The presentation provides an overview of fiber optic sensor technology, detailing classifications, functions, and key types, notably the Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor and the fiber optic gyroscope. Fiber optic sensors use optical fiber for sensing, with extrinsic sensors modulating signals outside the fiber, while intrinsic sensors rely on changes within the fiber's characteristics. The Mach-Zehnder sensor is known for extreme sensitivity, while the gyroscope operates on the Sagnac effect to measure orientation.

1. FIBER OPTIC SENSORS
This presentation presents an overview of fiber optic sensor
technology ,basic classifications of optic sensors, the basic
functions of optical fiber sensors and also discusses the two
important fiber optic sensors , namely the Mach - Zehnder
interferometric fiber sensor and the fiber optic gyroscope.

2.  The field of measurement and instrumentation and
particular sensor development is one of that has expanded
rapidly in recent years.
 The need of high quality sensors to be integrated into
measurement and control system is clear.
 In parallel with rapid advance in the development of
sensors based on micro electronics, those based on optical
techniques have expanded significantly over last few
years.
INTRODUCTION

3. FIBER OPTIC SENSOR
 A fiber optic sensor is a sensor
that uses optical fiber as the
sensing element.
 The basic components are
simple. Light is taken to
modulation region using a fiber
and modulated there by physical
or chemical phenomena and
modulated light is transmitted
back to a receiver; detected and
demodulated
The fiber optic sensor

4. EXTRINSIC FIBER OPTIC SENSOR
 Extrinsic fiber sensors are the ones
where the light signal modulation
occurs outside the optical fiber
and are delivered by optical fiber,
the light transmission depends on
the alignment of the fiber cores i.e.
input fiber core and the output
fiber core.
 The light is detected by a light
detector, any deviation of fiber
pair from perfect alignment is
immediately sensed by the
detector.
The extrinsicfiber optic sensor

5. INTRINSIC FIBER OPTIC SENSOR
 In intrinsic sensors the
physical parameter changes
some characteristic of the
propagating light beam
that is sensed. here the
optical fiber itself works as
transducer only a simple
source and a detector is
used.
The intrinsicfiber optic sensor

6. IMPORTANT FIBER SENSORS
The Two important types of fiber sensors are :-
Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Sensor
&
Fiber Optic Gyroscope

7. Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Sensor
 Mach-Zehnder interferometer is
the most sensitive arrangements
for a optic sensor used when
extreme sensitivityis required.
 A collimated beam is passed
through a fiber optic coupler
which splits the beam in two equal
amplitudes.
 The two beams are then passed to
second mirror, through two arms
the output from the second mirror
enter the two detectors where
they are sense and detected. The Mach-Zehnderinterferometric
sensor

8. Fiber optic gyroscope
 The principle of operation of fiber
optic gyroscope is based on sagnac
effect. It senses the orientation,
performing the function of a
mechanical gyroscope.
 Due to sagnac effect, the beam
travelling against the rotation
experiences a slightly shorter path
delay than the other beam, the time
taken by the beams are different. This
difference in phase shift results in
change of intensity which is measured
through interferometer.
The Fiber opticgyroscope

9.  A brief overview of fiber optic sensors and its types
are given this presentation.
 The major two types of optic sensors viz., the Mach-
Zehnder interferometric sensor and the fiber optic
gyroscope are also discussed.
Conclusion

10.  Fiber optic sensor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optic_sensor
 Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MachZehnder_interfero
meter
 Fiber optic gyroscope
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_optic_gyroscope
References