This document summarizes a research paper that studied the optimal location of distributed generation (DG) and its impacts on voltage stability. The researchers used the Power System Analysis Tool (PSAT) to simulate the IEEE 30-bus test network without DG, with DG connected, and with both DG and STATCOM connected. Results showed that connecting DG at buses 29 and 30 improved the voltage profile but also disturbed power flows. Using STATCOM with the DG eliminated these disturbances and improved voltages closer to 1.0 per unit. The optimal DG locations were determined to be buses 29 and 30, which had the highest original voltage drops. Real and reactive power losses were reduced from 4.6512 to 0.0028
This document summarizes a study on the impacts of distributed generation (DG) on voltage profile in a modern power system. The study uses PSAT software to simulate an IEEE 30-bus test network with and without DG connected. Results show that integrating DG affects the network's reactive power balance and stability. Specifically, the optimal locations for connecting DG are buses 29 and 30, as these buses experience the most voltage drop. While DG provides benefits like voltage support, its integration can also cause issues like voltage rise if placed in weak parts of the distribution network. The results indicate DG placement requires careful analysis to ensure reliable network operation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
Multi-objective optimal placement of distributed generations for dynamic loadsIJECEIAES
Large amount of active power losses and low voltage profile are the two major issues concerning the integration of distributed generations with existing power system networks. High R/X ratio and long distance of radial network further aggravates the issues. Optimal placement of distributed generators can address these issues significantly by alleviating active power losses and ameliorating voltage profile in a cost effective manner. In this research, multi-objective optimal placement problem is decomposed into minimization of total active power losses, maximization of bus voltage profile enhancement and minimization of total generation cost of a power system network for static and dynamic load characteristics. Optimum utilization factor for installed generators and available loads is scaled by the analysis of yearly load-demand curve of a network. The developed algorithm of N-bus system is implemented in IEEE-14 bus standard test system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in different loading conditions.
A NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING ANN TECHNIQUE FO...IJERD Editor
The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a Micro grid-connected hybrid generation
system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available
renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with
standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system.
The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the
connected load. This hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature
in the case of solar energy and normal wind speed at plain area in the case of wind energy. However, designing
an optimal micro grid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and
uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimization tools, developed for controlled power
sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution.
The dynamic model of the proposed system is first elaborated in the stationary reference frame and
then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal reference frame. The transformed variables are used in
control of the voltage source converter as the heart of the interfacing system between DG resources and utility
grid. By setting an appropriate compensation current references from the sensed load currents in control circuit
loop of DG, the active, reactive, and harmonic load current components will be compensated with fast dynamic
response, thereby achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages, while required power of the
load is more than the maximum injected power of the DG to the grid. In addition, the proposed control method
of this paper does not need a phase-locked loop in control circuit and has fast dynamic response in providing
active and reactive power components of the grid-connected loads.
An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Based Droop Control Scheme for Parallel Inverte...IAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an adaptive virtual impedance based droop control scheme for parallel inverters in a microgrid. The scheme uses an impedance estimator to monitor changes in line impedances between inverters and the point of common coupling. It estimates the line impedance in real time using output voltages and currents of the inverters as well as voltages at the point of common coupling. The estimated line impedance is then fed into a virtual impedance loop to adjust the virtual impedance value and compensate for reactive power mismatches due to changing line impedances, improving power sharing performance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheme compared to conventional control methods.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
This document summarizes a study on the impacts of distributed generation (DG) on voltage profile in a modern power system. The study uses PSAT software to simulate an IEEE 30-bus test network with and without DG connected. Results show that integrating DG affects the network's reactive power balance and stability. Specifically, the optimal locations for connecting DG are buses 29 and 30, as these buses experience the most voltage drop. While DG provides benefits like voltage support, its integration can also cause issues like voltage rise if placed in weak parts of the distribution network. The results indicate DG placement requires careful analysis to ensure reliable network operation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
Multi-objective optimal placement of distributed generations for dynamic loadsIJECEIAES
Large amount of active power losses and low voltage profile are the two major issues concerning the integration of distributed generations with existing power system networks. High R/X ratio and long distance of radial network further aggravates the issues. Optimal placement of distributed generators can address these issues significantly by alleviating active power losses and ameliorating voltage profile in a cost effective manner. In this research, multi-objective optimal placement problem is decomposed into minimization of total active power losses, maximization of bus voltage profile enhancement and minimization of total generation cost of a power system network for static and dynamic load characteristics. Optimum utilization factor for installed generators and available loads is scaled by the analysis of yearly load-demand curve of a network. The developed algorithm of N-bus system is implemented in IEEE-14 bus standard test system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in different loading conditions.
A NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING ANN TECHNIQUE FO...IJERD Editor
The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a Micro grid-connected hybrid generation
system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available
renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with
standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system.
The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the
connected load. This hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature
in the case of solar energy and normal wind speed at plain area in the case of wind energy. However, designing
an optimal micro grid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and
uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimization tools, developed for controlled power
sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution.
The dynamic model of the proposed system is first elaborated in the stationary reference frame and
then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal reference frame. The transformed variables are used in
control of the voltage source converter as the heart of the interfacing system between DG resources and utility
grid. By setting an appropriate compensation current references from the sensed load currents in control circuit
loop of DG, the active, reactive, and harmonic load current components will be compensated with fast dynamic
response, thereby achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages, while required power of the
load is more than the maximum injected power of the DG to the grid. In addition, the proposed control method
of this paper does not need a phase-locked loop in control circuit and has fast dynamic response in providing
active and reactive power components of the grid-connected loads.
An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Based Droop Control Scheme for Parallel Inverte...IAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an adaptive virtual impedance based droop control scheme for parallel inverters in a microgrid. The scheme uses an impedance estimator to monitor changes in line impedances between inverters and the point of common coupling. It estimates the line impedance in real time using output voltages and currents of the inverters as well as voltages at the point of common coupling. The estimated line impedance is then fed into a virtual impedance loop to adjust the virtual impedance value and compensate for reactive power mismatches due to changing line impedances, improving power sharing performance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheme compared to conventional control methods.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Optimal planning of RDGs in electrical distribution networks using hybrid SAP...IJECEIAES
The impact of the renewable distributed generations (RDGs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems can be positive or negative on the system, based on the location and size of the DG. So, the correct location and size of DG in the distribution network remain an obstacle to achieving their full possible benefits. Therefore, the future distribution networks with the high penetration of DG power must be planned and operated to improve their efficiency. Thus, this paper presents a new methodology for integrated of renewable energy-based DG units with electrical distribution network. Since the main objective of the proposed methodology is to reduce the power losses and improve the voltage profile of the radial distribution system (RDS). In this regard, the optimization problem was formulated using loss sensitivity factor (LSF), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a combination of loss sensitivity index (LSI) with SA and PSO (LSISA, LSIPSO) respectively. This paper contributes a new methodology SAPSO, which prevents the defects of SA and PSO. Optimal placement and sizing of renewable energy-based DG tested on 33-bus system. The results demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the proposed SAPSO algorithm to find the near-optimal position and size of the DG units to mitigate the power losses and improve the radial distribution system's voltage profile.
IRJET- A Review on Solar based Multilevel Inverter with Three Phase Grid SupplyIRJET Journal
- The document discusses solar-powered multilevel inverters that can supply three-phase grid power. Multilevel inverters have advantages over single-level inverters like lower harmonic distortion, reduced electromagnetic interference, and the ability to operate at several voltage levels.
- The literature review covers prior research on different multilevel inverter topologies for photovoltaic systems, including the flying capacitor, neutral point clamped, and cascaded H-bridge inverters. It also discusses control methods like maximum power point tracking and modulation techniques.
- The goal is to develop a multilevel inverter powered by PV panels that can supply three-phase grid power with minimum harmonic distortion and reduced component requirements compared to
Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Based PV Array to Produce Electric EnergyIRJET Journal
This document reviews maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a photovoltaic (PV) array to produce electric energy. It discusses how an MPPT charge controller uses a perturbation and observation algorithm to optimize the match between the solar PV panels and a battery bank. This improves the efficiency of the solar panels and protects the battery from overcharging. The MPPT controller helps transfer maximum available power from the PV array to charge the batteries by adjusting the voltage level as sunlight intensity fluctuates throughout the day.
PROTECTION OF MICROGRID FROM HIGH IMPEDANCE FAULT USING DIFFERENTIAL RELAYijiert bestjournal
As source of traditional energy is vanishes day by day,importance of microgrid increasing very effectively. In traditional generation and transmission of electrical power we have to rely on frequency and generation of power but in case of microgrid we have to depend on whether condition. Managing these systems to change of atmospheric condition becomes challenging . All study going on all over world related to microgrid protection of microgrid is one of them. Micro grids can either operate connected to the grid,or in the case of a grid fault,in an islanded mod e. Effect of high impedance fault is studied in this paper,by taking help of Matlab - Simulink�s SimPower Systems . We model a microgrid containing mix of renewable DG and one dispatch able source,we then simulate the HIF fault at one of the bus in both gri d - connect and island modes and analyze fault currents and voltage levels in order to determine how the protection scheme of the distribution network would need to be changed to facilitate microgrid functionality. We show that standard protection methods ar e insufficient and propose the use of digital relays which is different from traditional system.
Impact of Dispersed Generation on Optimization of Power ExportsIJERA Editor
Dispersed generation (DG) is defined as any source of electrical energy of limited size that is connected directly to the distribution system of a power network. It is also called decentralized generation, embedded generation or distributed generation. Dispersed generation is any modular generation located at or near the load center. It can be applied in the form of rechargeable, such as, mini-hydro, solar, wind and photovoltaic system or in the form of fuel-based systems, such as, fuel cells and micro-turbines. This paper presents the impact of dispersed generation on the optimization of power exports. Computer simulation was carried out using the hourly loads of the selected distribution feeders on Kaduna distribution system as input parameters for the computation of the line loss reduction ratio index (LLRI). The result showed that the line loss reduced from 163.56MW to 144.61 MW when DG was introduced which is an indication of a reduction in line losses with the installation of DG at the various feeders of the distribution system. In all the feeders where DG is integrated, the average magnitude of the line loss reduction index is 0.8754 MW which is less than 1 indicating a reduction in the electrical line losses with the introduction of DG. The line loss reduction index confirmed that by integrating DG into the distribution system, the distribution losses are reduced and optimization of power exports is achieved The results of this research paper will form a basis to establish that proper location of distributed generation units have significant impact on their effective capacity.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
This document discusses improving power quality using a STATCOM under various loading conditions. It first provides background on power quality issues and defines STATCOM. It then describes the system topology which includes a wind energy generation system connected to the grid along with a STATCOM and battery energy storage system. Two control schemes for the STATCOM are proposed: Bang-Bang current control and fuzzy logic control. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are presented for various cases including balanced/unbalanced linear and non-linear loads, showing the STATCOM is able to mitigate power quality issues and regulate voltage.
New solutions for optimization of the electrical distribution system availabi...Mohamed Ghaieth Abidi
This paper deals with the availability in microgrids that are composed of a set of sources (Photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, diesel generators and batteries) and a set of loads (critical and uncritical loads). The energy produced by various sources will be grouped in an alternative bus (AC bus), and it will be distributed on loads through an electrical distribution system. The occurrence of a fault in the system can cause a total or partial unavailability of energy required by the loads. The objective of this paper is to characterize the fault caused by the limited reliability of the components of the electrical distribution system and to propose an new design methodology to optimize the availability of this system (as well as the availability of power supply) by taking into account all the economic constraints. The proposed methodology is based on the redundancy of electrical distribution paths. An application of this optimization to a petroleum platform shows clearly a high degree of supply availability distribution in microgrid.
A modern two dof controller for grid integration with solar power generatoriaemedu
1. The document describes a solar power generation system connected to the power grid using a two degree of freedom (DOF) controller.
2. A 100 kW solar power generator is connected to a 25 kV power grid through a three-level inverter and LC filter to generate clean sinusoidal voltage.
3. Simulation results show the solar inverter output voltage waveform is cleaned up from switching frequency harmonics using the LC filter.
Emc model for modern power electronic systems for harmonics, losses & emi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronic systems becomes an engineering discipline and it should be considered at the
beginning stage of a design. Thus, a power electronics design becomes more complex and challenging and it requires a good
communication between EMI and Power electronics experts. Three major issues in designing a power electronic system are Losses,
EMI and Harmonics. These issues affect system cost, size, efficiency and quality and it is a tradeoff between these factors when we
design a power converter, filter. In this paper the EMC model is discussed which should be considered while designing the power
electronics systems. The design considerations in this paper help us to remove losses, harmonics & EMI elimination and power
quality improvement of Power systems.
Index Terms: Converter, EMI, EMC, Filter, Harmonics
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Frequency-Based Energy Management in Islanded MicrogridIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a frequency-based energy management system for an islanded microgrid.
2) It proposes using variations in grid frequency as a signal to coordinate energy production from renewable sources and energy storage as conditions change.
3) When battery is nearly full or solar production is high, frequency will rise and signal to curtail renewable production. When battery is low, frequency falls and loads can be shed.
Voltage Control Using Statcom in Dg Integrated With Distribution Networkiosrjce
This paper proposes a method to integrate distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources into a distribution network to maximize the amount of DG power injected while maintaining bus voltages within limits. The method uses optimal power flow analysis and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for voltage control. Simulation results on an IEEE 13-bus test system show the DG installation increases bus voltages closer to nominal levels compared to without DG integration. The STATCOM effectively regulates voltages during different loading conditions, allowing more DG power to be utilized while keeping voltages within specification limits.
This paper proposes a method to integrate distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources into a distribution network to maximize the amount of DG power injected while maintaining bus voltages within limits. It uses optimal power flow analysis and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for voltage control. Simulations on the IEEE 13-bus test system show the DG increases bus voltages closer to nominal levels compared to without DG integration. The STATCOM helps optimize the system by regulating voltages despite additional problems from high DG penetration.
This document discusses selecting the optimal location and size of multiple distributed generations using the Kalman filter algorithm. It first provides background on distributed generation technologies and their benefits, such as reducing power losses, improving voltage stability and reliability. The objectives of distributed generation include meeting increasing power demand in a cost-effective way and integrating renewable sources. The document then describes modeling distributed generations using the Kalman filter and determining their optimal locations and sizes to minimize power losses and maximize system stability and reliability.
Voltage Profile Improvement of distribution system Using Particle Swarm Optim...IJERA Editor
Distributed generations (DGs) play an important role in distribution networks. Distributed generation (DG) exists in distribution systems and is installed by either the utility or the customers. Distributed Generators (DGs) are now commonly used in distribution systems to reduce the power disruption in the power system network. Due to the installation of DGs in the system, the total power loss can be reduced and voltage profile of the buses can be improved due to this power quality of the distribution system is improved. Studies show that non-optimal locations and non-optimal sizes of DG units may lead to losses increase, together with bad effect on voltage profile. So, this paper aims at determining optimal DG allocation and sizing. To do so, the optimization technique named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used .this Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach), capable to establish the optimal DG allocation and sizing on a distribution network. This paper presents optimal placement and estimation of distributed generation (DG) capacity using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach in the distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to gain voltage profile improvement. The proposed (PSO) based approach is tested on an IEEE 30-bus test system.
Optimal Siting of Distributed Generators in a Distribution Network using Arti...IJECEIAES
Distributed generation (DG) sources are being installed in distribution networks worldwide due to their numerous advantages over the conventional sources which include operational and economical benefits. Random placement of DG sources in a distribution network will result in adverse effects such as increased power loss, loss of voltage stability and reliability, increase in operational costs, power quality issues etc. This paper presents a methodology to obtain the optimal location for the placement of multiple DG sources in a distribution network from a technical perspective. Optimal location is obtained by evaluating a global multi-objective technical index (MOTI) using a weighted sum method. Clonal selection based artificial immune system (AIS) is used along with optimal power flow (OPF) technique to obtain the solution. The proposed method is executed on a standard IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system. The results justify the choice of AIS and the use of MOTI in optimal siting of DG sources which improves the distribution system efficiency to a great extent in terms of reduced real and reactive power losses, improved voltage profile and voltage stability. Solutions obtained using AIS are compared with Genetic algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) solutions for the same objective function.
This paper presents a thorough control structure of the distributed generators inside the microgrid during both grid-connected and islanded operation modes. These control structures of the DGs voltage source inverters are implemented in synchronous reference frame (SRF) and controlled using linear PI controllers. By implementing the control structures, the desired real and reactive power can be efficiently transferred to the local loads and the utility load by the microgrid generating units. A modified droop control technique is introduced to facilitate the microgrid performance during both modes of operation. The active and reactive power sharing of the load demand between the utility grid and the microgrid can be performed by this drop control technique during the islanded mode. The system performance during intentional islanding event and utility load increase is investigated. The effectiveness of the offered control structures is confirmed through simulation results during both modes of operation.
The most important components of the distributed generation frameworks is the GTIs which is an interface amidst the utility and the source of energy. The recent years have seen an increased interest in the design and usage of GTIs due to its smaller weight and size, low cost and higher efficiency. But the problem of leakage currents in the transformerless inverter that is dependant on its topology and control scheme needs to be looked into carefully. Also, the high performance of the GTI requires a stringent control and various control systems are being developed and applied to the GTIs. This paper reviews the various topologies that are classified based on the attributes of the leakage current and the method of decoupling. Further it reviews and compares the different control techniques applied to the GTIs with respect to the frame of reference, controller, modulation technique and the control parameters considered.
Control and Implementation of a Standalone DG-SPV-BES micro-grid System using...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a control method for a standalone solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel-battery energy storage (BES) microgrid system using D-STATCOM to improve power quality.
2) An admittance-based control algorithm is used to control power flow, harmonic filtering, and reactive power compensation under nonlinear and unbalanced loads.
3) The proposed system and control method were simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and results showed improvements in power quality metrics like total harmonic distortion compared to other control methods.
Electric Vehicle as an Energy Storage for Grid Connected Solar Power SystemIAES-IJPEDS
In the past few years the growing demand for electricity and serious concern
for the environment have given rise to the growth of sustainable sources like
wind, solar, tidal, biomass etc. The technological advancement in power
electronics has led to the extensive usage of solar power. Solar power output
varies with the weather conditions and under shading conditions. With the
increasing concerns of the impacts of the high penetration of Photovoltaic
(PV) systems, a technical study about their effects on the power quality of
the utility grid is required. This paper investigates the functioning of a gridtied
PV system along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
algorithm. The effects of varying atmospheric conditions like solar irradiance
and temperature are also taken into account. It is proposed in this work that
an Electric Vehicle (EV) can be used as an energy storage to stabilize the
power supplied to the grid from the photovoltaic resources. A coordinated
control is necessary for the EV to obtain desired outcome. The modeling of
the PV and EV system is carried out in PSCAD and the proposed idea is
verified through simulation results utilizing real field data for solar irradiance
and temperature.
The document presents a multi-objective optimization model for allocating thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSCs) in power systems with wind power and load randomness. It first describes existing literature on modeling renewable energy and load uncertainty and optimizing power system objectives. It then introduces a method to generate and reduce scenarios for wind power and load. Next, it establishes a multi-objective optimization model with available transmission capacity and voltage stability as objectives. Finally, it proposes an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the established model.
This document presents a technique for determining the optimal location of Static Var Compensators (SVCs) in power systems using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). The objectives considered are increasing the maximum loading margin, reducing bus voltage deviation, and minimizing power losses. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), an MCDM technique, is used to determine the optimal SVC location. Simulation is conducted on IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, and 118-bus test systems in Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB. The consistency of the results is checked using AHP. The proposed approach finds the optimal SVC location that achieves all three objectives simultaneously while considering operational and loading constraints.
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This document reviews maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a photovoltaic (PV) array to produce electric energy. It discusses how an MPPT charge controller uses a perturbation and observation algorithm to optimize the match between the solar PV panels and a battery bank. This improves the efficiency of the solar panels and protects the battery from overcharging. The MPPT controller helps transfer maximum available power from the PV array to charge the batteries by adjusting the voltage level as sunlight intensity fluctuates throughout the day.
PROTECTION OF MICROGRID FROM HIGH IMPEDANCE FAULT USING DIFFERENTIAL RELAYijiert bestjournal
As source of traditional energy is vanishes day by day,importance of microgrid increasing very effectively. In traditional generation and transmission of electrical power we have to rely on frequency and generation of power but in case of microgrid we have to depend on whether condition. Managing these systems to change of atmospheric condition becomes challenging . All study going on all over world related to microgrid protection of microgrid is one of them. Micro grids can either operate connected to the grid,or in the case of a grid fault,in an islanded mod e. Effect of high impedance fault is studied in this paper,by taking help of Matlab - Simulink�s SimPower Systems . We model a microgrid containing mix of renewable DG and one dispatch able source,we then simulate the HIF fault at one of the bus in both gri d - connect and island modes and analyze fault currents and voltage levels in order to determine how the protection scheme of the distribution network would need to be changed to facilitate microgrid functionality. We show that standard protection methods ar e insufficient and propose the use of digital relays which is different from traditional system.
Impact of Dispersed Generation on Optimization of Power ExportsIJERA Editor
Dispersed generation (DG) is defined as any source of electrical energy of limited size that is connected directly to the distribution system of a power network. It is also called decentralized generation, embedded generation or distributed generation. Dispersed generation is any modular generation located at or near the load center. It can be applied in the form of rechargeable, such as, mini-hydro, solar, wind and photovoltaic system or in the form of fuel-based systems, such as, fuel cells and micro-turbines. This paper presents the impact of dispersed generation on the optimization of power exports. Computer simulation was carried out using the hourly loads of the selected distribution feeders on Kaduna distribution system as input parameters for the computation of the line loss reduction ratio index (LLRI). The result showed that the line loss reduced from 163.56MW to 144.61 MW when DG was introduced which is an indication of a reduction in line losses with the installation of DG at the various feeders of the distribution system. In all the feeders where DG is integrated, the average magnitude of the line loss reduction index is 0.8754 MW which is less than 1 indicating a reduction in the electrical line losses with the introduction of DG. The line loss reduction index confirmed that by integrating DG into the distribution system, the distribution losses are reduced and optimization of power exports is achieved The results of this research paper will form a basis to establish that proper location of distributed generation units have significant impact on their effective capacity.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
This document discusses improving power quality using a STATCOM under various loading conditions. It first provides background on power quality issues and defines STATCOM. It then describes the system topology which includes a wind energy generation system connected to the grid along with a STATCOM and battery energy storage system. Two control schemes for the STATCOM are proposed: Bang-Bang current control and fuzzy logic control. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are presented for various cases including balanced/unbalanced linear and non-linear loads, showing the STATCOM is able to mitigate power quality issues and regulate voltage.
New solutions for optimization of the electrical distribution system availabi...Mohamed Ghaieth Abidi
This paper deals with the availability in microgrids that are composed of a set of sources (Photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, diesel generators and batteries) and a set of loads (critical and uncritical loads). The energy produced by various sources will be grouped in an alternative bus (AC bus), and it will be distributed on loads through an electrical distribution system. The occurrence of a fault in the system can cause a total or partial unavailability of energy required by the loads. The objective of this paper is to characterize the fault caused by the limited reliability of the components of the electrical distribution system and to propose an new design methodology to optimize the availability of this system (as well as the availability of power supply) by taking into account all the economic constraints. The proposed methodology is based on the redundancy of electrical distribution paths. An application of this optimization to a petroleum platform shows clearly a high degree of supply availability distribution in microgrid.
A modern two dof controller for grid integration with solar power generatoriaemedu
1. The document describes a solar power generation system connected to the power grid using a two degree of freedom (DOF) controller.
2. A 100 kW solar power generator is connected to a 25 kV power grid through a three-level inverter and LC filter to generate clean sinusoidal voltage.
3. Simulation results show the solar inverter output voltage waveform is cleaned up from switching frequency harmonics using the LC filter.
Emc model for modern power electronic systems for harmonics, losses & emi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronic systems becomes an engineering discipline and it should be considered at the
beginning stage of a design. Thus, a power electronics design becomes more complex and challenging and it requires a good
communication between EMI and Power electronics experts. Three major issues in designing a power electronic system are Losses,
EMI and Harmonics. These issues affect system cost, size, efficiency and quality and it is a tradeoff between these factors when we
design a power converter, filter. In this paper the EMC model is discussed which should be considered while designing the power
electronics systems. The design considerations in this paper help us to remove losses, harmonics & EMI elimination and power
quality improvement of Power systems.
Index Terms: Converter, EMI, EMC, Filter, Harmonics
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Frequency-Based Energy Management in Islanded MicrogridIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a frequency-based energy management system for an islanded microgrid.
2) It proposes using variations in grid frequency as a signal to coordinate energy production from renewable sources and energy storage as conditions change.
3) When battery is nearly full or solar production is high, frequency will rise and signal to curtail renewable production. When battery is low, frequency falls and loads can be shed.
Voltage Control Using Statcom in Dg Integrated With Distribution Networkiosrjce
This paper proposes a method to integrate distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources into a distribution network to maximize the amount of DG power injected while maintaining bus voltages within limits. The method uses optimal power flow analysis and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for voltage control. Simulation results on an IEEE 13-bus test system show the DG installation increases bus voltages closer to nominal levels compared to without DG integration. The STATCOM effectively regulates voltages during different loading conditions, allowing more DG power to be utilized while keeping voltages within specification limits.
This paper proposes a method to integrate distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy sources into a distribution network to maximize the amount of DG power injected while maintaining bus voltages within limits. It uses optimal power flow analysis and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for voltage control. Simulations on the IEEE 13-bus test system show the DG increases bus voltages closer to nominal levels compared to without DG integration. The STATCOM helps optimize the system by regulating voltages despite additional problems from high DG penetration.
This document discusses selecting the optimal location and size of multiple distributed generations using the Kalman filter algorithm. It first provides background on distributed generation technologies and their benefits, such as reducing power losses, improving voltage stability and reliability. The objectives of distributed generation include meeting increasing power demand in a cost-effective way and integrating renewable sources. The document then describes modeling distributed generations using the Kalman filter and determining their optimal locations and sizes to minimize power losses and maximize system stability and reliability.
Voltage Profile Improvement of distribution system Using Particle Swarm Optim...IJERA Editor
Distributed generations (DGs) play an important role in distribution networks. Distributed generation (DG) exists in distribution systems and is installed by either the utility or the customers. Distributed Generators (DGs) are now commonly used in distribution systems to reduce the power disruption in the power system network. Due to the installation of DGs in the system, the total power loss can be reduced and voltage profile of the buses can be improved due to this power quality of the distribution system is improved. Studies show that non-optimal locations and non-optimal sizes of DG units may lead to losses increase, together with bad effect on voltage profile. So, this paper aims at determining optimal DG allocation and sizing. To do so, the optimization technique named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used .this Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach), capable to establish the optimal DG allocation and sizing on a distribution network. This paper presents optimal placement and estimation of distributed generation (DG) capacity using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach in the distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to gain voltage profile improvement. The proposed (PSO) based approach is tested on an IEEE 30-bus test system.
Optimal Siting of Distributed Generators in a Distribution Network using Arti...IJECEIAES
Distributed generation (DG) sources are being installed in distribution networks worldwide due to their numerous advantages over the conventional sources which include operational and economical benefits. Random placement of DG sources in a distribution network will result in adverse effects such as increased power loss, loss of voltage stability and reliability, increase in operational costs, power quality issues etc. This paper presents a methodology to obtain the optimal location for the placement of multiple DG sources in a distribution network from a technical perspective. Optimal location is obtained by evaluating a global multi-objective technical index (MOTI) using a weighted sum method. Clonal selection based artificial immune system (AIS) is used along with optimal power flow (OPF) technique to obtain the solution. The proposed method is executed on a standard IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system. The results justify the choice of AIS and the use of MOTI in optimal siting of DG sources which improves the distribution system efficiency to a great extent in terms of reduced real and reactive power losses, improved voltage profile and voltage stability. Solutions obtained using AIS are compared with Genetic algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) solutions for the same objective function.
This paper presents a thorough control structure of the distributed generators inside the microgrid during both grid-connected and islanded operation modes. These control structures of the DGs voltage source inverters are implemented in synchronous reference frame (SRF) and controlled using linear PI controllers. By implementing the control structures, the desired real and reactive power can be efficiently transferred to the local loads and the utility load by the microgrid generating units. A modified droop control technique is introduced to facilitate the microgrid performance during both modes of operation. The active and reactive power sharing of the load demand between the utility grid and the microgrid can be performed by this drop control technique during the islanded mode. The system performance during intentional islanding event and utility load increase is investigated. The effectiveness of the offered control structures is confirmed through simulation results during both modes of operation.
The most important components of the distributed generation frameworks is the GTIs which is an interface amidst the utility and the source of energy. The recent years have seen an increased interest in the design and usage of GTIs due to its smaller weight and size, low cost and higher efficiency. But the problem of leakage currents in the transformerless inverter that is dependant on its topology and control scheme needs to be looked into carefully. Also, the high performance of the GTI requires a stringent control and various control systems are being developed and applied to the GTIs. This paper reviews the various topologies that are classified based on the attributes of the leakage current and the method of decoupling. Further it reviews and compares the different control techniques applied to the GTIs with respect to the frame of reference, controller, modulation technique and the control parameters considered.
Control and Implementation of a Standalone DG-SPV-BES micro-grid System using...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a control method for a standalone solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel-battery energy storage (BES) microgrid system using D-STATCOM to improve power quality.
2) An admittance-based control algorithm is used to control power flow, harmonic filtering, and reactive power compensation under nonlinear and unbalanced loads.
3) The proposed system and control method were simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and results showed improvements in power quality metrics like total harmonic distortion compared to other control methods.
Electric Vehicle as an Energy Storage for Grid Connected Solar Power SystemIAES-IJPEDS
In the past few years the growing demand for electricity and serious concern
for the environment have given rise to the growth of sustainable sources like
wind, solar, tidal, biomass etc. The technological advancement in power
electronics has led to the extensive usage of solar power. Solar power output
varies with the weather conditions and under shading conditions. With the
increasing concerns of the impacts of the high penetration of Photovoltaic
(PV) systems, a technical study about their effects on the power quality of
the utility grid is required. This paper investigates the functioning of a gridtied
PV system along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
algorithm. The effects of varying atmospheric conditions like solar irradiance
and temperature are also taken into account. It is proposed in this work that
an Electric Vehicle (EV) can be used as an energy storage to stabilize the
power supplied to the grid from the photovoltaic resources. A coordinated
control is necessary for the EV to obtain desired outcome. The modeling of
the PV and EV system is carried out in PSCAD and the proposed idea is
verified through simulation results utilizing real field data for solar irradiance
and temperature.
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This document presents a technique for determining the optimal location of Static Var Compensators (SVCs) in power systems using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). The objectives considered are increasing the maximum loading margin, reducing bus voltage deviation, and minimizing power losses. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), an MCDM technique, is used to determine the optimal SVC location. Simulation is conducted on IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, and 118-bus test systems in Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB. The consistency of the results is checked using AHP. The proposed approach finds the optimal SVC location that achieves all three objectives simultaneously while considering operational and loading constraints.
This document analyzes the impact of integrating wind power generation based on double feed induction generators and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices on the IEEE 30 bus test power system. It examines three cases: 1) the impact of SVC and TCSC FACTS devices, 2) the impact of wind turbines, and 3) the combined impact of wind turbines and FACTS devices. The results show that FACTS devices like SVC and TCSC can help improve voltage stability and reduce power losses, while wind power integration can be enhanced by using FACTS to control power flow and voltage.
This paper proposes a modified equilibrium algorithm (MEA) to optimally determine the placement and capacity of wind power plants in a transmission power network with 30 nodes. The paper considers two objectives: minimizing generation cost and active power loss. It evaluates cases of placing one and two wind power plants at predetermined and unknown nodes. The MEA and four other algorithms are applied and compared. Results show that MEA most effectively reduces generation cost and power loss by optimizing wind plant location and capacity. MEA performs better than the other algorithms. The paper concludes that wind power integration can reduce costs and losses when optimally placed, and MEA is effective for solving this optimal power flow problem.
Voltage sags and interruptions are short-duration reductions or losses of voltage caused by faults in the power system. They can negatively impact sensitive equipment like computers and motor drives. Solutions exist at multiple levels, from protecting individual small loads to implementing power conditioning technologies or backup power sources for entire facilities. The best approach depends on the critical equipment and process requirements.
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The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
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What Could Be Behind Your Mercedes Sprinter's Power Loss on Uphill RoadsSprinter Gurus
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Economical installation,
Utilization of non-renewable sources (viz. solar, tidal, wind) of energy for electricity production,
Reduces the length of the transmission line at costumers’ site etc.
Despite of several advantages, the DG may be installed on priority into the existing grid network at
the optimal location otherwise it may be harmful to costumers’ site. Installation of DG creates some
disturbances if not placed at the optimal location- it disturbs the power flow in the network by disturbing the
voltage profile at the junction of its connection, poor stability, increased power losses etc. An increase in the
fault level of the power system may cause large fault clearing time and require disconnection of equipment in
the distribution system during operation of protective devices. Overall, it is to be in our mind that protection
of system is an important aspect and it is necessary to connect the DG at the optimal location in order to have
lesser disturbances
Methods like ant colony optimization [2], particle swarm optimization [3-4], monte-carlo simulation
methods [5] genetic algorithm [6] and optimal power flow method [7] have been discussed. A method is
being introduced thatfour types of DG are considered with one DG installed for minimize the total real and
reactive power losses. The main aim of this methodology is to calculate size and to identify the
corresponding optimum location for DG placement to minimize the totalreal power and reactive power losses
and to improve voltage profile [8].
PV bus is the bus where we put the values of active power and magnitude of voltage and DG is
connected to the distribution grid through the synchronous generator with excitation control mode for voltage
control, the PQ bus is the bus at which input values of active power and reactive power inserted. On the other
hand in PQ bus the DG is connected to the distribution grid through synchronous generator with excitation
control mode for power factor control [9]. S.P. Rajaram et al. suggested that the optimal location of
connecting DG in any network is the weakest node at which the maximum voltage drop occurs [10].
In this paper a new method have been suggested which is easy to operate and is very effective. The
simulation of the IEEE 30 bus test network is done using Power System Analysis Tool (PSAT) of MATLAB.
It was an approach to overcome the ill effects of the DG byusing FACT (Flexible AC Transmission) devices
like SVC, synchronous condenser, STATCOM etc. A test of IEEE 30 bus network has been designed and
simulated using PSAT 2.1.7. The method incorporated in the simulation of test network is the Newton
Raphson method for analyzing the power flow in the network.
2. VOLTAGE STABILITY
Voltage stability is the ability of power systems to maintain steady voltage within permissible
ranges at all buses in normal conditions and after having been subjected to a severe system perturbation.
Voltage instability may result in significant disturbances of voltages on some buses. The main contributing
factor to voltage instability is voltage drop that occurs when reactiveand active power flows in transmission
lines.
Consequently, it limits the capability of the transmission system for voltage support and power
transfer. In addition, dynamic loads also contribute to the voltage instability when disturbance occurs. The
load tends to respond by restoring the consumed power, which can increase reactive power consumption and
the stress of high voltage network causes more voltage reduction.
Voltage stability may be classified into two distinct sub-system categories:
Large disturbance voltage stability refers to the ability of power systems to maintain and control voltages
following large perturbations, such as loss of generation or system faults.
Small disturbance stability refers to the ability of power systems to maintain and control voltages
following small perturbations, such as incremental change in loads.
Meanwhile, the duration time for voltage stability problems may vary from a few seconds to tens of
minutes. Therefore, the extent of voltage stability could be a short-term or long-term phenomenon.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PSAT is a powerful power analyses tool of MATLAB. The IEEE 30 bus network has been designed
using PSAT without DG connection, with DG connection and with DG and STATCOM both connected
(Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3) respectively.
Amount of power flow in the network without DG connected and with DG connection, the optimal
location for the connection of DG, the bus with the maximum voltage drop, from comparative study of high
voltage drop it is found that the bus no. 29 and 30 showed the high voltage drop (Table-1 and Table-2)
respectively.
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Figure 1. IEEE 30 bus network without DG connection
Figure 2. IEEE 30 bus network with DG connection
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Figure 3. IEEE 30 bus network with DG and STATCOM connection
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Results obtained from the continuous power flow method shows the impact on the voltage profile of
the network when DGsare connected at bus no. 29 and 30. The value of the voltage is decreases in most of
the cases when DGs are connected in respective buses (Table 1 and Table 2) respectively. These disturbances
in voltage profile caused by the interconnection of DG are eliminated and improve the magnitude of voltage
near to 1.0 puin both weak buses 29 and 30 by the use of STATCOM (Table-3). The interconnection of DG
is also disturbed the total generation of real and reactive power which is given below.
The method suggested by Su Hlaing Win et al. If Different types of DG installed in the system have
different impacts on minimization of reactive power loss, on the bases of loss reduction the optimal size and
location of DG are also changed with different type of DG installed in the system. Authors have suggested a
formula is used to determine optimal size and the location for type-1 to type-4 DG [8]. This method is very
complicated for selection of proper rating and size of DG. In our test system it is very easy to find out the
optimal location of DG and to minimize losses.
Results obtained for load flow without DG
Total Generation
Real power [p.u.] 13.9588
Reactive power [p.u.] 20.138
Total Load
Real power [p.u.] 9.3117
Reactive power [p.u.] 4.0149
Total Losses
Real power [p.u.] 4.6471
Reactive power [p.u.] 16.1231
Result of load flow with DG connected
Total Generation
Real power [p.u.] 13.9605
Reactive power [p.u.] 20.1497
Total Load
Real power [p.u.] 9.3093
Reactive power [p.u.] 4.0139
Total Losses
Real power [p.u.] 4.6512
Reactive power [p.u.] 16.1358
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Results of load flow with DG and STATCOM
Total Generation
Real power [p.u.] 0.0028
Reactive power [p.u.] -1.0705
Total Load
Real power [p.u.] 0.0
Reactive power [p.u.] -1.0619
Total Losses
Real power [p.u.] 0.0028
Reactive power [p.u.] - 0.00869
It is clear from the above result that total realpower loss is reduced from 4.6512 pu to 0.0028 pu and
reactive power loss is reduced from 16.1358 pu to- 0.00869 puwith the above network configuration by using
STATCOM to improve the voltage stability. It is therefore suggested that before connecting the distributed
generation it is necessary that system designer must think of the compensation devices as well as location of
the distributed generation so that the losses are minimum. The optimal size of the DG is also very important
in reducing the losses. If a DG of any size is connected it will inject or absorbs active power thereby again
disturbing the voltage profile of the associated network. The disturbances caused by the interconnection of
DG are eliminated by the use of STATCOM.
Table 1. Power flow result without DG connection
Bus
Voltage
(p.u.)
Bus1
Bus2
Bus3
Bus4
Bus5
Bus6
Bus7
Bus8
Bus9
Bus10
Bus11
Bus12
Bus13
Bus14
Bus15
Bus16
Bus17
Bus18
Bus19
Bus20
Bus21
Bus22
Bus23
Bus24
Bus25
Bus26
Bus27
Bus28
Bus29
Bus30
1
1
0.77822
0.79257
1
0.85474
0.87731
1
0.85428
0.77546
1
0.82312
1
0.74862
0.72304
0.76643
0.74989
0.67757
0.6677
0.69
0.71068
0.71168
0.66704
0.63608
0.65423
0.54677
0.71943
0.83797
0.55653
0.45864
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Figure 4. Voltage profile without DG connection
Figure 5. Voltage profile with DG connection
Figure 6. Voltage profile with DG and STATCOM
5. CONCLUSION
It is concluded that the voltage profile of the network is improved when the DG is connected to
system. The bus no. 26, 29 and 30 are found to be the preferred location for the connection of the distributed
generation with the weakest bus no. 29 and 30 had being the optimal location for the connection of the DG.
The IEEE 30 bus network is first simulated without DG connection and the results obtained were compared
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with the simulation result of the network with DG connection. The graphs shows the voltage profile of
without DG connection and with DG connection (Figure 4, Figure 5) respectively.
Disturbances caused by the integration of DG were eliminated by using the FACT device
(STATCOM) (figure 6). It is advisable to first determine the optimal location of DG to minimize the losses
caused by the DG connection before integrating the DG into the network.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Manoj Kumar Nigam, received the B.E. and ME degree in Electrical Engineering from MITS
Gwalior, M.P., India. He has more than 12 years of experience inteaching and research and is a
Ph.D. Scholar in Electrical Engineering in R.K.D.F University, Bhopal (M.P), India.
His current research focuses on Distributed generation, power electronics drives and power
quality Issues in the Power System.
Dr. V.K. Sethi, received the BE (Hons.) from IIT Roorkee, PG from UK and Ph. D from IIT
Delhi, He was Scientist ‘C’ Department of Atomic Energy, BARC, Bombay, Asst. Director,
Deputy Director (Faculty) Ministry of Power, Deputy Director (Site), Director Ministry of
Power, Central Electricity Authority and Ex. Director MOP/CEA, EX-Rector & Director,
RGPV, Bhopal and is now a Vice Chancellor RKDF University, Bhopal (MP), India.
He has published 115 research papers in reputed national, international journals and conferences
he is an authors of 12 books. His research interests are power plant engineering, Renewable
Energy, Green Power Technologies & CDM Opportunities