The document discusses field effect transistors (FETs), including: - Junction FETs (JFETs) are three-terminal unipolar devices available in N-channel or P-channel configurations. - FETs have characteristics of high efficiency, instant operation, robustness, and low cost. They can be made much smaller than equivalent bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). - FETs operate in common source, common gate, or common drain configurations and are used in integrated circuits due to their low power consumption and dissipation.

1. FET
Field Effect Transistors

2. Junction Field Effect Transistor
 The Junction Field Effect Transistor, or JFET, is a voltage controlled three terminal unipolar
semiconductor device available in N-channel and P-channel configurations.
 The Field Effect Transistor is a three terminal unipolar semiconductor device that has the
characteristics of high efficiency, instant operation, robust and cheap .
 Field effect transistors can be made much smaller than an equivalent BJT transistor and
along with their low power consumption and power dissipation makes them ideal for use
in integrated circuits such as the CMOS range of digital logic chips.

3. Typical Field Effect Transistor

4. Symbols of FET

5. Classification of FETs

6. Construction
 The field effect transistor is a three terminal device that is constructed with
no PN-junctions within the main current carrying path between the Drain
and the Source terminals. These terminals correspond in function to the
Collector and the Emitter respectively of the bipolar transistor. The current
path between these two terminals is called the “channel” which may be
made of either a P-type or an N-type semiconductor material.
 The Field Effect Transistor on the other hand is a “Unipolar” device that
depends only on the conduction of electrons (N-channel) or holes (P-
channel).

7. Construction of FETs

8. Components of FETs
 Source : The source is the terminal through which majority
carriers enter the silicon bar.
 Drain : Terminal through which majority carriers leave the bar.
 Gate : Controls drain current and is always reverse biased.

9. Modes of FETs
Like the bipolar junction transistor, the field effect transistor being a three
terminal device is capable of three distinct modes of operation.
 Common Source (CS) Configuration
 Common Gate (CG) Configuration
 Common Drain (CD) Configuration

10. Common Source Configuration
 In the Common Source configuration (similar to common emitter), the input is applied to
the Gate and its output is taken from the Drain as shown. This is the most common
mode of operation of the FET due to its high input impedance and good voltage
amplification and as such Common Source amplifiers are widely used.

11.  The common source mode of FET connection is generally used audio frequency
amplifiers and in high input impedance pre-amps and stages. Being an amplifying
circuit, the output signal is 180o “out-of-phase” with the input.
Common Drain configuration
 In the Common Drain configuration (similar to common collector), the input is applied
to the Gate and its output is taken from the Source. The common drain or “source
follower” configuration has a high input impedance and a low output impedance and
near-unity voltage gain so is therefore used in buffer amplifiers.
 The voltage gain of the source follower configuration is less than unity, and the output
signal is “in-phase”, 0o with the input signal.

12.  This type of configuration is referred to as “Common Drain” because there is no signal
available at the drain connection, the voltage present, +VDD just provides a bias. The
output is in-phase with the input.

13. MOSFET
 MOSFET is a four-terminal semiconductor field effect transistor fabricated by the
controlled oxidation of silicon and where the applied voltage determines the
electrical conductivity of a device. MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide
Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.
 The gate which is located between the source and drain channels is electrically
insulated from the channel by a thin layer of metal oxide. The idea is to control
the voltage and current flow between the source and drain channels. MOSFETs
play a vital role in integrated circuits because of their high input impedance. They
are mostly used in power amplifiers and switches, plus they play a critical role in
embedded system design as functional elements.

14. Configuration
They are generally classified into two configurations:
 Depletion Mode MOSFET – The devices are normally “ON” when
the gate-to-source voltage is zero. The application voltage is lower
than the drain-to-source voltage
 Enhancement Mode MOSFET – The devices are normally “OFF”
when the gate-to-source voltage is zero.

15. Difference between JFET and MOSFET