.
Dia de los muertos
This document provides information about the Mexican holiday Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead). It discusses how the holiday is celebrated from October 31st to November 2nd to honor deceased loved ones. Families build altars with photos, foods, and items representing their passed family members. Traditional symbols featured include calaveras (skeleton figures), cempazuchitl flowers, pan de muertos bread, and sugar skulls. The origins of the holiday traditions are explained.
Bullfighting
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Robotics
This document provides definitions and information related to robotics. It defines robotics as an interdisciplinary field involving engineering, science, and computer science. It discusses early robots like Leonardo da Vinci's mechanical knight from 1495. The word "robot" was coined in 1920 from the Czech word for labor. The document also defines key robotics concepts like autonomous robots, sensors, infrared light, LEDs, and programming robots using EdWare and Python. It provides information about robotics education and competitions like RoboCup.
Scratch
This document introduces Scratch, an open-source programming platform maintained by MIT that uses a drag-and-drop interface to create programs. It describes Scratch's interface which includes sprites, blocks palette, stage, and scripts area. It also outlines the problem-solving process in computer science of understanding the problem, planning a solution, carrying out the plan, and reviewing; and proposes three introductory Scratch projects - animating a name, using broadcasting between sprites, and game design.
Scratch
Scratch is an open-source programming platform maintained by MIT that allows users to program interactive stories, games, and animations. It uses a drag-and-drop block programming language and sprites to bring projects to life on the stage. This document introduces Scratch and provides an overview of its interface and programming blocks before outlining three introductory projects: animating a name, using broadcasting between sprites to tell a story, and designing a game.
Problem solving
This document discusses problem solving and various computer science concepts like sorting algorithms. It begins by describing George Pólya's classic work "How to Solve It" which outlines a process for problem solving including understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and reviewing the solution. It then provides definitions and examples for computer programs, binary number systems, and different types of sorting algorithms like quicksort, bubblesort, and mergesort. Interactive examples for quicksort and bubblesort are also included.
Do now
The document discusses image file formats like PNG, GIF and JPG and how to insert image tags into HTML. It introduces the <img> tag and explains that it specifies the image source, alternative text and style. Students are instructed to add image tags in different formats to their code and discuss resizing images and challenges of inserting image tags.
Social media
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Computer Hardware
The document introduces basic computer hardware components. It defines the processor as the brain of the computer and lists common types. It explains that RAM is used for temporary storage and comes in static or dynamic forms. It describes the operating system as the most important program that controls the computer and allows other programs to function. It defines the hard drive as the component where permanent storage of files and data occurs on spinning disks coated with magnetic material.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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