Federalism refers to the evolving relationship between U.S. state governments and the federal government, with sovereignty distributed between at least two levels so that each level has authority over some issues. The theory was tested during the Civil War when southern states claimed the right to secede from the Union. Grants from the federal government provide funds to states and local governments for specific purposes, but also impose requirements on how the funds are used. Cooperative federalism involves branches of government working together to solve problems, while dual federalism maintains a separation between national and state authority.

1. Federalism

2. Nullification 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This theory was put into practice during the civil war when the southern states claimed the right to succeed from the Union Theory ended the civil war States void federal laws they deem in conflict with the Constitution

3. Categorical Grants 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Federal money given to groups States put up money to match some part of the grant These grants are for specific purposes defined by federal law

4. McCulloch v Maryland 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue . Broad interpretation of the “necessary or proper” clause . Power to manage money is in the constitution The federal government was supreme when the tax was not allowed thus the national government won.

5. Mandates 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Civil rights and environmental protection Conditions of aid The federal government imposes its will outside the context of grants

6. Block Grants 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Large sum of money Granted by national government to a regional government Only general provisions as to what it funds

7. Ex Post Facto Law 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue . Latin term Changes the legal consequences of actions that existed prior to the enactment of the law “ From after the action”

8. Cooperative Federalism 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Multi-branched federalism Local State National . Branches working together to collectively solve problems

9. Dual Federalism 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Legal theory that has prevailed in the United States Relationship between national and state government . Each branch is split into separate governments (separation of powers

10. Enumerated Powers 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution power to regulate interstate trade, coin money, declare war, etc enumerate the authority granted to the United States Congress.

11. Delegated Powers 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Examples include coin and print money Regulate interstate and foreign trade Powers granted to national government under U.S. Constitution

12. US V. Lopez 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Most important case for chief justice William Reinquest All about guns Found congress didn’t have right to regulate firearms

13. Elastic Clause 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Other name for necessary and proper clause It is a check for congress on the other branches Gives Congress power to make laws that are needed for executing their powers

14. Confederation system 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Articles of Confederation used this system of government Central government gets power from states This is the third of the three systems of government. The other two being federal and unity.

15. Federalist paper #10 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue According to this “_____ cannot be removed” Says our country should be a republic This was written by Madison and is all about factions

16. Articles of confederation 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Many weaknesses in this like not being able to make a army Made states stronger then the central government This is the first constitution in the country

17. Federalist 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay were all in this group They are a group for the constitution They are opposed by the Anti-federalist

18. Factions 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Group of individuals with a political purpose Madison said these cant be removed Federalist paper 10 is all about these groups

19. Gibbons V. Ogden 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Steam boats in New York started this Found New York law conflicted with congress power Answered the question if congress can regulate commerce between states

20. Sovereignty 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This lies with the people A government that has this is legally and independent of any other government Supreme or ultimate political authority

21. Recall 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Gray Davis had this happen to them cause the people weren't happy with him People have this as a check on politicians Through this a elected official is removed from office

22. Revenue Sharing 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This policy was in place from 1972-1987 It lost federal support during Reagan Administration. In 1987, it was replaced with block grants in smaller amounts to reduce the federal deficit A government unit’s apportioning of part of it’s tax income to other units of government

23. Unfunded Mandates 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Any one of many federal legislations such as the Clean Air act or the Clean Water act It ends up that local taxpayers of the state have to pay for this type of order Statute or regulation that requires a state or local government to perform certain actions yet provides no money for fulfilling the requirements

24. Unitary System 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue In this the central government commonly delegates authority to sub national units and channels policy decisions down to them for implementation It contrasts with the federal system A system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government

25. Devolution 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This occurs through conventional statutes rather than through a change in a country’s constitution It differs from federalism in that the powers devolved may be temporary and ultimately reside in the central government The statutory granting of powers from the central government to a government at a sub national level

26. Initiative 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This direct form of legislation, together with the referendum, was known in Greece and other early democracies It is intended to allow the electorate to begin legislation independently of the legislature. The originating of a law or constitutional amendment by popular petition.

27. Conditions of Aid 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This is normally given to a state that needs assistance States must agree to abide by certain rules in order to receive this grant Federal rules attached to grants that states receive

28. Federalism 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Sovereignty in this political order is not centralized between at least two levels so that units at each level have final authority and can be self governing in some issue areas This term defines the basic structure of American government The evolving relationship between US state government and the federal government of the US

29. Referendum 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue It is a form of direct democracy This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy A direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal

30. Separation of power 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This term originated with the baron de Montesquieu The framers of the constitution decided to base the American governmental system on this idea This idea divides government into branches

31. Grants in Aid 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue If a state wants this they must comply to what a higher level of government is telling them to do with it This kind of funding is usually used when the government and parliament have decided that the recipient should be publicly funded A sum of money granted by one government to a lower level of government