female reproductive system

1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM – ANATOMY AND
FUNCTION

2. INTRODUCTION
• Female reproductive system is made up
of internal and external sex organs that
function in the reproduction of new
offspring.
• Human female reproductive system is
immature at birth and develops at
puberty to produce gametes.

3. Produce sex
hormones (
Estrogen ,
Progesterone)
Produce egg
(ova)
Support and
protect
developing
embryo
Give birth to
new baby

4. MAJOR ORGANS
Ovaries ( Gonads )
Uterine tubes ( Fallopian tubes )
Uterus ( womb)
Vagina
External genitalia ( Vulva)
Breasts

5. OVARIES
• Also known as female gonads
• Paired structures located in the
upper pelvic cavity.
• Ovaries produce egg (ova)
• Every female is born with a
lifetime supply of eggs.
• Secretion of female sex
hormones – Estrogen and
progesterone.

7. UTERINE TUBES ( FALLOPIAN TUBES )
• Each fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long .
• Fertilization of ovum takes place in the upper portion of Fallopian
tube (ampulla)
Infundibulum Ampulla
Isthmus Uterine part

8. UTERUS ( WOMB)
• Pear- shaped muscular organ.
• Cervix is lower portion of the
uterus that connects with the
vagina and serve as sphincter to
keep the uterus closed during
pregnancy until it is time to deliver
a baby.
• Uterus expands considerably
during the reproductive process.

9. • The walls of uterus composed of three layers
of tissues.
PERIMETRIUM
• Outer thin
covering
MYOMETRIUM
• Middle thick
layer
• Smooth
muscle fibers
• Contracts
during
delivery of
baby
ENDOMETRIUM
• Inner
glandular layer
• Undergoes
cyclical
changes
during
menstrual
cycle.

10. ENDOMETRIUM
• Innermost layer as a lining for the uterus.
• During the menstrual cycle , the endometrium grows to
a thick , blood vessel – rich , glandular tissue layer
• Endometrium is central , echogenic ( detectable using
ultrasound scanners) and has an average thickness of
6.7 mm.
• During pregnancy , the blood vessels in the
endometrium further increase in size and forming
placenta.
• Placenta supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo .

11. During pregnancy , the blood vessels in the
endometrium further increase in size and forming
placenta.
Placenta supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo

12. VAGINA
A tube about 10 cm long
Easily stretched
Connecting external genitals to the
uterus
Passageway for menstrual flow
Serves as receptacle for sperm
during intercourse
Birth canal during labour

13. EXTERNAL GENITALIA ( VULVA)
External urinary opening
is below the clitoris and
passage for urine.
Opening of vagina is
separate from urinary
opening .
Hymen is thin fold of
tissue which partially
covers the opening of the
vagina

14. CERVIX
• Lower portion of the uterus
• Cervix is lined with mucus , known as cervical mucus.
Cervical mucus provides lubrication and
sperm transport during sexual intercourse.
During ovulation secretion of cervical
mucus increases in response to estrogen.
Cervix acts as passage through which
baby exits the uterus into vagina

15. FUNCTIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Ovary produce ova (oogenesis)
Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube (oviduct)
After puberty the uterus goes through menstrual cycle.
Impantation and prenatal growth takes place in the
uterus.
Parturition is also important function of the female
reproductive system
Mammary glands of the female secrete milk after
parturition