Ferenc II Rákóczi
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Ferenc II Rákóczi was born in 1676 to a Hungarian aristocratic family. He was raised in Austria after his hometown fell to Austrian control. As an adult, he returned to Hungary and was inspired by other nobles to fight for Hungarian independence. He led a peasant uprising against the Habsburgs but lacked support from foreign allies. Despite early successes, he was ultimately defeated and fled Hungary in 1711, spending his last years in exile in Turkey, where he died in 1735 still hoping to liberate Hungary.
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Poland and Hungary share several historical connections through dynasties that ruled both kingdoms. The Piast dynasty saw Elizabeth of Poland marry Charles I of Hungary in the 14th century. Later dynasties also included the Jagiellonian dynasty and Angevin dynasty. Figures like Józef Bem fought for both Polish and Hungarian independence. Cultural influences crossed borders as well, seen in clothing, weapons, and shared proverbs about the friendship between the Polish and Hungarian people.
Consolidation 18thc 06
The document summarizes political developments in Europe between the early 1700s to the mid-1700s. It discusses the succession of monarchs in Britain, the Acts of Union that formed Great Britain, the decline of Dutch power, and the rise of Prussia under Frederick the Great. It also covers the War of Austrian Succession and Maria Theresa's rule over the Austrian Hapsburg lands during a challenging period.
First World War Centenary: WW I in Photos (1)
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist in 1914 set off a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War I. Over 30 nations were eventually involved in the war, mobilizing over 65 million soldiers. Modern weapons like machine guns and artillery vastly increased casualties. The war was fought across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and at sea, and lasted from 1914 to 1918. Key events and leaders from countries involved in World War I are described.
Wwi presentation 2
The document discusses the geopolitical landscape in Europe leading up to World War 1, including the roles of imperialism, nationalism, and military alliances. It then summarizes how the war redrew borders in Europe and the Middle East, placing Palestine under British control. The Balfour Declaration of 1917 committed Britain to establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine, laying the groundwork for future Israeli statehood.
Absolutism
The document provides an overview of the rise of absolutism in 17th century Europe in response to religious and social unrest. It discusses how monarchs like Louis XIV of France consolidated power by limiting the influence of nobles and establishing divine right. It also summarizes the development of constitutional monarchy in England through conflicts between monarchs and Parliament that led to the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution, establishing more power for Parliament.
Chapter 5 Spain & England Absolutism
1) Several European monarchies created powerful central governments during the 1500s-1600s by asserting the divine right of kings, which held that monarchs ruled by God's authority alone.
2) Wars over religion and power engulfed countries like the Netherlands, Spain, France, and Sweden. In England, the Tudor monarchs increased royal power but allowed Parliament a role in government, bringing stability.
3) Rulers like Peter the Great of Russia enhanced their countries' military strength while also increasing social stratification internally. Externally, they sought more contacts with Western Europe.
History of Poland English2
- The history of Poland began over 1,000 years ago when three brothers - Lech, Czech, and Rus - split up to find lands to settle with their people. Lech came upon a beautiful spot with an oak tree where a white eagle had its nest, and decided to establish his kingdom there, naming the capital Gniezno ("nest" in Polish).
- In 966, Mieszko I, the first ruler of the Polans tribe, converted to Christianity, marking Poland's first recorded historical event. His son Bolesław unified the traditional Polish lands and became the first King of Poland in 1025.
- After Bolesław's death in 1138, the
The Great War
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. Over the next four years, the war engulfed Europe and much of the world, resulting in unprecedented carnage and destruction. It also had profound political consequences, including the collapse of several empires and the Russian Revolution. The aftermath of World War I redrew the map of Europe and laid the groundwork for new conflicts.
The Habsburgs (MInor Austrias)
The last three kings of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty were Philip III, Philip IV, and Charles II. This period was marked by economic and demographic crisis for Spain due to wars, disease, and the expulsion of the Moriscos. However, Spanish culture flourished. Charles II died without an heir in 1700, leading to the War of Spanish Succession and the replacement of the Habsburgs with the Bourbon dynasty as rulers of Spain. The inbreeding of the Habsburgs also left Charles II physically and mentally disabled.
Painting and Politics in the Vatican Museum: Jan Matejko's "Sobieski at Vien...
On the Polish painter, Jan Matejko, and how one of his most important paintings came to be housed in the Vatican Museum. Much attention is paid to Matejko’s religious beliefs, his views on Ukrainians/Ruthenians, and how, in contrast to most Polish observers, he considered Sobieski to have been Poland’s ideal “Ruthenian king.” Matejko was a strong supporter of the Eastern Rite Catholic churches, especially the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. And Sobieski was a deeply religious king and defender of Christendom from the Turks.
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Painting and Politics in the Vatican Museum: Jan Matejko's "Sobieski at Vien...
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Ferenc II Rákóczi
- 1. Ferenc II Rákóczi Benedict S. Gombocz
- 2. Early life Early life Ferenc II Rákóczi was born to an aristocratic Magyar (Hungarian) family on March 27, 1676 in Borsi, Kingdom of Hungary (now Borša, Slovakia). Both his father and his stepfather played leading roles in revolts against the Habsburgs, and Rákóczi grew up with a feeling of Magyar patriotism. Following the fall of Munkács (Мукачеве, Mukacheve) to the Austrians in 1688, he was separated from his mother, Ilyona Zrínyi, and taken to Vienna, where he was put in a Jesuit college in Bohemia (Böhmen) to be raised in Austrian ways. Ferenc II Rákóczi’s birth home, modern day Borša, Slovakia
- 3. Ottoman Hungary Circa 1572 Circa 1683
- 4. Return to Hungary Return to Hungary In 1694, Rákóczi returned to his Hungarian estates, having overlooked his heritage. His fellow Hungarian nobles nevertheless inspired him to have hope for the Hungarian cause. One day ahead of the War of the Spanish Succession, Rákóczi and his fellow magnates sought out assistance from King Louis XIV of France. Their intermediary were not loyal to Rákóczi’s trust, and he was arrested and detained, and evaded death with assistance from his wife by leaving his cell disguised. After spending two years in Poland, he returned to Hungary in 1703, placing himself as the leader of the peasant uprising called the Kuruc (Kurucok) uprising. Even though he originally had substantial success, the 1704 Anglo- Austrian victory at Blenheim ruined any chances of help from the French and of eventual triumph (fighting in Hungary, however, did not end until 1711). Kuruc (Kurucok) uprising
- 6. Defeat The Transylvanians, in the meantime, turned to Rákóczi to reinstate their independence; they made him prince on July 6, 1704, which caused the devastation of any optimism for negotiations with the King of Hungary at the time, Leopold I (I. Lipót). France did not provide effective assistance, Rákóczi’s attempts to win the Russian Tsar Peter I’s aid against Austria were not successful, and his peasant armies dealt further significant losses; on February 21, 1711, just a few months ahead of the signing of the Peace of Szatmár with the Austrians, he finally left Hungary for good. Leopold I (I. Lipót)
- 7. Exile and death Exile and death After he sought safe haven in in Poland and France, Rákóczi, on the offer of the Sultan to assist in creating an army against the Austrians, went to Constantinople in 1717. However, peace was reached before his arrival, the Sultan no longer needed his help, and Rákóczi spent his last years in exile in Tekirdağ, Turkey; he died there on April 8, 1735, almost two weeks after his 59th birthday. Rákóczi’s exile
- 8. Tekirdağ
- 9. Statue of Ferenc II Rákóczi behind the Hungarian Parliament, Budapest
- 10. Ferenc II Rákóczi’s grave, Košice (Kaschau, Kassa)
- 11. II. Rákóczi Ferenc Gimnázium
- 12. References and other sites http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490227/Ferenc-Rakoczi-II Other sites: http://www.rakocziszovetseg.org/tartalom/helyi_szervezetek/2012/latin_verseny.pdf