Topics to be discussed- Introduction How Does FEM Works? Types Of Engineering Analysis Uses of FEM in different fields How can the FEM Help the Design Engineer? How can the FEM Help the Design Organization? Basic Steps & Phases Involved In FEM Advantages and disadvantages The Future Scope References.

1. Presented By:
Utkarsh Dwivedi
(02/FMPE-P/20)
Finite Element Method for Design of Machine
Presented To:
Dr. S.K. Satpathy
(Dept. Of FMPE)

2.  Introduction
 How Does FEM Works?
 Types Of Engineering Analysis
 Uses of FEM in different fields
 How can the FEM Help the Design Engineer?
 How can the FEM Help the Design Organization?
 Basic Steps & Phases Involved In FEM
 Advantages and disadvantages
 The Future Scope
 References.

3.  The Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical technique
for finding approximate solutions to boundary value problems
for partial differential equations.
 In simple terms, FEM is a method for dividing up a very
complicated problem into small elements that can be solved in
relation to each other.
 It is useful for problems with complicated geometries,
loadings, and material properties where analytical solutions
can not be obtained and it is also known as Finite Element
Analysis (FEA).

4.  FEM uses a complex system of points called nodes which
make a grid called a mesh.
 This mesh is programmed to contain the material and
structural properties which define how the structure will react
to certain loading conditions.
 Nodes are assigned at a certain density throughout the material
depending on the anticipated stress levels of a particular area.

5.  Regions which will receive large amounts of stress usually
have a higher node density than those which experience little
or no stress. Points of interest may consist of: fracture point of
previously tested material, fillets, corners, complex detail, and
high stress areas.
 The mesh acts like a spider web in that from each node, there
extends a mesh element to each of the adjacent nodes. This
web of vectors is what carries the material properties to the
object, creating many elements.

6. Structural Analysis :
 Structural Analysis consists of linear and non-linear models.
Linear models use simple parameters and assume that the
material is not plastically deformed.
 Non-linear models consist of stressing the material past its
elastic capabilities. The stresses in the material then vary with
the amount of deformation.

7. Vibrational Analysis :
 It is used to test a material against random vibrations, shock,
and impact. Each of these incidences may act on the natural
vibrational frequency of the material which, in turn, may cause
resonance and subsequent failure.
Analysis of
vibrations
in
bridges

8. Fatigue Analysis :
 Fatigue analysis helps designers to predict the life of a
material or structure by showing the effects of cyclic loading
on the specimen. Such analysis can show the areas where
crack propagation is most likely to occur. Failure due to
fatigue may also show the damage tolerance of the material.
Analysis of
fatigue in frames
of a
locomotive

9. Heat Transfer Analysis :
 Heat transfer analysis models the conductivity or thermal fluid
dynamics of the material or structure . This may consist of a
steady state or transient transfer. Steady-state transfer refers to
constant thermal properties in the material that yield linear
heat diffusion.
Thermal
Analysis
of Shell &
Tube
Heat
exchanger

10. 1. Crash Analysis for a Car (from LS-
DYNA3D)

11. 3. Can Drop Test

12. Load towing capacity of hook

14.  Easily applied to complex, irregular-shaped objects composed
of several different materials and having complex boundary
conditions.
 Applicable to steady-state, time dependent and eigenvalue
problems.
 Applicable to linear and nonlinear problems.
 One method can solve a wide variety of problems, including
problems in solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, chemical
reactions, electromagnetics, biomechanics, heat transfer and
acoustics, etc.

15.  Reduced testing and redesign costs thereby shortening the
product development time.
 Identify issues in designs before tooling is committed.
 Refine components before dependencies to other components
prohibit changes.
 Optimize performance before prototyping.
 Discover design problems before litigation.

16.  Steps :
 Discretization
 Selection of approximation of functions
 Formation of elemental stiffness matrix
 Formation of total stiffness matrix
 Formation of element loading matrix
 Formation of total loading matrix
 Formation of overall equilibrium equation
 Implementation of boundary condition
 Calculation of unknown nodal displacements
 Calculation of stresses and strains

17. Pre–Processing:
 Here a finite element mesh is developed to divide the given
geometry into subdomains for mathematical analysis and the
material properties are applied and also the boundary
conditions
Solution:
 In this phase governing matrix equations are derived and the
solution for the primary quantities is generated.

18. Post-Processing:
 In the last phase, checking of the validity of the
solution generated , examination of the values of
primary quantities such as displacement and stresses,
errors involved is carried out.

19.  Can readily handle complex geometry.
 Can handle complex analysis types like vibration, heat transfer,
fluids etc.
 Can handle complex loading:
i Node-based loading (point loads).
ii. Element-based loading (pressure, thermal, inertial forces).
iii. Time or frequency dependent loading.
Can handle complex restraints: Indeterminate structures can be
analysed.

20.  Can handle bodies comprised of nonhomogeneous materials: Can
handle bodies comprised of non-isotropic materials: Orthotropic
& Anisotropic.
 Special material effects are handled such as temperature
dependent properties , plasticity , creep , swelling etc.

21.  A specific numerical result is obtained for a specific problem.
 The FEM is applied to an approximation of the mathematical
model of a system (the source of so-called inherited errors).
 Experience and judgment are needed in order to construct a
good finite element model.
 A powerful computer and reliable FEM software are essential.

22.  Input and output data may be large and tedious to prepare and
interpret.
 Numerical errors such as the limitation of the number of
significant digits, rounding –off occur very often.
 Fluid elements with boundaries at infinity can be computed
and treated by using boundary element method.

23.  ANSYS
 NASTRAN
 PATRAN
 NISA / DISPLAY III
 LS DYNA
 HYPERMESH
 CATIA
 Pro-E(CREO)
 SOLID WORKS
 COSMOS

24.  Looking into a crystal ball to predict the future is hardly
appropriate for a scientist or an engineer, but it might be worth
re -emphasizing that Computational Electromagnetics is a very
active area of research, the achievements to date are
considerable and the tremendous effort continues.
 General purpose and specialised software packages offer
flexible approach to design and virtual prototyping
increasingly becomes a norm rather than an exception. One of
the challenges is to ‘keep up’ with the technology; this may be
accomplished by regularly monitoring what is reported at
relevant conferences and other events.

25.  https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTrSpr5dR
QqFuW1ymHecisavhBO7aIzzPrXCZ_l0g_bUks664iiPlfw1ddTE0
oYf9NYlw&usqp=CAU
 www.wikipedia.com
 Charanjiv Gupta, FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AS AN AID TO
MACHINE DESIGN: A COMPUTATIONAL TOOL