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This document summarizes Erin Whitlow's field project at Emerald Bay, which explored the area's geology. It describes how tectonic plate movement 2 million years ago formed the Tahoe basin, and glaciers 10,000 years ago carved out Emerald Bay. Samples were collected of granite formed during mountain building, sandstone containing quartz, ferns representing early vascular plants, and lodgepole pine representing modern gymnosperms. It also describes how snowmelt water erodes the landscape over time.
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DEPOSITION
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Mass Movement
Any one of several processes that move sediment downhill.
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Landslide
- occurs when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope.
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Rills
- tiny grooves in the soil.
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River
- a large stream
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2nd – vegetation
3rd – type of soil
4th – shape of the land
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May occur where a river meets an area of rock that is very hard and erodes slowly.
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A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.
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Is the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
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Occurs where the agents of erosion lay down sediment.
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Any one of several processes that move sediment downhill.
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- 1. Field Project Emerald Bay By: Erin Whitlow GEL 103
- 2. Background • 2 million years ago there was a shift in tectonic plates, and the Tahoe basin sank between the Sierra crest and the Carson range. • 10 thousand years ago glaciers formed at the highest elevation on the north, west, and south sides. • The movement of the glaciers is what formed what we now call emerald bay. ("History of tahoe," )
- 3. Granite • Granite is an igneous rock made up of crystallized minerals from felsic magma. • Consists of potassium, feldspar, plagroclase, and quartz. • Granite is the most common plutonic rock. • This granite was formed during the Mountain building of the Sierra crest. • A normal fault can be seen near the top. (Monroe & Wicander, 2012)
- 4. Sandstone • Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. • It is created when detrital sedimentary rock made of solid particles of sand is compacted over time and becomes sandstone. • This sandstone has a line of quartz going through it. (Monroe & Wicander, 2012)
- 5. Fern • The fern is classified as a seedless vascular plant. • They evolved from non-vascular then vascular seedless. • They evolved during the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. • They have a flagellated sperm that must swim through water to get to the egg. • The vascular plants could grow taller than non-vascular because they could transport food and water more efficiently. (Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Mino rsky & Jackson, 2011)
- 6. Lodge Pole Pine • The lodge pole pine is a conifer and classified as a gymnosperm. • They evolved from non-vascular, then seedless vascular, and finally seed plants. • The seed plants evolved pollen and ovules, so they no longer needed water to reproduce. • They evolved when the Carboniferous changed into the Permian period because the drier conditions favored the seed plants. (Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky & Jackson, 2011)
- 7. Water Outlet • This water is snow melt from the top. • The water is making it’s way down the mountain and eroding the land. • Overtime this water has a very strong effect on the landscape and can erode the rock into sediment where it can then be compacted and start the process all over again.
- 8. References • Monroe, J., & Wicander, R. (2012). The changing earth exploring geology and evolution. (6th ed.). Belmon, CA: Brooks/Cole. • Reece, J., Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S., Minorsky, P., & Jackson, R. (2011). Campbell biology. (9th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. • History of tahoe. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_detail • All photos are taken by author