This paper investigates the usage of some sophisticated and advanced nonlinear control algorithms inorder
to control a nonlinear Coupled Tanks System. The first control procedure is called the
Feedbacklinearisation control (FLC), this type of control has been found a successful in achieving a global
exponentialasymptotic stability, with very short time response, no significant overshooting is recordedand with a negligible norm of the error. The second control procedure is the approaches of Backsteppingcontrol (BC) which is a recursive procedure that interlaces the choice of a Lyapunov functionwith the design of feedback control, from simulation results it shown that this method preserves tracking, robust control and it can often solve stabilization problems with less restrictive conditions may beencountered in other methods. Finally both of the proposed control schemes guarantee theasymptoticstability of the closed loop system meeting trajectory tracking objectives
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL PID CONTROLLER AND FUZZY CONTROLLER WIT...IJITCA Journal
All the real systems exhibits non-linear nature,conventional controllers are not always able to provide good and accurate results. Fuzzy Logic Control is used to obtain better response. A model for simulation is designed and all the assumptions are made before the development of the model. An attempt has been made to analyze the efficiency of a fuzzy controller over a conventional PID controller for a three tank level control system using fuzzification & defuzzification methods and their responses are compared. Analysis is done through computer simulation using Matlab/Simulink toolbox. This study shows that the application of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) gives the best response with triangular membership function and centroid defuzzification method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Behavioural analysis of a complex manufacturing system having queue in the ma...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the reliability characteristics of a complex manufacturing system with three subsystems (A, B, C) connected in series and incorporating a queue in the maintenance section.
2. Subsystems A and B each contain a main and redundant unit, while subsystem C contains two parallel units. All units can fail and queue for repair at the maintenance section.
3. Using supplementary variable technique and Gumble-Hougaard copula methodology, the paper obtains reliability characteristics like steady state behavior, availability, reliability and mean time to failure while accounting for the repair queue.
Robust fault detection for switched positive linear systems with time varying...ISA Interchange
This paper investigates the problem of robust fault detection for a class of switched positive linear systems with time-varying delays. The fault detection filter is used as the residual generator, in which the filter parameters are dependent on the system mode. Attention is focused on designing the positive filter such that, for model uncertainties, unknown inputs and the control inputs, the error between the residual and fault is minimized. The problem of robust fault detection is converted into a positive L1 filtering problem. Subsequently, by constructing an appropriate multiple co-positive type Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, as well as using the average dwell time approach, sufficient conditions for the solvability of this problem are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Two illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed results.
Design of de-coupler for an interacting tanks systemIOSR Journals
This document describes the design of a decoupler for a two-tank interacting system. It first provides background on interacting or coupled multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems and the goal of decoupling. It then presents the mathematical model and dynamics of the two-tank system. Next, it analyzes the interaction between the two tanks' liquid levels and inlet flow rates. The relative gain array (RGA) method is used to determine appropriate control loop configurations to minimize interaction. Finally, the document derives equations to design decouplers to cancel the effect of one tank's flow rate on the other tank's liquid level, thereby rendering the system as two independent single-input single-output loops. Experimental results
Chapter 3 mathematical modeling of dynamic systemLenchoDuguma
The document discusses mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, including obtaining differential equations to represent system dynamics, different representations like transfer functions and impulse response functions, using block diagrams to visualize system components and signal flows, modeling various physical systems like mechanical, electrical, and thermal systems, and representing systems using signal flow graphs. It provides examples of obtaining transfer functions for different system types and using block diagram reduction techniques to find overall transfer functions.
- The document details a state space solver approach for analog mixed-signal simulations using SystemC. It models analog circuits as sets of linear differential equations and solves them using the Runge-Kutta method of numerical integration.
- Two examples are provided: a digital voltage regulator simulation and a digital phase locked loop simulation. Both analog circuits are modeled in state space and simulated alongside a digital design to verify mixed-signal behavior.
- The state space approach allows modeling analog circuits without transistor-level details, improving simulation speed over traditional mixed-mode simulations while still capturing system-level behavior.
On selection of periodic kernels parameters in time series predictioncsandit
This document discusses parameter selection for periodic kernels used in time series prediction. Periodic kernels are a type of kernel function used in kernel regression to perform nonparametric time series prediction. The document examines how the parameters of two periodic kernels - the first periodic kernel (FPK) and second periodic kernel (SPK) - influence prediction error. It presents an easy methodology for finding parameter values based on grid search. This methodology was tested on benchmark and real datasets and showed satisfactory results.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL PID CONTROLLER AND FUZZY CONTROLLER WIT...IJITCA Journal
All the real systems exhibits non-linear nature,conventional controllers are not always able to provide good and accurate results. Fuzzy Logic Control is used to obtain better response. A model for simulation is designed and all the assumptions are made before the development of the model. An attempt has been made to analyze the efficiency of a fuzzy controller over a conventional PID controller for a three tank level control system using fuzzification & defuzzification methods and their responses are compared. Analysis is done through computer simulation using Matlab/Simulink toolbox. This study shows that the application of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) gives the best response with triangular membership function and centroid defuzzification method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Behavioural analysis of a complex manufacturing system having queue in the ma...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the reliability characteristics of a complex manufacturing system with three subsystems (A, B, C) connected in series and incorporating a queue in the maintenance section.
2. Subsystems A and B each contain a main and redundant unit, while subsystem C contains two parallel units. All units can fail and queue for repair at the maintenance section.
3. Using supplementary variable technique and Gumble-Hougaard copula methodology, the paper obtains reliability characteristics like steady state behavior, availability, reliability and mean time to failure while accounting for the repair queue.
Robust fault detection for switched positive linear systems with time varying...ISA Interchange
This paper investigates the problem of robust fault detection for a class of switched positive linear systems with time-varying delays. The fault detection filter is used as the residual generator, in which the filter parameters are dependent on the system mode. Attention is focused on designing the positive filter such that, for model uncertainties, unknown inputs and the control inputs, the error between the residual and fault is minimized. The problem of robust fault detection is converted into a positive L1 filtering problem. Subsequently, by constructing an appropriate multiple co-positive type Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, as well as using the average dwell time approach, sufficient conditions for the solvability of this problem are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Two illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed results.
Design of de-coupler for an interacting tanks systemIOSR Journals
This document describes the design of a decoupler for a two-tank interacting system. It first provides background on interacting or coupled multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems and the goal of decoupling. It then presents the mathematical model and dynamics of the two-tank system. Next, it analyzes the interaction between the two tanks' liquid levels and inlet flow rates. The relative gain array (RGA) method is used to determine appropriate control loop configurations to minimize interaction. Finally, the document derives equations to design decouplers to cancel the effect of one tank's flow rate on the other tank's liquid level, thereby rendering the system as two independent single-input single-output loops. Experimental results
Chapter 3 mathematical modeling of dynamic systemLenchoDuguma
The document discusses mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, including obtaining differential equations to represent system dynamics, different representations like transfer functions and impulse response functions, using block diagrams to visualize system components and signal flows, modeling various physical systems like mechanical, electrical, and thermal systems, and representing systems using signal flow graphs. It provides examples of obtaining transfer functions for different system types and using block diagram reduction techniques to find overall transfer functions.
- The document details a state space solver approach for analog mixed-signal simulations using SystemC. It models analog circuits as sets of linear differential equations and solves them using the Runge-Kutta method of numerical integration.
- Two examples are provided: a digital voltage regulator simulation and a digital phase locked loop simulation. Both analog circuits are modeled in state space and simulated alongside a digital design to verify mixed-signal behavior.
- The state space approach allows modeling analog circuits without transistor-level details, improving simulation speed over traditional mixed-mode simulations while still capturing system-level behavior.
On selection of periodic kernels parameters in time series predictioncsandit
This document discusses parameter selection for periodic kernels used in time series prediction. Periodic kernels are a type of kernel function used in kernel regression to perform nonparametric time series prediction. The document examines how the parameters of two periodic kernels - the first periodic kernel (FPK) and second periodic kernel (SPK) - influence prediction error. It presents an easy methodology for finding parameter values based on grid search. This methodology was tested on benchmark and real datasets and showed satisfactory results.
Hierarchical algorithms of quasi linear ARX Neural Networks for Identificatio...Yuyun Wabula
This document summarizes a research paper on hierarchical algorithms for training a quasi-linear ARX neural network model for identification of nonlinear systems. The key points are:
1) A hierarchical algorithm is proposed that first estimates the system using a linear sub-model and least squares estimation to obtain linear parameters. It then trains a neural network nonlinear sub-model to refine the errors of the linear sub-model.
2) The linear parameter estimates are fixed and used as biases for the neural network, which is trained to minimize the residual errors of the linear sub-model.
3) This hierarchical approach separates the identification into linear and nonlinear parts, allowing analysis of the system linearly while also capturing nonlinearities. The neural
This document provides a tutorial on the RESTART rare event simulation technique. RESTART introduces nested sets of states (C1 to CM) defined by importance thresholds. When the process enters a set Ci, Ri simulation retrials are performed within that set until exiting. This oversamples high importance regions to estimate rare event probabilities more efficiently than crude simulation. The document analyzes RESTART's efficiency, deriving formulas for the variance of its estimator and gain over crude simulation. Guidelines are also provided for choosing an optimal importance function to maximize efficiency. Examples applying the guidelines to queueing networks and reliable systems are presented.
Scilab Finite element solver for stationary and incompressible navier-stokes ...Scilab
In this paper we show how Scilab can be used to solve Navier-stokes equations, for the incompressible and stationary planar flow. Three examples have been presented and some comparisons with reference solutions are provided.
A time study in numerical methods programmingGlen Alleman
With the digital computer firmly established as a
research tool used by the scientist and engineer alike, a
careful examination of some of the techniques used to solve
the problems faced by the scientific user is warranted,
This paper describes a test undertaken to determine the
effectiveness of two different programming languages in
providing solutions to numerical analysis problems found
in scientific investigation. Some of the questions asked
were; 1) Can APL compete with a batch processed FORTRAN
job in solving common numerical analysis problems?
2) Is it useful to trade execution speed for code density
or vice-versa? 3) Is APL an easier language, from the
view-point of the novice user, in which to code his problem?
4) Can APL be cost effective in an environment where large
"number-crunching" problems are an everyday event,
Compensation of Data-Loss in Attitude Control of Spacecraft Systems rinzindorjej
In this paper, a comprehensive comparison of two robust estimation techniques namely, compensated closed-loop Kalman filtering and open-loop Kalman filtering is presented. A common problem of data loss in a real-time control system is investigated through these two schemes. The open-loop scheme, dealing with the data-loss, suffers from several shortcomings. These shortcomings are overcome using compensated scheme, where an accommodating observation signal is obtained through linear prediction technique -- a closed-loop setting and is adopted at a posteriori update step. The calculation and employment of accommodating observation signal causes computational complexity. For simulation purpose, a linear time invariant spacecraft model is however, obtained from the nonlinear spacecraft attitude dynamics through linearization at nonzero equilibrium points -- achieved off-line through Levenberg-Marguardt iterative scheme. Attempt has been made to analyze the selected example from most of the perspectives in order to display the performance of the two techniques.
IMC Based Fractional Order Controller for Three Interacting Tank ProcessTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document presents a study on using Internal Model Control (IMC) with fractional-order filters for controlling the liquid level in a three interacting tank process. The third-order nonlinear model of the three tank system is first reduced to a fractional-order first-order plus dead time (FO-FOPDT) model to simplify the controller design. IMC controllers with different integer and fractional-order filters are then designed and optimized using a genetic algorithm. Simulations show that the fractional-order modeled system and fractional-order filters achieve better control performance than conventional integer-order approaches.
Implementing an ATL Model Checker tool using Relational Algebra conceptsinfopapers
This document describes the implementation of an ATL (Alternating-Time Temporal Logic) model checker using relational algebra concepts. The model checker is implemented in a client-server paradigm, with the client allowing interactive construction of ATL models as directed multi-graphs. The server embeds an ATL model checking algorithm using ANTLR and relational algebra expressions translated to SQL queries. A key contribution is the implementation of the Pre(A,Θ) function, which computes the set of states agents A can enforce the system into states in Θ in one move, using relational algebra expressions and SQL. The tool was developed to improve applicability of ATL model checking for general-purpose software design.
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION AND MODELING FOR INTERACTING AND NON-INTERACTING TANK S...ijistjournal
System identification from the experimental data plays a vital role for model based controller design. Derivation of process model from first principles is often difficult due to its complexity. The first stage in the development of any control and monitoring system is the identification and modeling of the system. Each model is developed within the context of a specific control problem. Thus, the need for a general system identification framework is warranted. The proposed framework should be able to adapt and emphasize different properties based on the control objective and the nature of the behavior of the system. Therefore, system identification has been a valuable tool in identifying the model of the system based on the input and output data for the design of the controller. The present work is concerned with the identification of transfer function models using statistical model identification, process reaction curve method, ARX model, genetic algorithm and modeling using neural network and fuzzy logic for interacting and non interacting tank process. The identification technique and modeling used is prone to parameter change & disturbance. The proposed methods are used for identifying the mathematical model and intelligent model of interacting and non interacting process from the real time experimental data.
EFFECT OF TWO EXOSYSTEM STRUCTURES ON OUTPUT REGULATION OF THE RTAC SYSTEMijctcm
This paper presents results on the output regulation of a single-input multi-output (SIMO) rotationaltranslational actuator (RTAC) system. The results focus primarily on stability and robustness, which are
studied in light of the presence of externally generated exogenous input signals. Two exosystem types were
investigated and tested. Obtained results answers the question of asymptotic stabilization and tracking of a
desired trajectory in the presence of a dynamic exosystem. The results confirmed the working theory of
robust stabilization using output feedback techniques, borne out of differential-geometric observer design
principles. The utilized design showed good stability results which compares favourably with existing
works on RTAC stabilization.
Scalability in Model Checking through Relational DatabasesCSCJournals
This document discusses an ATL model checking tool that uses relational databases to improve scalability. The tool allows designers to interactively build models as directed graphs and verify properties expressed as ATL formulas. The key contributions are implementing the Pre function using relational algebra expressions translated to SQL, and generating an ATL model checker from a grammar specification using ANTLR. Relational databases improve performance by efficiently representing large models for verification.
Flocking Control In Networks of Multiple VTOL Agents with Nonlinear and Under...CSCJournals
In this paper, the problem of flocking control in networks of multiple Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) agents with nonlinear and under-actuated features is addressed. Compared with the widely used double-integrator model, the VTOL agents are distinguished with nonlinear and under-actuated dynamics and cannot be linearly parameterized. A unified and systematic procedure is employed to design the flocking controllers by using the backstepping technique to guarantee multi-agents to arrive at a fixed formation and converge in a desired geometric pattern whose centroid move along a desired trajectory. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new design.
Urban strategies to promote resilient cities The case of enhancing Historic C...inventionjournals
This research tackles disaster prevention problems in dense urban areas, concentrating on the urban fire challenge in Historic Cairo district, Egypt, through disaster risk management approach. The study area suffers from the strike of several urban fire outbreaks, that resulted in disfiguring historic monuments and destroying unregulated traditional markets. Therefore, the study investigates the significance of hazard management and how can urban strategies improve the city resilient through reducing the impact of natural and man-made threats. The main findings of the research are the determination of the vulnerability factors in Historic Cairo district, either regarding management deficiency or issues related to the existing urban form. It is found that the absence of the mitigation and preparedness phases is the main problem in the risk management cycle in the case study. Additionally, the coping initiatives adopted by local authorities to address risks are random and insufficient. The study concludes with recommendations which invoke incorporating hazard management stages (pre disaster, during disaster and post disaster) into the process of evolving development planning. Finally, solutions are offered to mitigate, prepare, respond and recover from fire disasters in the case study. The solutions include urban policies, land-use planning, urban design outlines, safety regulation and public awareness and training.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a two-step sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) approach to analyze software reliability growth model (SRGM) data. Specifically, it applies the approach to the Half Logistic Software Reliability Growth Model (HLSRGM). The SPRT approach allows drawing conclusions about software reliability from sequential or continuous monitoring of failure data, potentially reaching conclusions more quickly than traditional hypothesis testing. Equations are provided for determining acceptance, rejection, and continuation regions based on comparing observed failure counts to lines derived from the HLSRGM mean value function. The approach is applied to five sets of existing software failure data to analyze results.
Model reduction of unstable systems based on balanced truncation algorithm IJECEIAES
Model reduction of a system is an approximation of a higher-order system to a lower-order system while the dynamic behavior of the system is almost unchanged. In this paper, we will discuss model order reduction (MOR) strategies for unstable systems, in which the method based on the balanced truncation algorithm will be focused on. Since each MOR algorithm has its strengths and weakness, practical applications should be suitable for each specific requirement. Simulation results will demonstrate the correctness of the algorithms.
Hybrid Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Timedelay Systemijaia
This document describes a hybrid fuzzy sliding mode controller for time-delay systems. It begins by introducing time-delay systems and discussing sliding mode control as a suitable technique. It then presents the design of a sliding surface for the error function of a nonlinear time-delay system. Next, it describes constructing a fuzzy logic controller by designing a fuzzy rule base using the generated error signals. Simulation results found the proposed scheme to be robust even with perturbed system parameters. The aim is to develop an effective control algorithm for highly unstable nonlinear systems such as aerospace systems.
Machiwal, D. y Jha, MK (2012). Modelado estocástico de series de tiempo. En A...SandroSnchezZamora
This document provides an overview of stochastic modelling and different stochastic processes that are commonly used, including:
- Purely random (white noise) processes where data points are independent and identically distributed
- Autoregressive (AR) processes where each data point is modeled as a linear combination of previous data points plus noise
- Moving average (MA) processes where each data point is modeled as a linear combination of previous noise terms plus a constant
- Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes which combine AR and MA processes
- Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) processes which explicitly include differencing to make time series stationary
Robust sdre filter design for nonlinear uncertain systems with an h performan...ISA Interchange
In order to remedy the effects of modeling uncertainty, measurement noise and input disturbance on the performance of the standard state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) filter, a new robust H∞H∞ SDRE filter design is developed in this paper. Based on the infinity-norm minimization criterion, the proposed filter effectively estimates the states of nonlinear uncertain system exposed to unknown disturbance inputs. Moreover, by assuming a mild Lipschitz condition on the chosen state-dependent coefficient form, fulfillment of a modified H∞H∞ performance index is guaranteed in the proposed filter. The effectiveness of the robust SDRE filter is demonstrated through numerical simulations where it brilliantly outperforms the conventional SDRE filter in presence of model uncertainties, disturbance and measurement noise, in terms of estimation error and region of convergence.
A comparative study of controllers for stabilizing a rotary inverted pendulumijccmsjournal
The document describes a comparative study of various controllers - PID, LQR, fuzzy logic, and H-infinity - for stabilizing a rotary inverted pendulum (RIP) system. The controllers are modeled and tested in MATLAB Simulink. Key findings:
- PID control stabilizes the pendulum angle to zero within 1 second.
- LQR control stabilizes the pendulum angle to zero within 1.5 seconds.
- Fuzzy logic control stabilizes the pendulum angle within 0.5 seconds.
- H-infinity control provides robust stabilization of the RIP system.
A Comparative study of controllers for stabilizing a Rotary Inverted Pendulumijccmsjournal
This paper describes comparative study of various controllers on Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP). PID,
LQR, FUZZY LOGIC and H∞ controllers are tried on RIP in MatLab Simulink. The same four controllers
have been tested on test bed of RIP system the controllers are compared from various aspects. The
controllers in simulink are compared with the controllers in real time.
Comparison of backstepping, sliding mode and PID regulators for a voltage inv...IJECEIAES
In the present paper, an efficient and performant nonlinear regulator is designed for the control of the pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage inverter that can be used in a standalone photovoltaic microgrid. The main objective of our control is to produce a sinusoidal voltage output signal with amplitude and frequency that are fixed by the reference signal for different loads including linear or nonlinear types. A comparative performance study of controllers based on linear and non-linear techniques such as backstepping, sliding mode, and proportional integral derivative (PID) is developed to ensure the best choice among these three types of controllers. The performance of the system is investigated and compared under various operating conditions by simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control methods. Our investigation shows that the backstepping controller can give better performance than the sliding mode and PID controllers. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed backstepping controller are verified experimentally in terms of tracking objectives.
Global stabilization of a class of nonlinear system based on reduced order st...ijcisjournal
The problem of global stabilization for a class of nonlinear system is considered in this paper.The sufficient
condition of the global stabilization of this class of system is obtained by deducing thestabilization of itself
from the stabilization of its subsystems. This paper will come up with a designmethod of state feedback
control law to make this class of nonlinear system stable, and indicate the efficiency of the conclusion of
this paper via a series of examples and simulations at the end. Theresults presented in this paper improve
and generalize the corresponding results of recent works.
Hierarchical algorithms of quasi linear ARX Neural Networks for Identificatio...Yuyun Wabula
This document summarizes a research paper on hierarchical algorithms for training a quasi-linear ARX neural network model for identification of nonlinear systems. The key points are:
1) A hierarchical algorithm is proposed that first estimates the system using a linear sub-model and least squares estimation to obtain linear parameters. It then trains a neural network nonlinear sub-model to refine the errors of the linear sub-model.
2) The linear parameter estimates are fixed and used as biases for the neural network, which is trained to minimize the residual errors of the linear sub-model.
3) This hierarchical approach separates the identification into linear and nonlinear parts, allowing analysis of the system linearly while also capturing nonlinearities. The neural
This document provides a tutorial on the RESTART rare event simulation technique. RESTART introduces nested sets of states (C1 to CM) defined by importance thresholds. When the process enters a set Ci, Ri simulation retrials are performed within that set until exiting. This oversamples high importance regions to estimate rare event probabilities more efficiently than crude simulation. The document analyzes RESTART's efficiency, deriving formulas for the variance of its estimator and gain over crude simulation. Guidelines are also provided for choosing an optimal importance function to maximize efficiency. Examples applying the guidelines to queueing networks and reliable systems are presented.
Scilab Finite element solver for stationary and incompressible navier-stokes ...Scilab
In this paper we show how Scilab can be used to solve Navier-stokes equations, for the incompressible and stationary planar flow. Three examples have been presented and some comparisons with reference solutions are provided.
A time study in numerical methods programmingGlen Alleman
With the digital computer firmly established as a
research tool used by the scientist and engineer alike, a
careful examination of some of the techniques used to solve
the problems faced by the scientific user is warranted,
This paper describes a test undertaken to determine the
effectiveness of two different programming languages in
providing solutions to numerical analysis problems found
in scientific investigation. Some of the questions asked
were; 1) Can APL compete with a batch processed FORTRAN
job in solving common numerical analysis problems?
2) Is it useful to trade execution speed for code density
or vice-versa? 3) Is APL an easier language, from the
view-point of the novice user, in which to code his problem?
4) Can APL be cost effective in an environment where large
"number-crunching" problems are an everyday event,
Compensation of Data-Loss in Attitude Control of Spacecraft Systems rinzindorjej
In this paper, a comprehensive comparison of two robust estimation techniques namely, compensated closed-loop Kalman filtering and open-loop Kalman filtering is presented. A common problem of data loss in a real-time control system is investigated through these two schemes. The open-loop scheme, dealing with the data-loss, suffers from several shortcomings. These shortcomings are overcome using compensated scheme, where an accommodating observation signal is obtained through linear prediction technique -- a closed-loop setting and is adopted at a posteriori update step. The calculation and employment of accommodating observation signal causes computational complexity. For simulation purpose, a linear time invariant spacecraft model is however, obtained from the nonlinear spacecraft attitude dynamics through linearization at nonzero equilibrium points -- achieved off-line through Levenberg-Marguardt iterative scheme. Attempt has been made to analyze the selected example from most of the perspectives in order to display the performance of the two techniques.
IMC Based Fractional Order Controller for Three Interacting Tank ProcessTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document presents a study on using Internal Model Control (IMC) with fractional-order filters for controlling the liquid level in a three interacting tank process. The third-order nonlinear model of the three tank system is first reduced to a fractional-order first-order plus dead time (FO-FOPDT) model to simplify the controller design. IMC controllers with different integer and fractional-order filters are then designed and optimized using a genetic algorithm. Simulations show that the fractional-order modeled system and fractional-order filters achieve better control performance than conventional integer-order approaches.
Implementing an ATL Model Checker tool using Relational Algebra conceptsinfopapers
This document describes the implementation of an ATL (Alternating-Time Temporal Logic) model checker using relational algebra concepts. The model checker is implemented in a client-server paradigm, with the client allowing interactive construction of ATL models as directed multi-graphs. The server embeds an ATL model checking algorithm using ANTLR and relational algebra expressions translated to SQL queries. A key contribution is the implementation of the Pre(A,Θ) function, which computes the set of states agents A can enforce the system into states in Θ in one move, using relational algebra expressions and SQL. The tool was developed to improve applicability of ATL model checking for general-purpose software design.
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION AND MODELING FOR INTERACTING AND NON-INTERACTING TANK S...ijistjournal
System identification from the experimental data plays a vital role for model based controller design. Derivation of process model from first principles is often difficult due to its complexity. The first stage in the development of any control and monitoring system is the identification and modeling of the system. Each model is developed within the context of a specific control problem. Thus, the need for a general system identification framework is warranted. The proposed framework should be able to adapt and emphasize different properties based on the control objective and the nature of the behavior of the system. Therefore, system identification has been a valuable tool in identifying the model of the system based on the input and output data for the design of the controller. The present work is concerned with the identification of transfer function models using statistical model identification, process reaction curve method, ARX model, genetic algorithm and modeling using neural network and fuzzy logic for interacting and non interacting tank process. The identification technique and modeling used is prone to parameter change & disturbance. The proposed methods are used for identifying the mathematical model and intelligent model of interacting and non interacting process from the real time experimental data.
EFFECT OF TWO EXOSYSTEM STRUCTURES ON OUTPUT REGULATION OF THE RTAC SYSTEMijctcm
This paper presents results on the output regulation of a single-input multi-output (SIMO) rotationaltranslational actuator (RTAC) system. The results focus primarily on stability and robustness, which are
studied in light of the presence of externally generated exogenous input signals. Two exosystem types were
investigated and tested. Obtained results answers the question of asymptotic stabilization and tracking of a
desired trajectory in the presence of a dynamic exosystem. The results confirmed the working theory of
robust stabilization using output feedback techniques, borne out of differential-geometric observer design
principles. The utilized design showed good stability results which compares favourably with existing
works on RTAC stabilization.
Scalability in Model Checking through Relational DatabasesCSCJournals
This document discusses an ATL model checking tool that uses relational databases to improve scalability. The tool allows designers to interactively build models as directed graphs and verify properties expressed as ATL formulas. The key contributions are implementing the Pre function using relational algebra expressions translated to SQL, and generating an ATL model checker from a grammar specification using ANTLR. Relational databases improve performance by efficiently representing large models for verification.
Flocking Control In Networks of Multiple VTOL Agents with Nonlinear and Under...CSCJournals
In this paper, the problem of flocking control in networks of multiple Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) agents with nonlinear and under-actuated features is addressed. Compared with the widely used double-integrator model, the VTOL agents are distinguished with nonlinear and under-actuated dynamics and cannot be linearly parameterized. A unified and systematic procedure is employed to design the flocking controllers by using the backstepping technique to guarantee multi-agents to arrive at a fixed formation and converge in a desired geometric pattern whose centroid move along a desired trajectory. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new design.
Urban strategies to promote resilient cities The case of enhancing Historic C...inventionjournals
This research tackles disaster prevention problems in dense urban areas, concentrating on the urban fire challenge in Historic Cairo district, Egypt, through disaster risk management approach. The study area suffers from the strike of several urban fire outbreaks, that resulted in disfiguring historic monuments and destroying unregulated traditional markets. Therefore, the study investigates the significance of hazard management and how can urban strategies improve the city resilient through reducing the impact of natural and man-made threats. The main findings of the research are the determination of the vulnerability factors in Historic Cairo district, either regarding management deficiency or issues related to the existing urban form. It is found that the absence of the mitigation and preparedness phases is the main problem in the risk management cycle in the case study. Additionally, the coping initiatives adopted by local authorities to address risks are random and insufficient. The study concludes with recommendations which invoke incorporating hazard management stages (pre disaster, during disaster and post disaster) into the process of evolving development planning. Finally, solutions are offered to mitigate, prepare, respond and recover from fire disasters in the case study. The solutions include urban policies, land-use planning, urban design outlines, safety regulation and public awareness and training.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a two-step sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) approach to analyze software reliability growth model (SRGM) data. Specifically, it applies the approach to the Half Logistic Software Reliability Growth Model (HLSRGM). The SPRT approach allows drawing conclusions about software reliability from sequential or continuous monitoring of failure data, potentially reaching conclusions more quickly than traditional hypothesis testing. Equations are provided for determining acceptance, rejection, and continuation regions based on comparing observed failure counts to lines derived from the HLSRGM mean value function. The approach is applied to five sets of existing software failure data to analyze results.
Model reduction of unstable systems based on balanced truncation algorithm IJECEIAES
Model reduction of a system is an approximation of a higher-order system to a lower-order system while the dynamic behavior of the system is almost unchanged. In this paper, we will discuss model order reduction (MOR) strategies for unstable systems, in which the method based on the balanced truncation algorithm will be focused on. Since each MOR algorithm has its strengths and weakness, practical applications should be suitable for each specific requirement. Simulation results will demonstrate the correctness of the algorithms.
Hybrid Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Timedelay Systemijaia
This document describes a hybrid fuzzy sliding mode controller for time-delay systems. It begins by introducing time-delay systems and discussing sliding mode control as a suitable technique. It then presents the design of a sliding surface for the error function of a nonlinear time-delay system. Next, it describes constructing a fuzzy logic controller by designing a fuzzy rule base using the generated error signals. Simulation results found the proposed scheme to be robust even with perturbed system parameters. The aim is to develop an effective control algorithm for highly unstable nonlinear systems such as aerospace systems.
Machiwal, D. y Jha, MK (2012). Modelado estocástico de series de tiempo. En A...SandroSnchezZamora
This document provides an overview of stochastic modelling and different stochastic processes that are commonly used, including:
- Purely random (white noise) processes where data points are independent and identically distributed
- Autoregressive (AR) processes where each data point is modeled as a linear combination of previous data points plus noise
- Moving average (MA) processes where each data point is modeled as a linear combination of previous noise terms plus a constant
- Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes which combine AR and MA processes
- Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) processes which explicitly include differencing to make time series stationary
Robust sdre filter design for nonlinear uncertain systems with an h performan...ISA Interchange
In order to remedy the effects of modeling uncertainty, measurement noise and input disturbance on the performance of the standard state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) filter, a new robust H∞H∞ SDRE filter design is developed in this paper. Based on the infinity-norm minimization criterion, the proposed filter effectively estimates the states of nonlinear uncertain system exposed to unknown disturbance inputs. Moreover, by assuming a mild Lipschitz condition on the chosen state-dependent coefficient form, fulfillment of a modified H∞H∞ performance index is guaranteed in the proposed filter. The effectiveness of the robust SDRE filter is demonstrated through numerical simulations where it brilliantly outperforms the conventional SDRE filter in presence of model uncertainties, disturbance and measurement noise, in terms of estimation error and region of convergence.
A comparative study of controllers for stabilizing a rotary inverted pendulumijccmsjournal
The document describes a comparative study of various controllers - PID, LQR, fuzzy logic, and H-infinity - for stabilizing a rotary inverted pendulum (RIP) system. The controllers are modeled and tested in MATLAB Simulink. Key findings:
- PID control stabilizes the pendulum angle to zero within 1 second.
- LQR control stabilizes the pendulum angle to zero within 1.5 seconds.
- Fuzzy logic control stabilizes the pendulum angle within 0.5 seconds.
- H-infinity control provides robust stabilization of the RIP system.
A Comparative study of controllers for stabilizing a Rotary Inverted Pendulumijccmsjournal
This paper describes comparative study of various controllers on Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP). PID,
LQR, FUZZY LOGIC and H∞ controllers are tried on RIP in MatLab Simulink. The same four controllers
have been tested on test bed of RIP system the controllers are compared from various aspects. The
controllers in simulink are compared with the controllers in real time.
Comparison of backstepping, sliding mode and PID regulators for a voltage inv...IJECEIAES
In the present paper, an efficient and performant nonlinear regulator is designed for the control of the pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage inverter that can be used in a standalone photovoltaic microgrid. The main objective of our control is to produce a sinusoidal voltage output signal with amplitude and frequency that are fixed by the reference signal for different loads including linear or nonlinear types. A comparative performance study of controllers based on linear and non-linear techniques such as backstepping, sliding mode, and proportional integral derivative (PID) is developed to ensure the best choice among these three types of controllers. The performance of the system is investigated and compared under various operating conditions by simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control methods. Our investigation shows that the backstepping controller can give better performance than the sliding mode and PID controllers. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed backstepping controller are verified experimentally in terms of tracking objectives.
Global stabilization of a class of nonlinear system based on reduced order st...ijcisjournal
The problem of global stabilization for a class of nonlinear system is considered in this paper.The sufficient
condition of the global stabilization of this class of system is obtained by deducing thestabilization of itself
from the stabilization of its subsystems. This paper will come up with a designmethod of state feedback
control law to make this class of nonlinear system stable, and indicate the efficiency of the conclusion of
this paper via a series of examples and simulations at the end. Theresults presented in this paper improve
and generalize the corresponding results of recent works.
SLIDING CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR THE GLOBAL CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION OF IDENTICAL H...ijait
This paper establishes new results for the sliding controller design for the global chaos synchronization of identical hyperchaotic Yujun systems (2010). Hyperchaotic systems are chaotic nonlinear systems having more than one positive Lyapunov exponent. Because of the complex dynamics properties of hyperchaotic system such as high capacity, high security and high efficiency, they are very useful in secure
communication devices and data encryption. Using sliding mode control theory and Lyapunov stability theory, a general result has been obtained for the global chaos synchronization of identical chaotic nonlinear systems. As an application of this general result, this paper designs a sliding controller for the
global chaos synchronization of hyperchaotic Yujun systems. Numerical results and simulations are shown to validate the proposed sliding controller design and demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving global chaos synchronization of hyperchaotic Yujun systems.
Stability and stabilization of discrete-time systems with time-delay via Lyap...IJERA Editor
The stability and stabilization problems for discrete systems with time-delay are discussed .The stability and
stabilization criterion are expressed in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). An effective method
allowing us transforming a bilinear matrix Inequality (BMI) to a linear matrix Inequality (LMI) is developed.
Based on these conditions, a state feedback controller with gain is designed. An illustrative numerical example
is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the reliability of the results.
This paper deals with a comparative study of circle criterion based nonlinear observer and H∞ observer for induction motor (IM) drive. The advantage of the circle criterion approach for nonlinear observer design is that it directly handles the nonlinearities of the system with less restriction conditions in contrast of the other methods which attempt to eliminate them. However the H∞ observer guaranteed the stability taking into account disturbance and noise attenuation. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization approach is used to compute the gains matrices for the two observers. The simulation results show the superiority of H∞ observer in the sense that it can achieve convergence to the true state, despite the nonlinearity of model and the presence of disturbance.
This paper describes comparative study of various controllers on Rotary Inverted Pendulum (RIP). PID,
LQR, FUZZY LOGIC and H∞ controllers are tried on RIP in MatLab Simulink. The same four controllers
have been tested on test bed of RIP system the controllers are compared from various aspects. The
controllers in simulink are compared with the controllers in real time.
In the present work, Lyapunov stability theory, nonlinear adaptive control law and the parameter update
law were utilized to derive the state of two new chaotic reversal systems after being synchronized by the
function projective method. Using this technique allows for a scaling function instead of a constant thereby
giving a better method in applications in secure communication. Numerical simulations are presented to
demonstrate the effective nature of the proposed scheme of synchronization for the new chaotic reversal
system.
Philippe Guicheteau (1998) - Bifurcation theory: a tool for nonlinear flight ...Project KRIT
Philippe Guicheteau "Bifurcation theory: a tool for nonlinear flight dynamics", Phil.Trans.R.Soc.Lond.A (1998) 356, 2181-2201
This paper presents a survey of some applications of bifurcation theory in flight dynamics at ONERA (France). After describing basic nonlinear phenomena due to aerodynamics and gyroscopic torque, the theory is applied to a real combat aircraft, and its validation in flight tests is shown. Then, nonlinear problems connected with the introduction of control laws to stabilize unstable dynamic systems and transient motions are addressed.
TEST GENERATION FOR ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUITS USING HYBRID SYSTEM MODELSVLSICS Design
In this paper we propose an approach for testing time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits. The approach is based on an adaptation of a recently developed test generation technique for hybrid systems and a new concept of coverage for such systems. The approach is illustrated by its application to some benchmark circuits.
Test Generation for Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits Using Hybrid System Mode...VLSICS Design
In this paper we propose an approach for testing time-domain properties of analog and mixed-signal circuits. The approach is based on an adaptation of a recently developed test generation technique for hybrid systems and a new concept of coverage for such systems. The approach is illustrated by its application to some benchmark circuits.
This document describes a fuzzy logic controller for maintaining liquid level in a tank. It presents the concepts of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets, and explains how a fuzzy controller was developed for a single-input, single-output system to control liquid level. The controller takes the error in liquid height as input and outputs the flow rate to adjust. Membership functions were created for the input and output, and a rule base of five linguistic rules was developed to relate input error to output flow rate. The fuzzy controller was able to maintain a constant liquid level despite variations in input flow, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.
This document presents a comparative study of monotonic and non-monotonic phase linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using an improved analytical PID controller design. It discusses using gain crossover frequency and phase margin specifications to design controllers that ensure minimum phase margin inside the desired bandwidth. For the comparative study, it uses bode stability criterion, Nyquist stability criterion, and unit step response. It presents a case study comparing the design of controllers for a buck converter system, which exhibits a non-monotonic phase response, using both monotonic and non-monotonic design techniques. The results show that treating the non-monotonic system as monotonic leads to an overvalued proportional gain and undervalued derivative gain in the PID controller.
Output feedback trajectory stabilization of the uncertainty DC servomechanism...ISA Interchange
This work proposes a solution for the output feedback trajectory-tracking problem in the case of an uncertain DC servomechanism system. The system consists of a pendulum actuated by a DC motor and subject to a time-varying bounded disturbance. The control law consists of a Proportional Derivative controller and an uncertain estimator that allows compensating the effects of the unknown bounded perturbation. Because the motor velocity state is not available from measurements, a second-order sliding-mode observer permits the estimation of this variable in finite time. This last feature allows applying the Separation Principle. The convergence analysis is carried out by means of the Lyapunov method. Results obtained from numerical simulations and experiments in a laboratory prototype show the performance of the closed loop system.
DESIGN OF OBSERVER BASED QUASI DECENTRALIZED FUZZY LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROLLER ...ijfls
This paper proposes Fuzzy Quasi Decentralized Functional Observers (FQDFO) for Load Frequency Control of inter-connected power systems. From the literature, it is well noticed about the need of
Functional Observers (FO’s) for power system applications. In past, conventional Functional Observers are used. Later, these conventional Functional Observers are replaced with Quasi Decentralized
Functional Observers (QDFO) to improve the system performance. In order to increase the efficacy of the
system, intelligent controllers gained importance. Due to their expertise knowledge, which is adaptive in
nature is applied successfully for FQDFO. For supporting the validity of the proposed observer FQDFO,
it is compared with full order Luenberger observer and QDFO for a two-area inter connected power system by taking parametric uncertainties into consideration. Computational results proved the robustness of the proposed observer.
DESIGN OF OBSERVER BASED QUASI DECENTRALIZED FUZZY LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROLLER ...Wireilla
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes Fuzzy Quasi Decentralized Functional Observers (FQDFO) for Load Frequency Control of inter-connected power systems. From the literature, it is well noticed about the need of Functional Observers (FO’s) for power system applications. In past, conventional Functional Observers are used. Later, these conventional Functional Observers are replaced with Quasi Decentralized Functional Observers (QDFO) to improve the system performance. In order to increase the efficacy of the system, intelligent controllers gained importance. Due to their expertise knowledge, which is adaptive in nature is applied successfully for FQDFO. For supporting the validity of the proposed observer FQDFO, it is compared with full order Luenberger observer and QDFO for a two-area inter connected power system by taking parametric uncertainties into consideration. Computational results proved the robustness of the proposed observer.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR GLOBAL CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION OF COULLET SY...ijistjournal
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the global chaos synchronization of identical Coullet systems (1981). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the complete chaos synchronization of identical hyperchaotic systems are established using sliding control theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Coullet systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Coullet systems.
SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR GLOBAL CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION OF COULLET SY...ijistjournal
This paper derives new results for the design of sliding mode controller for the global chaos synchronization of identical Coullet systems (1981). The synchronizer results derived in this paper for the complete chaos synchronization of identical hyperchaotic systems are established using sliding control theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and convenient to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical Coullet systems. Numerical simulations are shown to illustrate and validate the synchronization schemes derived in this paper for the identical Coullet systems.
The Polysolenoid Linear Motor (PLM) have been playing a crucial role in many industrial aspects because it provides a straight motion directly without mediate mechanical actuators. Some control methods for PLM based on Rotational Motor are applied to obtain several good performances, but position and velocity constraints which are important in real systems are ignored. In this paper, we analysis control problem of tracking position in PLM under state-independent disturbances via min-max model predictive control. The proposed controller brings tracking position error converge to zero and satisfies state including position and velocity and input constraints. The simulation results validity a good efficiency of the proposed controller.
Similar to Feedback linearization and Backstepping controllers for Coupled Tanks (20)
THE PRESSURE SIGNAL CALIBRATION TECHNOLOGY OF THE COMPREHENSIVE TEST SYSTEMieijjournal
The pressure signal calibration technology of the comprehensive test system which involved pressure
sensors was studied in this paper. The melioration of pressure signal calibration methods was elaborated.
Compared with the calibration methods in the lab and after analyzing the relevant problems,the
calibration technology online was achieved. The test datum and reasons of measuring error analyzed,the
uncertainty evaluation was given and then this calibration method was proved to be feasible and accurate.
8 th International Conference on Education (EDU 2023)ieijjournal
8th International Conference on Education (EDU 2023) will provide an excellent
international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and
applications impacts and challenges of education. The conference documents practical and
theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of
Educational research. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and
practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Educational advancements and
establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art
reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Education
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
The document is a call for papers for the Informatics Engineering, an International Journal. It discusses that informatics is a rapidly developing field involving human-computer interaction and interface design. It aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry working in areas of computing, communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. Topics of interest include computational complexity, artificial intelligence, database mining, health informatics and more. Authors are invited to submit original papers by May 27, 2023.
Big data is a prominent term which characterizes the improvement and availability of data in all three
formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field of a record
or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file
includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the
extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined with three “V”
dimensions namely Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two more “V” also added i.e. Value and Veracity.
Volume denotes the size of data, Velocity depends upon the speed of the data processing, Variety is
described with the types of the data, Value which derives the business value and Veracity describes about
the quality of the data and data understandability. Nowadays, big data has become unique and preferred
research areas in the field of computer science. Many open research problems are available in big data
and good solutions also been proposed by the researchers even though there is a need for development of
many new techniques and algorithms for big data analysis in order to get optimal solutions. In this paper,
a detailed study about big data, its basic concepts, history, applications, technique, research issues and
tools are discussed.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the
specification requirements of the desired
PRACTICE OF CALIBRATION TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT ieijjournal
For the issues encountered in the special test equipment calibration work, based on the characteristics of
special test equipment, the calibration point selection,classification of calibration parameters and
calibration method of special test equipment are briefly introduced in this paper, at the same time, the
preparation and management requirements of calibration specification are described.
8th International Conference on Signal, Image Processing and Embedded Systems...ieijjournal
8th International Conference on Signal, Image Processing and Embedded Systems (SIGEM 2022) is a forum for presenting new advances and research results in the fields of Digital Image Processing and Embedded Systems.
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
Informatics is rapidly developing field. The study of informatics involves human-computer interaction and how an interface can be built to maximize user-efficiency. Due to the growth in IT, individuals and organizations increasingly process information digitally. This has led to the study of informatics to solve privacy, security, healthcare, education, poverty, and challenges in our environment.
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2022) ieijjournal
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2022) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the area advanced Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the research area. Core areas of AI and advanced multi-disciplinary and its applications will be covered during the conferences.
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
Call for papers...!!!
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)
https://airccse.org/journal/ieij/index.html
Submission Deadline: July 02, 2022
Here's where you can reach us : ieijjournal@yahoo.com or ieij@aircconline.com
http://coneco2009.com/submissions/imagination/home.html
8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (A...ieijjournal
Call for papers...!!!
8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (AIS 2022)
August 20 ~ 21, 2022, Chennai, India
https://csit2022.org/ais/index
Submission Deadline: July 02, 2022
Here's where you can reach us : ais@csit2022.org or aisconf@yahoo.com
https://csit2022.org/submission/index.php
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ) ieijjournal
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)
Submission Deadline : June 18, 2022
submission link
http://coneco2009.com/submissions/imagination/home.html
website link
https://airccse.org/journal/ieij/index.html
contact us
ieijjournal@yahoo.com or ieij@aircconline.com
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2022)ieijjournal
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2022)
August 27 ~ 28, 2022, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL:
https://www.aiad2022.org/
Submission Deadline: June 04, 2022
Contact us:
Here's where you can reach us: aiad@aiad2022.org (or) aiadconf@yahoo.com
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
call for paper
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)
Submission Deadline : May 28, 2022
Submit your paper through online :
http://coneco2009.com/submissions/imagination/home.html
Submit your paper through mail:
ieijjournal@yahoo.com or ieij@aircconline.com
for more details:
https://airccse.org/journal/ieij/index.html
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ) ieijjournal
The document is a call for papers for the Informatics Engineering, an International Journal. It discusses that informatics is a rapidly developing field involving human-computer interaction and interface design. It aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry working in areas of computing, communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. Topics of interest include computational complexity, artificial intelligence, database mining, health informatics and more. Authors are invited to submit original papers by the given deadline.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
FROM FPGA TO ASIC IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPENRISC BASED SOC FOR VOIP APPLICATIONieijjournal
ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) design verification takes as long as the designers take to describe, synthesis and implement the design. The hybrid approach, where the design is first prototyped on an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) platform for functional validation and then implemented as
an ASIC allows earlier defect detection in the design process and thus allows a significant time saving.
This paper deals with a CMOS standard-cell ASIC implementation of a SoC (System on Chip) based on the
OpenRISC processor for Voice over IP (VoIP) application; where a hybrid approach is adopted. The
architecture of the design is mainly based on the reuse of IPs cores described at the RTL level. This RTL code is technology-independent; hence the design can be ported easily from FPGA to ASIC.
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal
The document is a call for papers for the Informatics Engineering, an International Journal. It discusses that informatics is a rapidly developing field involving human-computer interaction and interface design. It aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry working in areas of computing, communication, multimedia, and human-computer interaction. Topics of interest include computational complexity, artificial intelligence, database mining, health informatics and more. Authors are invited to submit original papers by the given deadlines.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Feedback linearization and Backstepping controllers for Coupled Tanks
1. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
DOI : 10.5121/ieij.2015.3401 1
FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION AND BACKSTEPPING
CONTROLLERS FOR COUPLED TANKS
Bachir Nail1,3
, Belkacem Bekhiti2
, Ahmed Hafaifa1,3
, Abdellah Kouzou1,3
and
Nadji Hadroug1,3
1
Science and Technology Department, University of ZianeAchour, Moudjbara Street BP
3117 Djelfa, Algeria .
2
Electronics and Electrotechnics Institute, University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000,
Algeria.
3
The Applied Automation and Industrial Diagnostics Laboratory LAADI, University of
DJELFA, Algeria.
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the usage of some sophisticated and advanced nonlinear control algorithms inorder
to control a nonlinear Coupled Tanks System. The first control procedure is called the
Feedbacklinearisation control (FLC), this type of control has been found a successful in achieving a global
exponentialasymptotic stability, with very short time response, no significant overshooting is recordedand
with a negligible norm of the error. The second control procedure is the approaches of
Backsteppingcontrol (BC) which is a recursive procedure that interlaces the choice of a Lyapunov
functionwith the design of feedback control, from simulation results it shown that this method preserves
tracking, robust control and it can often solve stabilization problems with less restrictive conditions may
beencountered in other methods. Finally both of the proposed control schemes guarantee the
asymptoticstability of the closed loop system meeting trajectory tracking objectives.
KEYWORDS
Feedback linearization, Backstepping, Lyapunov candidate function, Coupled tanks system,
Nonlinearcontrol.
1. INTRODUCTION
The modeling and the control of industrial process , present a big challenge, hence the reservoirs
andhydraulic systems are considered an important part in them, so the selection of the coupled
tanks isnot accidental for several reasons, first the coupled tanks are very useful in industry, in the
researchlaboratories in petroleum reservoir engineering and in nuclear reactor, the second reason
is related bythe behavior of this systems in general, we see the dynamic model of the coupled
tanks is nonlinearand contains a square root in mathematical differential equations that considered
a good example fortesting the stability and the robustness of any control.
There are several works and researches and scientific articles have preceded us to work on this
systemand they are applied too many controllers (linear and nonlinear). Among these works,
2. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
2
Sliding ModeControl And Optimal GPC Algorithm for Coupled Tanks [1], Modelling and
Control of Coupled Tank Liquid Level System using Backstepping Method [2], Model and
Control for Coupled Tanks using Labview [3], A Neuro-fuzzy sliding Mode Controller Using
Nonlinear Sliding Surface Applied to theCoupled Tanks System [4], and Nonlinear constrained
predictive control [5].In this paper we haveused efficient feedback linearization control without
transformation, and the we have ameliorate the quality of the signal control and the statical error
in the two controllers, compared to the previous works [1-5].
The paper is organized as follows. The first section contains the system model, in the form of
nonlineardifferential equations, and the structure of coupled tanks. The second section, gives
somepreliminary of feedback linearization approach [6],[7], and how do we apply these control
on this system, explaining that in scheme block diagram, and simulation results with some
comments on them. The third section, We dealt also about the backstepping approach [8],[9] and
its theory in second order system, then the application of this control on coupled tanks ,
explaining that in scheme block diagram, and simulation results with some comments on them.
Finally, the fourth section is a conclusion, containing a comparison between the two approaches,
and highlights the pros and cons of each in their application the coupled tanks.
2. WATER TANK MODEL
The schematic drawing in (Figure.1) represents the model of a two degree of freedom (DOF)
statecoupled,water tank system [10]:
Figure 1: Coupled Tanks System.
3. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
3
The coupled tank system is defined by the following nonlinear differential equations:
With
where h1,2are liquid levels in the tanks 1,2 respectively, g is the gravitational constant, s1,2channel
sectionalarea,kp,ksarepumpandsensorgains,andqirepresenttheflowrate.
By Letting x1 = h2, x2= h1, and the output y = ksh2, the dynamic representation of our system will
beinthenonlinearstatespaceformasshown[9]:
Where f, g and h are sufficiently smooth in a domain D ⊂ Rn.The mappings f: D→ Rn and
g :D→ Rn are called vector fields on D.
With
And
4. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
4
Where
3. FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION APPROACH
Feedback linearization is an approach to nonlinear control design that has attracted lots of
research in recent years. The central idea is to algebraically transform nonlinear systems
dynamics into (fully or partly) linear ones, so that linear control techniques can be applied.
This differs entirely from conventional (Jacobian) linearization, because feedback linearization is
achieved by exact state transformation and feedback, rather than by linear approximations of the
dynamics.
3.1 LIE DERIVATIVES
Given a scalar function h(x) and a vector field f (x), we define a new scalar function Lf h(x),
called the Lie derivative (or simply, the derivative) of h with respect to f .
Definition 1: f is called smooth if f∈ Rn. That f is continuous and all derivatives of all order are
continuous [10].
Definition 2: Let h : Rn → R be smooth scalar function, and f : Rn → Rn be a smooth vector
field on Rn, then the Lie derivative of h with respect to f is scalar function defined by [10]:
Let we choose the level of the second tank h2 as the controlled output rather than the position
control The derivative y˙ is given by:
5. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
5
Where
Lfh : is called the Lie Derivative of h with respect to f .
If Lgh(x)=0 , then y˙=Lf h(x) , independent of u . If we continue to calculate the second
derivative of y , denoted by y(2), we obtain:
Then u does not appear in the equations of y, y˙and appears in the equation of y(2) With a nonzero
coefficient:
The forgoing equation shows clearly that the system is input-output linearizable, since the state
feedback control.
Reduces the input-output map to
Which is a chain of ρ = 2 integrators. In this case, the integer ρ is called the relative degree of the
system.
After some algebraic manipulations and calculations the control input u is given by :
6. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
6
Where
andυ is an auxiliary control input to be designed. Typically, υ is chosenas
This yield to the error equation
Equation (17) shows that the error dynamics are governed by a linear second order system.
Furthermore, if the gains are chosen to be diagonal, then the system will be perfectly decoupled.
By suitable choosing the matrices Kp and Kv , the tracking error will converge asymptotically to
zero. To illustrate this, we can write the error equation (17) in state space representation, i.e. we
define the state variable z=(y˜,y¨˜) , and we can write
In order to investigate the stability of the equilibrium point, z=0 , we choose the Lyapunov
function candidate
WhereP=PT>0isthesolutiontoLyapunovequation
7. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
7
Which is negative definite function, from which and according [11] global uniform exponential
stability of the equilibrium point follows. (Figure.2) shows the implementation of this feedback
linearization
Figure 2: Schematic block diagram of feedback linearization with auxiliary controller
3.2 SIMULATION RESULTS OF FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION CONTROL
Simulations results of the feedback linearized tank system as in (Figure.3) demonstrates both
trackingand good regulation objectives are achieved, no excess is recorded in both transient and
steady state which are well shown by the level error, moreover the chosen Lyapunov candidate
function show that the global uniform exponential stability of the equilibrium point (guaranteed
stability), and from the level error (Figure.4) we see that the system is also nearly robust to the
rejected noise.
8. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
8
Figure 3: The level tracking for feedback linearization control
Figure 4: The level error for feedback linearization control
9. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
9
Figure 5: The control signal of feedback linearization control
4. BACKSTEPPING APPROACH
The backstepping was developed by Kanellakopoulos [12], and inspired by the work of Feurre&
Morse [13] on the one hand and Tisinias and Kokotovic&Sussmann [14]. The basic idea of this
method is to leave some states of the system act as virtual inputs. The backstepping uses a form
of the system chain of integrators, after a coordinate transformation of a triangular system and
based on the direct method of Lyapunov. The method is to split the system into a set of subsystem
nested descending order. From there, it is possible to design systematically and recursively
controllers and corresponding Lyapunov functions.
4.1 THE SYNTHESIS OF BACKSTEPPING CONTROL
The backstepping is a control law for nonlinear systems, based on Thelyapunov theory. It applies
to systems of form triangular cascade. Each state of the system, control the previous state and
called Virtual Control until the last state that is controlled by the actual control. The objective of
this technique is to compute multistage a control law that provides the overall stability of the
system [15],[16].
This control law takes the form of a recursive algorithm, the calculation steps are as follows:
The tracking errors are written in the form below
10. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
10
We consider the case of the the second order nonlinear systems of the form :
Suppose that the system (23) after a transformation can be put under the chained form as follows:
We desired to follow the output y = x1 the trajectory yr. This trajectory is assumed known and
uniformly bounded and since the system is a second order the design is done in two steps:
First iteration
First consider the equation (24), where x2 the state variable is treated as a virtual control, and we
Defined like the first desired value.
The first error variable is defined by:
With equation (28), the equation system (22) is written:
For such a system, it was shown that the candidate function is a good choice of the Lyapunov
function:
11. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
11
Its derivative is given by:
A judicious choice of x2 would render negative V˙1(e1) and ensures the stability of the origin of
the subsystem described by equation (24).
Take for value x2, the function t1, suchas:
Where k1 > 0 is a design parameter.
Equation (32) implies that the condition:
This implies that the error given by equation (27) tends to zero which ensures the convergence
of thesubsystem (24) and its asymptotic stability.
From Equation (32) we obtained:
Second iteration
We consider the subsystem equation (25) and the new error variable is defined:
Thisequationrepresentsthegapbetweenthestatevariablex2anditsdesiredvaluet1,theerrore2is
notinstantlynull.Theobjectiveofthisstepisthentoforceittocancel.
Theequationsofthesystemtobecontrolledinspace(e1,e2),arewritten:
12. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
12
Lyapunov function is chosen as:
its derivative
Toensurestabilityitisnecessarythattheequationisequalto−k2e2withK2>0
The control is:
With this choice of control u we obtained:
So finally, we guarantee the asymptotic stability of the system.
13. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
13
Shows the implementation of this Backstepping in (Figure.6)
14. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
14
Figure 6: Schematic block diagram of Backstepping control
4.2 SIMULATION RESULTS OF BACKSTEPPING CONTROL
After seeing these results, we can conclude that :
The Backstepping is a control technque that ensures the stability within the Lyapunov sense.
Thetechnique provides a flexible handling, we see the level coincides with its reference ( best
tracking), (Figure.7) no overshooting, no statistical error, no excess is recorded in both
transient and at steady state, which are well shown by the error (Figure.8).
Figure 7: The level tracking for backsteppingn control
15. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
15
Figure 8: The level error for backstepping control
Figure 9: The control signal of backstepping control
16. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
16
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper two types of nonlinear control schemes has been presented in detailed manner and
applied to coupled tanks system. Concerning the feedback linearization controller, it can be said
from the results has been done satisfactory and the simulations demonstrate a good performance
of regulation and tracking. The total coupled tanks system is globally asymptotic stable and
maintained nearly robust against perturbations. For the second controller approximately the same
obtained results only the difference in the robustness which is preserved by the later scheme with
less restrictive conditions.
The choice of the coefficients (controller gains) can be very tricky and difficult in the two
approaches(FLC,BC) although these are selected positive but may induce instability problem,
even in the chosen that ensure system stability, they can make signal very energetic order .
Finally in order of the work completion there are several points in this paper which may be
naturalpoints of departure for further studies, the investigation of other methods rather than the
used ones provides future works. If we consider the parametric variation in certain interval the
hyper-stability adaptive control will be more efficient from the identifiability and the stability
point of view.
Table 1: Parameters and variables of the coupled tanks, and the controllers (FLC,BC)
17. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.3, No.4, December 2015
17
REFERENCES
[1] B.Nail, B.Bekhiti, K.Bdirina, A.Kouzou, and A.Hafaifa, Sliding Mode Control And Optimal GPC
Algorithm for Coupled Tanks, 3rd International Conference on Control, Engineering & Information
Technology CEIT’2015 Tlemcen, Algeria, 25-27 May, 2015.
[2 ]Jiffy Anna John, N. E. Jaffar and Riya Mary Francis, Modelling and Control of Coupled Tank
Liquid Level System using Backstepping Method, International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT), Vol. 4 Issue 06, pp. 667-671, June-2015.
[3] HéctorBastida, Pedro Ponce, Ricardo Ramìrez and Arturo Molina, Model and Control for Coupled
Tanks using Labview, 2013 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronics and Automotive
Engineering, 127-133 IEEE 2013.
[4] AhceneBoubakir, Fares Boudjema and Salim Labiod, A Neuro-fuzzy-sliding Mode Controller Using
Nonlinear Sliding Surface Applied to the Coupled Tanks System, International Journal of
Automation and Computing, Vol 6 issue 1, pp. 72-80. February 2009.
[5] N.K.Poulsen, B.Kouvaritakis and M.Cannon, Nonlinear constrained predictive control applied to a
coupled-tanks apparatus, IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications Vol 148 issue 1, pp.
17-24. 2001.
[6] Isidori A, W. Kang, H- control via measurement feedback in nonlinear systems,IEEE Trans. On
Automatic control, Vol. 40, pp. 466 - 472, 1995.
[7] Isidori A. and A. Astolfi, disturbance attenuation and H- control via measurement feedback in
nonlinear systems, IEEE Trans Automatic control, AC - 37, pp. 1283-1293,1992.
[8] M. KrstiC, I. Kanellakopoulos, and P. Kokotovic.Nonlinear and Adaptive Control Design.Wiley-
Interscience Publication, 1995.
[9] H. K. Khalil, Nonlinear Systems, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002.
[10] JJE. Slotine, W. Li, Applied Nonlinear Control, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
[11] Vidyasagar M., Nonlinear Systems Analysis - Second edition, New Jersey: prentice Hall Inter, 1992.
[12] I. Kanellakopoulos, systematic design of adaptive controllers for feedback linearisable Systems,
IEEE Transaction on automatic control vol 36(11), pp 1241-1253, July 2000.
[13] A. Feurrel& A.S. Morse, Adaptive control of single-input, single-output linear systems, IEEE.
Transaction on automatic control vol 23 (4), pp 557-569, July 2000.
[14] P.V, Kokotovic and H.J, Sussman, A positive real condition for global stabilization of nonlinear
systems, systems & control letters vol.13, pp 125-133, July 2000.
[15] Alexandra Bento Moutinho, Modeling and Nonlinear Control for Airship Autonomous Flight,
university LISBOA December 2007.
[16] Guoqiang Wu, BaoJun Lin, Shancong Zhang, Fault-Tolerant Backstepping Attitude Control for
Autonomous Airship with Sensor Failure, Procedia Engineering, vol 29, p 2022 - 2027, 2012.
[17] W. Bolek, J.Sasiadek, Singularity of backstepping control for non-linear systems, American Control
Conference, Vol 4, pp2689-2694, 8-10 May 2002.
[18 ]ChangyunWen, Jing Zhou. Decentralized adaptive backsteppingstabilization of interconnected
systems with dynamic input and output interactions, Automatica, Vol.45, 55-67, 2009.
[19] A. Benaskeur, L.N. Paquin, and A. Desbiens.Toward industrial control applications of the
backstepping.Process Control and Instrumentation, Glasgow, Scotland, pages 62-67,2000.
[20 ]R. Sepulchre, M. Jankovic, and P. Kokotovic. Constructive Nonlinear Control.Springer
VerlagLondon, 1997.
[21] Kokotovic P.V., Sussmann H.J, A Positive Real Condition for Global Stabilization of Nonlinear
Systems, Systems and Control Letters, vol 13, pp 125-133, 1989.