IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
PROTECTION OF MICROGRID FROM HIGH IMPEDANCE FAULT USING DIFFERENTIAL RELAYijiert bestjournal
As source of traditional energy is vanishes day by day,importance of microgrid increasing very effectively. In traditional generation and transmission of electrical power we have to rely on frequency and generation of power but in case of microgrid we have to depend on whether condition. Managing these systems to change of atmospheric condition becomes challenging . All study going on all over world related to microgrid protection of microgrid is one of them. Micro grids can either operate connected to the grid,or in the case of a grid fault,in an islanded mod e. Effect of high impedance fault is studied in this paper,by taking help of Matlab - Simulink�s SimPower Systems . We model a microgrid containing mix of renewable DG and one dispatch able source,we then simulate the HIF fault at one of the bus in both gri d - connect and island modes and analyze fault currents and voltage levels in order to determine how the protection scheme of the distribution network would need to be changed to facilitate microgrid functionality. We show that standard protection methods ar e insufficient and propose the use of digital relays which is different from traditional system.
A STUDY OF POWER SAVING TECHNIQUE IN WIRELESS NETWORKScscpconf
Much research on wireless networks have focused on the power consumption of the wireless
nodes, while at the same time how to acquire power from ambient environment is another
direction to extend the battery lifetime. Though, mostly extending the lifetime of WSNs rely on
making the electronic circuitry power efficient by incorporating advances in node architecture,
transceivers, access protocols and on finite energy sources like batteries. In contrast, WSNs
Powered by Ambient Energy Harvesting can also prove to be useful and economical in the longterm
as they can operate for very long periods of time until hardware failure, because ambient
energy can be harvested from the environment perpetually. Although cellular networks account
for a rather small share of energy use, lowering their energy consumption appears beneficial
from an economical perspective. In the strive for lessening of the environmental impact of the
information and communication industry, energy consumption of communication networks has
recently received increased attention. The paper discusses the various techniques for increasing
the life of WSNs.
Frequency Scanning Techniques for Subsynchronous Resonance Screening AnalysisHardik Parikh, E.I.T.
Abstract—Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) is a well known
phenomenon that is observed in the conventional energy
generation and wind farm sites. SSR is more prone to generation sites that are directly connected to the series compensated transmission lines. Series compensation is required to improve the voltage profile and reduce transmission losses of the transmission lines. The work presented here aims to highlight the potential causes, the system configurations and the methods that are used to identify SSR. The main focus of the poster is to outline frequency scan techniques that are based on the small
signal perturbation method. The analysis generally employs
Electro Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP). This technique
provides the spectrum of frequency response to resistance and reactance. Finally, based on that we deduce the damping
provided by the system, and thereby the SSR risk to the project.
Optimal Siting And Sizing Of Distributed Generation For Radial Distribution S...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
An adaptive protection scheme to prevent recloser-fuse miscoordination in dis...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
PROTECTION OF MICROGRID FROM HIGH IMPEDANCE FAULT USING DIFFERENTIAL RELAYijiert bestjournal
As source of traditional energy is vanishes day by day,importance of microgrid increasing very effectively. In traditional generation and transmission of electrical power we have to rely on frequency and generation of power but in case of microgrid we have to depend on whether condition. Managing these systems to change of atmospheric condition becomes challenging . All study going on all over world related to microgrid protection of microgrid is one of them. Micro grids can either operate connected to the grid,or in the case of a grid fault,in an islanded mod e. Effect of high impedance fault is studied in this paper,by taking help of Matlab - Simulink�s SimPower Systems . We model a microgrid containing mix of renewable DG and one dispatch able source,we then simulate the HIF fault at one of the bus in both gri d - connect and island modes and analyze fault currents and voltage levels in order to determine how the protection scheme of the distribution network would need to be changed to facilitate microgrid functionality. We show that standard protection methods ar e insufficient and propose the use of digital relays which is different from traditional system.
A STUDY OF POWER SAVING TECHNIQUE IN WIRELESS NETWORKScscpconf
Much research on wireless networks have focused on the power consumption of the wireless
nodes, while at the same time how to acquire power from ambient environment is another
direction to extend the battery lifetime. Though, mostly extending the lifetime of WSNs rely on
making the electronic circuitry power efficient by incorporating advances in node architecture,
transceivers, access protocols and on finite energy sources like batteries. In contrast, WSNs
Powered by Ambient Energy Harvesting can also prove to be useful and economical in the longterm
as they can operate for very long periods of time until hardware failure, because ambient
energy can be harvested from the environment perpetually. Although cellular networks account
for a rather small share of energy use, lowering their energy consumption appears beneficial
from an economical perspective. In the strive for lessening of the environmental impact of the
information and communication industry, energy consumption of communication networks has
recently received increased attention. The paper discusses the various techniques for increasing
the life of WSNs.
Frequency Scanning Techniques for Subsynchronous Resonance Screening AnalysisHardik Parikh, E.I.T.
Abstract—Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) is a well known
phenomenon that is observed in the conventional energy
generation and wind farm sites. SSR is more prone to generation sites that are directly connected to the series compensated transmission lines. Series compensation is required to improve the voltage profile and reduce transmission losses of the transmission lines. The work presented here aims to highlight the potential causes, the system configurations and the methods that are used to identify SSR. The main focus of the poster is to outline frequency scan techniques that are based on the small
signal perturbation method. The analysis generally employs
Electro Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP). This technique
provides the spectrum of frequency response to resistance and reactance. Finally, based on that we deduce the damping
provided by the system, and thereby the SSR risk to the project.
Optimal Siting And Sizing Of Distributed Generation For Radial Distribution S...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
An adaptive protection scheme to prevent recloser-fuse miscoordination in dis...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement ...LeMeniz Infotech
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement features
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts...
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Talhunt is a leader in assisting and executing IEEE Engineering projects to Engineering students - run by young and dynamic IT entrepreneurs. Our primary motto is to help Engineering graduates in IT and Computer science department to implement their final year project with first-class technical and academic assistance.
Project assistance is provided by 15+ years experienced IT Professionals. Over 100+ IEEE 2015 and 200+ yester year IEEE project titles are available with us. Projects are based on Software Development Life-Cycle (SDLC) model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Investigation of the challenges in establishing plug and play low voltage dc ...PromiseBeshel
A research proposal to improve the stability, efficiency, and reliability problems of low voltage DC microgrids from a communication control strategy point of view.
Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid...ijtsrd
With the growth in global warming, renewable energy based distributed generators DGs play a prominent role in power generation. Wind, solar energy, biomass, mini hydro, and the usage of fuel cells and microturbines will provide substantial impetus in the near future. Environmental friendliness, expandability, and flexibility have made distributed generation, powered by a variety of renewable and unconventional energy sources, an appealing alternative for building contemporary electrical systems. A microgrid is made up of a group of loads and dispersed generators that work together to form a single controlled system. Microgrids, as an integrated energy delivery system, may function in tandem with or independently of the main power grid. The microgrid idea reduces the number of reverse conversions in a single AC or DC grid while also making it easier to link variable renewable AC and DC sources and loads to power systems. The connectivity of DGs to the utility grid through power electronic converters has raised concerns regarding equipment safety and protection. The microgrid may be configured to fulfil the customers specific needs, such as greater local dependability, reduced feeder losses, local voltage support, greater efficiency via waste heat usage, voltage sag correction, or uninterruptible power supply. The performance of a hybrid AC DC microgrid system in grid tethered mode is examined in this paper. For the creation of a microgrid, a solar system, a wind turbine generator, and a battery are utilized. Control methods are also included to allow the converters to appropriately coordinate the AC sub grid with the DC sub grid. The MATLAB SIMULINK environment was used to achieve the findings. Tarun Jaiswal | Ashish Bhargava "Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46296.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46296/analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-enhancement-techniques-in-hybrid-acdc-microgrid/tarun-jaiswal
A New Hybrid Wavelet Neural Network and Interactive Honey Bee Matting Optimiz...ijeei-iaes
In this paper a passive Neuro-wavelet on the basis of islanding detection procedure for grid-connected inverter-based distributed generation has been developed. Moreover, the weight parameters of neural network are optimized by Interactive Honey Bee Matting optimization (IHBMO) to increase the efficiency of the capability of suggested procedure in tendered problem. Islanding is the situation where the distribution system including both distributed generator and loads is disconnected from the major grid as a consequence of lots of reasons such as electrical faults and their subsequent switching incidents, equipment failure, or pre-planned switching events like maintenance. The suggested method uses and combines wavelet analysis and artificial neural network together to detect islanding. It can be used in removing discriminative characteristics from the acquired voltage signals. In passive schemes have a large Non Detection Zone (NDZ), concern has been raised on active method because of its lowering power quality impact. The main focus of the proposed scheme is to decrease the NDZ to as close as possible and to retain the output power quality fixed. The simulations results, performed by MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrate that the mentioned procedure has a small non-detection zone. What is more, this method is capable of detecting islanding precisely within the least possible amount of standard time.
Indian grid system is a synchronized system and presently operating as National Grid. India has five provincial grids altogether as per geological region which covers the distinct states electrical power framework to be specific these are Northern Grid, Eastern Grid, Western Grid, Southern Grid and North-Eastern Grid. Southern Grid isnt synchronized with whatever is left of the areas and consequently keeps running on a marginally different frequency and associated with Western Grid and Eastern Grid through HVDC links. A power outage is the total or partial loss of energy to a territory and is the most serious type of blackout that can happen. Power outage is a transgression to the interconnected power framework. At the point when interconnected power framework goes out of step, it is basic and essential to distinguish it quickly, and islanding ought to be taken to counteract boundless power outage. Two extreme power outages influenced the greater part of northern and eastern India on 30th and 31st July 2012. The 30th July 2012 power outage influenced more than 300 million individuals and was the then-biggest power blackout ever, tallying number of individuals influenced, beating the January 2001 India power outage. Within the 24 hours of restoration of this, another blackout strokes the northern part of the country. The outage of 31st July is the biggest power blackout exceeding the previous one. Abhay Nath Dubey | Dr. Deepika Chauhan | Md. Asif Iqbal"A Case-Study on Blackout" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11287.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11287/a-case-study-on-blackout/abhay-nath-dubey
A new design of a microstrip rectenna at 5.8 GHz for wireless power transmiss...IJECEIAES
Due to the ever-increasing power demand, the need of electricity and eco-friendly power in every nook and corner of the world, many reaserch topics have been devoted to deal with this problematic. This paper is taking part of the proposed solutions with the presentation of a novel 5.8 GHz rectenna system for wireless power transmission applications. In one hand, a miniaturized 5.8 GHz circular polarized patch antenna has been designed and simulated by using the Advanced Design System (ADS). In the other hand, a rectifier structure has been investigated and optimized by the use of the Harmonic Balance method available in ADS. The circuit is based on 5 HSMS2820 Schottky diodes implemented in a voltage multiplier topology and a load resistance of 1 KOhm. Both of the structures have been validated by simulation and experimental results and good agreement has been concluded.
Transforming an Existing Distribution Network Into Autonomous MICRO-GRID usin...IJERA Editor
A distribution network with renewable and fossil-based resources can be operated as a micro-grid, in autonomous or nonautonomous modes. Autonomous operation of a distribution network requires cautious planning. In this context, a detailed methodology to develop a sustainable autonomous micro-grid is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology suggests novel sizing and siting strategies for distributed generators and structural modifications for autonomous micro-grids. This paper introduces the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the optimal network reconfiguration problem for power loss reduction. The PSO is a relatively new and powerful intelligence evolution method for solving optimization problems. It is a population-based approach. The PSO was inspired from natural behavior of the bees on how they find the location of most flowers. The proposed PSO algorithm is introduced with some modifications such as using an inertia weight that decreases linearly during the simulation. This setting allows the PSO to explore a large area at the start of the simulation.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement ...LeMeniz Infotech
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement features
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts...
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Talhunt is a leader in assisting and executing IEEE Engineering projects to Engineering students - run by young and dynamic IT entrepreneurs. Our primary motto is to help Engineering graduates in IT and Computer science department to implement their final year project with first-class technical and academic assistance.
Project assistance is provided by 15+ years experienced IT Professionals. Over 100+ IEEE 2015 and 200+ yester year IEEE project titles are available with us. Projects are based on Software Development Life-Cycle (SDLC) model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Investigation of the challenges in establishing plug and play low voltage dc ...PromiseBeshel
A research proposal to improve the stability, efficiency, and reliability problems of low voltage DC microgrids from a communication control strategy point of view.
Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid...ijtsrd
With the growth in global warming, renewable energy based distributed generators DGs play a prominent role in power generation. Wind, solar energy, biomass, mini hydro, and the usage of fuel cells and microturbines will provide substantial impetus in the near future. Environmental friendliness, expandability, and flexibility have made distributed generation, powered by a variety of renewable and unconventional energy sources, an appealing alternative for building contemporary electrical systems. A microgrid is made up of a group of loads and dispersed generators that work together to form a single controlled system. Microgrids, as an integrated energy delivery system, may function in tandem with or independently of the main power grid. The microgrid idea reduces the number of reverse conversions in a single AC or DC grid while also making it easier to link variable renewable AC and DC sources and loads to power systems. The connectivity of DGs to the utility grid through power electronic converters has raised concerns regarding equipment safety and protection. The microgrid may be configured to fulfil the customers specific needs, such as greater local dependability, reduced feeder losses, local voltage support, greater efficiency via waste heat usage, voltage sag correction, or uninterruptible power supply. The performance of a hybrid AC DC microgrid system in grid tethered mode is examined in this paper. For the creation of a microgrid, a solar system, a wind turbine generator, and a battery are utilized. Control methods are also included to allow the converters to appropriately coordinate the AC sub grid with the DC sub grid. The MATLAB SIMULINK environment was used to achieve the findings. Tarun Jaiswal | Ashish Bhargava "Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46296.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46296/analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-enhancement-techniques-in-hybrid-acdc-microgrid/tarun-jaiswal
A New Hybrid Wavelet Neural Network and Interactive Honey Bee Matting Optimiz...ijeei-iaes
In this paper a passive Neuro-wavelet on the basis of islanding detection procedure for grid-connected inverter-based distributed generation has been developed. Moreover, the weight parameters of neural network are optimized by Interactive Honey Bee Matting optimization (IHBMO) to increase the efficiency of the capability of suggested procedure in tendered problem. Islanding is the situation where the distribution system including both distributed generator and loads is disconnected from the major grid as a consequence of lots of reasons such as electrical faults and their subsequent switching incidents, equipment failure, or pre-planned switching events like maintenance. The suggested method uses and combines wavelet analysis and artificial neural network together to detect islanding. It can be used in removing discriminative characteristics from the acquired voltage signals. In passive schemes have a large Non Detection Zone (NDZ), concern has been raised on active method because of its lowering power quality impact. The main focus of the proposed scheme is to decrease the NDZ to as close as possible and to retain the output power quality fixed. The simulations results, performed by MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrate that the mentioned procedure has a small non-detection zone. What is more, this method is capable of detecting islanding precisely within the least possible amount of standard time.
Indian grid system is a synchronized system and presently operating as National Grid. India has five provincial grids altogether as per geological region which covers the distinct states electrical power framework to be specific these are Northern Grid, Eastern Grid, Western Grid, Southern Grid and North-Eastern Grid. Southern Grid isnt synchronized with whatever is left of the areas and consequently keeps running on a marginally different frequency and associated with Western Grid and Eastern Grid through HVDC links. A power outage is the total or partial loss of energy to a territory and is the most serious type of blackout that can happen. Power outage is a transgression to the interconnected power framework. At the point when interconnected power framework goes out of step, it is basic and essential to distinguish it quickly, and islanding ought to be taken to counteract boundless power outage. Two extreme power outages influenced the greater part of northern and eastern India on 30th and 31st July 2012. The 30th July 2012 power outage influenced more than 300 million individuals and was the then-biggest power blackout ever, tallying number of individuals influenced, beating the January 2001 India power outage. Within the 24 hours of restoration of this, another blackout strokes the northern part of the country. The outage of 31st July is the biggest power blackout exceeding the previous one. Abhay Nath Dubey | Dr. Deepika Chauhan | Md. Asif Iqbal"A Case-Study on Blackout" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11287.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11287/a-case-study-on-blackout/abhay-nath-dubey
A new design of a microstrip rectenna at 5.8 GHz for wireless power transmiss...IJECEIAES
Due to the ever-increasing power demand, the need of electricity and eco-friendly power in every nook and corner of the world, many reaserch topics have been devoted to deal with this problematic. This paper is taking part of the proposed solutions with the presentation of a novel 5.8 GHz rectenna system for wireless power transmission applications. In one hand, a miniaturized 5.8 GHz circular polarized patch antenna has been designed and simulated by using the Advanced Design System (ADS). In the other hand, a rectifier structure has been investigated and optimized by the use of the Harmonic Balance method available in ADS. The circuit is based on 5 HSMS2820 Schottky diodes implemented in a voltage multiplier topology and a load resistance of 1 KOhm. Both of the structures have been validated by simulation and experimental results and good agreement has been concluded.
Transforming an Existing Distribution Network Into Autonomous MICRO-GRID usin...IJERA Editor
A distribution network with renewable and fossil-based resources can be operated as a micro-grid, in autonomous or nonautonomous modes. Autonomous operation of a distribution network requires cautious planning. In this context, a detailed methodology to develop a sustainable autonomous micro-grid is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology suggests novel sizing and siting strategies for distributed generators and structural modifications for autonomous micro-grids. This paper introduces the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the optimal network reconfiguration problem for power loss reduction. The PSO is a relatively new and powerful intelligence evolution method for solving optimization problems. It is a population-based approach. The PSO was inspired from natural behavior of the bees on how they find the location of most flowers. The proposed PSO algorithm is introduced with some modifications such as using an inertia weight that decreases linearly during the simulation. This setting allows the PSO to explore a large area at the start of the simulation.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Se podría decir que nosotros mismos somos filósofos potenciales y que por ignorancia objetiva lo desconocemos, imperamos en los ramales de las dudas y los cuestionamientos, sin saber que tenemos la solución en nuestra propia mano.
Ninja do Facebook - Essencial, ministrado no Nós Coworking, em Porto Alegre-RS, dia 13/03/2013.
Este curso aborda dicas essencias de marketing e boas práticas para o uso da página empresarial (fan pages) do Facebook.
OBJETIVOS DO CURSO:
*Transmitir conhecimentos desta excelente ferramenta de análise de websites, Google Analytics, que tem diversos recursos e particularidades.
*Ensinar na prática como extrair relatórios para melhorar o resultado de um website.
Abstract-- Microgrids are miniature versions of traditional grids.
They comprise of distributed energy resources like wind turbine, Photovoltaic, Storage devices like batteries and renewable resources of power systems. They can operate in two modes, viz. Connected mode, where they are connected to the Main grid; and island mode, where they are isolated from Main grid. While microgrids offer advantages like improved reliability, stability,and efficiency; their implementation poses different technical challenges specifically for protection of microgrid. It is essential to protect a micro grid in both the grid-connected and the island mode of operation against all different types of faults. This paper gives literature review for different challenges and protection of techniques for microgrid protection.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dealing With Reactive Power in Islanded Micro Grid Corresponding Power Distri...ijtsrd
A Micro grid MG is a local energy system consisting of a number of energy sources e.g., wind turbine or solar panels among others , energy storage units, and loads that operate connected to the main electrical grid or autonomously. MGs provide flexibility, reduce the main electricity grid dependence, and contribute to changing large centralized production paradigm to local and distributed generation. However, such energy systems require complex management, advanced control, and optimization. Moreover, the power electronics converters have to be used to correct energy conversion and be interconnected through a common control structure is necessary. A classical droop control system is often implemented in MG. It allows correct operation of parallel voltage sourced converters in grid connection, as well as islanded mode of operation. However, it requires complex power management algorithms, especially in islanded MGs, which balance the system and improves reliability. The novel reactive power sharing algorithm is developed, which takes into account the parameters of the converter as apparent power limit and maximum active power. The developed solution is verified in simulation and compared with other known reactive power control methods. G. Amulya | Dr. S. V. D. Anil Kumar "Dealing With Reactive Power in Islanded Micro Grid-Corresponding Power Distribution in Hierarchical Droop Control using Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26498.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26498/dealing-with-reactive-power-in-islanded-micro-grid-corresponding-power-distribution-in-hierarchical-droop-control-using-photovoltaic-system/g-amulya
A transient current based micro grid connected power system protection scheme...IJECEIAES
Micro-grids comprise Distributed Energy Resources (DER’s) with low voltage distribution networks having controllable loads those can operate with different voltage levels are connected to the micro-grid and operated in grid mode or islanding mode in a coordinated way of control. DER’s provides clear environment-economical benefits for society and consumer utilities. But their development poses great technical challenges mainly protection of main and micro grid. Protection scheme must have to respond to both the main grid and micro-grid faults. If the fault is occurs on main grid, the response must isolate the DER’s from the main grid rapidly to protect the system loads. If the fault ocuurs within the micro-grid, the protection scheme must coordinate and isolates the least priority possible part of the grid to eliminate the fault. In order to deal with the bidirectional energy flow due to large numbers of micro sources new protection schemes are required. The system is simulated using MATLAB Wavelet Tool box and Wavelet based Multi-resolution Analysis is considered. Wavelet based Multi-resolution Analysis is used for detection, discrimination and location of faults on transmission network. This paper is discussed a transient current based micro-grid connected power system protection scheme using Wavelet Approach described on wavelet detailed-coefficients of Mother Biorthogonal 1.5 wavelet. The proposed algorithm is tested in micro-grid connected power systems environment and proved for the detection, discrimination and location of faults which is almost independent of fault impedance, fault inception angle (FIA) and fault distance of feeder line.
The Power Generated in Karnataka(INDIA) is 7445.91MW and Demand is 8500MWwhich
causes the problem of Load shedding, many states face this problem and are forced to buy the power from
other states which leads to the extra economical burden, this is where the Distributed Generation (DG)
plays a role to cut down the costs of the power purchased. This paper discusses the various aspects of DG
Opportunities, conversion system, technology interconnections and environmental performance. Also
some of the challenges DG system is confronting, an overview of connection between DG system and
Microgrid, the feature aspects of DG and benefits of DG system are also brought out
These slides present about islanding detection techniques in microgrid systems. Later on the classes other aspects of microgrid protection will be discussed in more detail
The electrical distribution network is undergoing tremendous modifications with the introduction of distributed generation technologies which have led to an increase in fault current levels in the distribution network. Fault current limiters have been developed as a promising technology to limit fault current levels in power systems. Though, quite a number of fault current limiters have been developed; the most common are the superconducting fault current limiters, solid-state fault current limiters, and saturated core fault current limiters. These fault current limiters present potential fault current limiting solutions in power systems. Nevertheless, they encounter various challenges hindering their deployment and commercialization. This research aimed at designing a bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter with a novel topology for distribution network applications. The proposed bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed design in fault current limiting, voltage sag compensation during fault conditions, and its ability not to affect the load voltage and current during normal conditions as well as in suppressing the source powers during fault conditions. Simulation results also showed very minimal power loss by the fault current limiter during normal conditions.
1. V.Veera Nagireddy, Dr. D.V. Ashok Kumar / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.986-990
Development Of Islanding Detection Technique For Utility
Interactive Distributed Generation System
V.Veera Nagireddy Dr. D.V. Ashok Kumar
Assistant professor Professor
EEE Department
SDIT, Nadyal
ABSTRACT
Distributed generation (DG) on the protective relay that is located closest to the faulty
distribution system provides many potential spot. As a result, a distributed generation tries to
benefits like peak shaving, fuel switching, supply its power to part of the distribution system
improved power quality and reliability, increased that has been separated from the utility's power
efficiency, and improved environmental system. In most cases, this distributed generation
performance. Impacts are steady state voltage assumes an overloaded condition, where its voltage
rise, increase the fault level, power quality, and frequency are lowered and it is finally led to
islanding. One of the problem is an islanding. stoppage. However, though this is a rare case, a
So many islanding detection techniques generator (or a group of generators) connected to this
are available, each one having their own islanded system is provided with a capacity that is
advantages and drawbacks. A fuzzy rule-based large enough to feed power to all the loads
passive islanding detection technique is accommodated in the islanded system. When the
implemented in this project. The initial loads are fed power only from the distributed
classification model is developed using decision generations even after the power supply is suspended
tree (DT) which is a crisp algorithm. This from the power company, such a situation is called an
algorithm is transformed into a fuzzy rule base by "islanded operation" or "islanding" [2]. They can be
developing fuzzy membership functions (MFs) broadly classified into two types locally built-in and
from the DT classification boundaries. communication based detection schemes. Local
detection methods detect islanding situations based
Introduction on the information (such as voltage, frequency,
Distributed generation (DG) generally refers harmonic. Local Detection methods further divided
to small-scale (typically 1 kW – 50 MW) electric into passive, active and hybrid techniques.
power generators that produce electricity at a site
close to customers or that are tied to an electric Technical challenges
distribution system. There are many reasons a Distributed generation (DG) is not without
customer may choose to install a distributed problems. DG faces a series of integration challenges,
generator. DG can be used to generate a customer‟s but one of the more significant overall problems is
entire electricity supply; for peak shaving (generating that the electrical distribution and transmission
a portion of a customer‟s electricity onsite to reduce infrastructure has been designed in a configuration
the amount of electricity purchased during peak price where few high power generation stations that are
periods); for standby or emergency generation (as a often distant from their consumers, ”push” electrical
backup to wires owner's power supply); as a green power onto the many smaller consumers.
power source (using renewable technology); or for
increased reliability. A). Islanding Control
some remote locations, DG can be less Depending on the amount of DG connected
costly as it eliminates the need for expensive and the strength of the utility power system, the
construction of distribution and/or transmission lines issues listed above can become substantial problems.
. Of the challenges with DG, the problem of protection
The distributed generation systems are against unplanned islanding is a significant one.
operated in parallel with utility power systems, A single line diagram of a power
especially with reverse power flow, the power quality distribution system is shown in Fig(a) . The
problems become significant. Power quality substation is the sending end for several feeders
problems include frequency deviation, voltage where transmission voltage is stepped-down into
fluctuation, harmonics and reliability of the power distribution voltage level. One of the feeders is
system. In addition, one of important problem is an shown in detail with many customer connection
islanding protection. A fault occurring in the power points. An islanding situation can occur in
distribution system is generally cleared by the distribution system due to operation of an upstream
breaker, fuse or an automatic sectionalizing switch in
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2. V.Veera Nagireddy, Dr. D.V. Ashok Kumar / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.986-990
response to fault or due to manual switching. The prime movers [3] Also, transients are created,
islanding of the portion of network due to opening of which are potentially damaging to utility and
re-closer switch „C‟ is shown in Fig. 1.1. The DG1 other customer equipment. Out of phase
will feed the power into the resultant island in this reclosing, if occurs at a voltage peak, will
case. The most common cause for a re-closer to open generate a very severe capacitive switching
is a fault in the downstream of the re-closer. An transient and in a lightly damped system, the
islanding situation could also happen when fuse at crest over-voltage can approach three times
the point „F‟ melts. In this case the inverter based rated voltage [4].
DG3 will feed the local loads, forming a small Various risks resulting from this include the
islanded power system. Formation of islanding can degradation of the electric components as a
be intentional or unintentional. consequence of voltage& frequency drifts.
B). Intentional islanding E). Contributions
The use of DG with proper control to supply Implementing power distribution network with
the islanded portion of the network, during utility DG in MATLAB.
outage conditions is called intentional islanding
operation. This improves the reliability of supply and
Development of passive islanding detection
technique using fuzzy logic rule base.
also brings many other benefits. Once the disturbance
is over the islanded portion of the network should be An extensive simulation studies on islanding
connected back to the grid. The transition between detection based on above techniques using
grid connected and islanding operation modes must MATLAB.
be seamless without any down time, in order to
provide uninterruptible power supply to critical and Another problem for power line
sensitive loads. communication is the complexity of the network and
the affected networks. A perfectly radial network
C). Benefits of intentional islanding operation with one connecting breaker is a simple example of
The intentional islanding operation island signaling; however, more complex systems
potentially brings many benefits to the DG owner, with multiple utility feeders may find that
distribution network operators (DNO) and customers. differentiation between upstream breakers difficult.
Due to the increasing competition amongst energy
suppliers to attract more and more customers, F).Fuzzy logic controller
intentional islanding of DG units are a valuable A fuzzy logic controller is a control
option. Intentional Islanding can improve the quality algorithm based on several linguistic control rules
of supply indices and reliability. The additional connected along them through a fuzzy implication
revenue to DG owners can be achieved by the and a compositional rule of interference, together
increased power supplied during network outage. It with a defuzzification mechanism, that is to say, a
helps in increasing the customer‟s satisfaction due to mechanism that changes the action of fuzzy control
the reduction in frequency and duration of in to one which is not fuzzy. Fuzzy logic controllers,
interruptions from outages in the distribution as a focus for analysis nd design of control strategies,
network. The intentional islanding operation can help are obtaining good results, increasing considerably
the society in general, by preventing civil their application in the last years. Fig 4.1 shows the
disobedience, assault, looting and disruption in configuration of fuzzy logic controller.
essential services during utility power outage
conditions G).DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATION MODEL
Power distribution network with DG
D). Issues In order to investigate the performance of
Although there are some the proposed Technique during various contingencies
benefits of islanding operation there are some a simulation model
drawbacks as well. Some of them are as follows: was implemented. It is important that the
Line worker safety can be threatened by DG model reflects a real system in all vital parts. The
sources feeding a system after primary sources behavior of the simulated system must be similar to
have been opened and tagged out. what happens in a real situation. How this has been
The voltage and frequency may not be achieved is described in the following. In the
maintained within a standard permissible level. preliminary study we have considered a system as
Islanded system may be inadequately shown in the fig.a [11].
grounded by the DG interconnection.
Instantaneous reclosing could result in out of
phase reclosing of DG. As a result of which
large mechanical torques and currents are
created that can damage the generators or
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3. V.Veera Nagireddy, Dr. D.V. Ashok Kumar / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.986-990
𝚫f/ 𝚫t ≤ 2.18
Yes No
𝚫p/ 𝚫t ≤ 0.64 Class-1
Yes No
𝚫f ≤ 0.16
Class-1 Yes No
Class-0 Class-1
Fig. a : Block diagram of power distribution network
with DG Fig. b: Decision tree chart [10].
Transformers Class-1 means islanding and class-0 means non-
Transformer T1 islanding.
Rated MVA =25 f=60Hz Rated kV=69/13.8 Dyn1
X1=0.1pu R1=0.00375pu Xm=500pu Rm=500pu I).Rule based fuzzy logic controller
Transformer T2 The most significant features 𝚫f/𝚫t, 𝚫p/𝚫t,
Rated MVA =10 f=60Hz Rated kV=13.8/13.8 Ynd1
𝚫f are considered as X1, X2 and X3, respectively. The
X1=0.1pu R1=0.00375pu Xm=500pu Rm=500pu
fuzzy MFs developed for variable X1 are A1 and A2,
for X2 are B1, B2, and for X1 are C1, C2.
Load data
Per the above formulations, the rectangular MFs are
Load (L-1) = 10MW 3.5MVAR, load ( L-2) = 5MW
derived as
2.0MVAR
A1=µ{X1, [2.18, 2.18, 34.0, 34.0]}
A2=µ{X1, [-9.5, -9.5, 2.18, 2.18]}
Transmission lines data
B1=µ{X2, [0.64, 0.64, 19.0, 19.0]}
Rated MVA =20 f=60Hz Rated kV=13.8
B2=µ{X2, [-0.5, -0.5, 0.64, 0.64]}
X0L=0.0534ohms /Km R0L=0.0414ohms /Km
C1=µ{X3, [0.16, 0.16, 0.6, 0.6]}
X1L=0.0178ohms /Km R1L=0.01384ohms /Km
C2=µ{X3, [-0.05, -0.05, 0.16, 0.16]}.
X0CL=5.1nF /Km X1CL=17nF /Km line length
=20Km
The fuzzy MFs generated from the DT
classification boundaries are rectangular in nature.
Rated MVA =10 f=60Hz 54poles Yn Rated kV=13.8
But to further add fuzziness to the membership
Inertia constant H =3.0sec.
functions, the rectangular boundaries are skewed to a
certain extent by heuristic tuning. The coordinates of
H).Decision tree the trapezoidal fuzzy MFs are decided after testing on
Decision tree learning is a method
several values around the initial values resulting from
commonly used in data mining. The goal is to create
DT [10]. Thus, the final fuzzy MFs are
a model that predicts the value of a target variable
based on several input variables. The basic idea
involved in any multistage approach is to break up a
Rule base
R1: If X1 is A1 and X2 is B1 then Class-1
complex decision into a union of several simpler
R2: If X1 is A2 and X2 is B2 then Class-1
decisions, hoping the final solution obtained this way
R3: If X1 is A2 and X2 is B1 and X3 is C1 then Class-1
would resemble the intended desired solution [17].
R4: If X1 is A2 and X2 is B1 and X3 is C2 then Class-0
Class-1 means islanding and class-0 means non-
Decision tree chart islanding.
Simulated Fig(b) Block diagram using
MATLAB/Simulink from that extract 𝚫f/𝚫t, 𝚫p/𝚫t, f
these terms and verified with below flow-chart .This
flow-chart explain given network is islanding/non-
islanding.
988 | P a g e
4. V.Veera Nagireddy, Dr. D.V. Ashok Kumar / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.986-990
Table1: Different test conditions results
Event X1 X2 X3 Actualconditio
no n
E11 5.500 -0.20 0.234 Islanding
E12 5.330 -0.30 0.020 Islanding
E21 0.001 3.00 0.005 Non-islanding
E23 0.001 5.40 0.005 Non-islanding
E31 4.900 -0.01 0.005 Islanding
E33 5.000 -0.10 0.005 Islanding
E41 5.800 5.00 0.01 Islanding
The table1 shows conventional results of our case
study system. With fuzzy results are given below.
The system study state reaches around 300ms. After
300ms system (fuzzy output results)output value
reaches 0.5, it is islanding condition other ways non-
Fig.c: Fuzzy inference system. islanding condition.
J).SimulationResults 1) Tripping of the circuit breaker CB-1at 1sec
Modeling of case study network (figure a) to simulate with PCC bus loads is P=0.5pu,
using Mat lab was done. Simulations were carried out Q=0.175pu.
considering the following critical conditions at
different PCC bus loads:
Condition-1: Tripping of the circuit breaker
CB-1 to simulate the condition of islanding
of the DG with the PCC bus loads.
Condition-2: Tripping of the circuit breaker
CB-2 (isolating the PCC bus loads) to
simulate disturbances on the DG.
Condition-3: Tripping of the circuit breaker
Fig. d: E11 Crisp values plot.
CB-3 to simulate the islanding of the DG
The fig. d shows the crisp value plot, crisp value
without the PCC- bus loads. reaches 0.5 after 300msec, islanding is occurred.
Condition-4: Three-phase fault on the 2) Tripping of the circuit breaker CB-1at1sec
GEN_BUS with instantaneous (1 cycle) to simulate with PCC bus loads is P=0.3pu,
fault-clearing time by the CB-1 which, in Q=0.105pu.
turn, causes islanding of the DG.
The PCC bus loads are
1. PCC-bus loading P=0.5pu, Q=0.175pu.
2. PCC-bus loading P=0.3pu, Q=0.105pu.
3. PCC-bus loading P=0.625pu, Q=0.22PU.
Table 1 provides the test results for different
conditions of inputs X1, X2, and X3for islanding
detection. In 1 table E11 means, E indicated event,
first 1 indicated fault, second 1 indicated PCC bus Fig. e: E12 Crisp values plot.
load condition. The fig. e shows the crisp value plot, crisp value
reaches 0.5 after 300msec, islanding is occurred.
3) Tripping of the circuit breaker CB-2(1sec) to
simulate with PCC bus loads is P=0.5pu,
Q=0.175pu.
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5. V.Veera Nagireddy, Dr. D.V. Ashok Kumar / International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.986-990
[6] Ward Bower and Michael Ropp,
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The fig. 5.3 shows the crisp value plot, crisp Industrial and Commercial Installations,
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islanding operation of distributed system is seen a Huang, “Comparative Analysis Between
viable option in the future to improve the reliability ROCOF andVector Surge Relays for
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The initial classification model is developed using 2005.
decision tree (DT) which is a crisp algorithm. This
algorithm is transformed into a fuzzy rule base by
developing fuzzy membership functions (MFs) from
the DT classification boundaries.
The islanding detecting time obtained from
simulation results is 100ms to 150ms, it‟s followed
by IEEE Std. 1547-2003 [10].
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