This document outlines a lecture on hazards and aesthetics. It discusses the federal, state, and local regulatory frameworks for evaluating hazards and aesthetics for environmental review. For hazards, it covers definitions of hazardous materials and waste, key laws and regulations, and common methodologies for assessing hazards. For aesthetics, it discusses federal and state regulations, local policies, visual contexts, regulatory approaches, and common assessment methodologies.
How EPA plans will implement Cap & Trade, increase federal spending, negatively impact state/municipal budgets, eliminate jobs, and hurt industry/businesses
Pesticide Report of Green Aces (Greenbelt Committee on Enviromental Sustaina...CHEARS
Report of Greenbelt Advisory committee on environment on pesticide use in Greenbelt. Contains 12 recommendations adopted by City Council as guides for decision making and reduction of use. Recommends organic land care
How EPA plans will implement Cap & Trade, increase federal spending, negatively impact state/municipal budgets, eliminate jobs, and hurt industry/businesses
Pesticide Report of Green Aces (Greenbelt Committee on Enviromental Sustaina...CHEARS
Report of Greenbelt Advisory committee on environment on pesticide use in Greenbelt. Contains 12 recommendations adopted by City Council as guides for decision making and reduction of use. Recommends organic land care
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
ENV 320 Week 2 Air and Water Quality Issues Worksheet
“The tradition among all armed services, are much older than any government, more conservative than any department of government, and more sure to build on a foundation that they are certain of, rather than to take any chance of making a mistake.”
--- General William "Billy" Mitchell - United States Army
Best Practices for NEPA Compliance and Related Permitting for Projects on In...Trihydro Corporation
Regulatory framework for permitting wells and pipelines
Typical timeframes and hang-ups in the permitting process
Best practices for permitting
Programmatic approaches to well field development on tribal lands, including potential benefits to tribes, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and operators
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
In the wake of Bhopal tragedy, the Government of India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA) under article 253 of the constitution. The purpose of the Act is to act as an “umbrella” legislation designed to provide a frame work for Central government co-ordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under previous laws, such as Water Act & Air Act. The potential scope of the Act is broad, with “environment” defined to include water, air and land and the inter-relationships which exist among water, air and land, and human beings and other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms and property. Environment protection rules were also enacted as a corollary to this Act.
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
The Port Authority of New York and New JerseyProposal for .docxssusera34210
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Proposal for Performing an Environmental Impact Statement and Alternatives Analysis for Modifying or Replacing the Lincoln Tunnel Helix
Proposal for Performance of an Environmental
Impact Statement and Alternative Analysis
–
For Modifying or Replacing the
Lincoln Tunnel Helix
Prepared by:
Greenfield Environmental Consulting
Issued: April 21st, 2015
The Port Authority of
New York and New Jersey
Table of Contents:
Section A – Firm Qualifications and Experience ……………………………………....3
A.1 – Governmental Regulations and Laws …………………………………………………. 4
A.2 – Guideline Documents …………………………………………………………………. 7
A.3 – Environmental Permits ……………………………………………………………….. 12
A.4 – NEPA Lead Agency ………………………………………………………………….. 13
A.5 – Environmental Documentation ……………………………………………………….. 14
Section B – Staff Qualifications and Experience ……………………………………..16
B.1 – Organizational Chart ………………………………………………………………….. 17
B.2 – Personal Profiles and Individual Experience …………………………………………. 18
Caulfield, Christopher ……………………………………………………………………….. 18
Greenleaf, Luke ……………………………………………………………………………… 23
Anderson, David …………………………………………………………………………….. 25
Zyndorf, Oren ……………………………………………………………………………….. 27
Schroeder, Alison …………………………………………………………………………… 30
Lombardi, John …………………………………………………………………………….... 32
Mahmud, Anna …………………………………………………………………………….... 34
Martin, Jonathan …………………………………………………………………………….. 37
Mugabel, Abdul ……………………………………………………………………………... 38
Section C – Technical Approach ……………………………………………………..40
C.1 – Preparation of Environmental Impact Statement ……………………………………... 41
C.2 – No-Action Alternative ………………………………………………………………... 43
C.3 – List of Alternatives to be Reviewed ………………………………………………….. 44
C.4 – Environmental Impact Statement Table of Contents …………………………………. 48
C.5 – Data Analysis Sources ………………………………………………………………... 54
C.6 – Safety Measures ……………………………………………………………………..... 56
C.7 – Public Participation …………………………………………………………………… 59
Section D – Cost and Timetable ……………………………………………………...60
D.1 – Project Schedule ……………………………………………………………………… 61
D.2 – Cost Estimate and Budget …………………………………………………………..... 62
Firm Qualifications and Experience
A
Section
A.1
Governmental Regulations and Laws
Law is defined as the principles and regulations established in a community by some authority and applicable to its people, whether in the form of legislation or of custom and policies recognized and enforced by judicial decision. Laws are actually rules and guidelines that are set up by the social institutions to govern behavior. Laws are made by government officials. Laws must be obeyed by all, including private citizens, groups and companies as well as public figures, organizations and institutions. Laws set out standards, procedures and principles that must be followed. Regulations can be used to define two things; a process of monitoring and enforcing legislations and a written instrument ...
LIVING WITH THE EARTHObjectives for this C.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a LawBill is first introduced into house and senate;Referred to subcommittee for review and support;90% fail at this levelRecommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
BILL
BILL
The Making of a Law (cont.)If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
BILL
Common Themes Among Environmental LawsEIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS1. Notification requirements2. Discharge or waste controls3. Process controls and pollution prevention4. Product controls5. Regulation of activities6. Safe transportation requirements7. Response and remediation requirements8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a SystemENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONSFEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCESREGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIESPRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERSCOURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWSTHE COMMON LAW
Executive OrdersThese are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common LawA body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.Basic rules originally developed in England and then brought to American Colonies.
Under Common LawTortA private wrong or wrongful act for which the injured party c ...
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
ENV 320 Week 2 Air and Water Quality Issues Worksheet
“The tradition among all armed services, are much older than any government, more conservative than any department of government, and more sure to build on a foundation that they are certain of, rather than to take any chance of making a mistake.”
--- General William "Billy" Mitchell - United States Army
Best Practices for NEPA Compliance and Related Permitting for Projects on In...Trihydro Corporation
Regulatory framework for permitting wells and pipelines
Typical timeframes and hang-ups in the permitting process
Best practices for permitting
Programmatic approaches to well field development on tribal lands, including potential benefits to tribes, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and operators
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
For more course tutorials visit
www.tutorialrank.com
Please Check the Assignments Included in this Tutorial below
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Endangered Species Act of 1973
ENV 320 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Laws Paper Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
In the wake of Bhopal tragedy, the Government of India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA) under article 253 of the constitution. The purpose of the Act is to act as an “umbrella” legislation designed to provide a frame work for Central government co-ordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under previous laws, such as Water Act & Air Act. The potential scope of the Act is broad, with “environment” defined to include water, air and land and the inter-relationships which exist among water, air and land, and human beings and other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms and property. Environment protection rules were also enacted as a corollary to this Act.
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
The Port Authority of New York and New JerseyProposal for .docxssusera34210
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Proposal for Performing an Environmental Impact Statement and Alternatives Analysis for Modifying or Replacing the Lincoln Tunnel Helix
Proposal for Performance of an Environmental
Impact Statement and Alternative Analysis
–
For Modifying or Replacing the
Lincoln Tunnel Helix
Prepared by:
Greenfield Environmental Consulting
Issued: April 21st, 2015
The Port Authority of
New York and New Jersey
Table of Contents:
Section A – Firm Qualifications and Experience ……………………………………....3
A.1 – Governmental Regulations and Laws …………………………………………………. 4
A.2 – Guideline Documents …………………………………………………………………. 7
A.3 – Environmental Permits ……………………………………………………………….. 12
A.4 – NEPA Lead Agency ………………………………………………………………….. 13
A.5 – Environmental Documentation ……………………………………………………….. 14
Section B – Staff Qualifications and Experience ……………………………………..16
B.1 – Organizational Chart ………………………………………………………………….. 17
B.2 – Personal Profiles and Individual Experience …………………………………………. 18
Caulfield, Christopher ……………………………………………………………………….. 18
Greenleaf, Luke ……………………………………………………………………………… 23
Anderson, David …………………………………………………………………………….. 25
Zyndorf, Oren ……………………………………………………………………………….. 27
Schroeder, Alison …………………………………………………………………………… 30
Lombardi, John …………………………………………………………………………….... 32
Mahmud, Anna …………………………………………………………………………….... 34
Martin, Jonathan …………………………………………………………………………….. 37
Mugabel, Abdul ……………………………………………………………………………... 38
Section C – Technical Approach ……………………………………………………..40
C.1 – Preparation of Environmental Impact Statement ……………………………………... 41
C.2 – No-Action Alternative ………………………………………………………………... 43
C.3 – List of Alternatives to be Reviewed ………………………………………………….. 44
C.4 – Environmental Impact Statement Table of Contents …………………………………. 48
C.5 – Data Analysis Sources ………………………………………………………………... 54
C.6 – Safety Measures ……………………………………………………………………..... 56
C.7 – Public Participation …………………………………………………………………… 59
Section D – Cost and Timetable ……………………………………………………...60
D.1 – Project Schedule ……………………………………………………………………… 61
D.2 – Cost Estimate and Budget …………………………………………………………..... 62
Firm Qualifications and Experience
A
Section
A.1
Governmental Regulations and Laws
Law is defined as the principles and regulations established in a community by some authority and applicable to its people, whether in the form of legislation or of custom and policies recognized and enforced by judicial decision. Laws are actually rules and guidelines that are set up by the social institutions to govern behavior. Laws are made by government officials. Laws must be obeyed by all, including private citizens, groups and companies as well as public figures, organizations and institutions. Laws set out standards, procedures and principles that must be followed. Regulations can be used to define two things; a process of monitoring and enforcing legislations and a written instrument ...
LIVING WITH THE EARTHObjectives for this C.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a LawBill is first introduced into house and senate;Referred to subcommittee for review and support;90% fail at this levelRecommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
BILL
BILL
The Making of a Law (cont.)If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
BILL
Common Themes Among Environmental LawsEIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS1. Notification requirements2. Discharge or waste controls3. Process controls and pollution prevention4. Product controls5. Regulation of activities6. Safe transportation requirements7. Response and remediation requirements8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a SystemENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONSFEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCESREGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIESPRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERSCOURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWSTHE COMMON LAW
Executive OrdersThese are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common LawA body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.Basic rules originally developed in England and then brought to American Colonies.
Under Common LawTortA private wrong or wrongful act for which the injured party c ...
ENCH 4300 – Chemical System DesignUniversity of Tennessee - Ch.docxchristinemaritza
ENCH 4300 – Chemical System Design
University of Tennessee - Chattanooga
‹#›
‹#›
.
1
Outline
Introduction
EPA and State Roles
Pollution “Categories”
“Right to Know”
Process Safety Management (PSM)
2
Introduction
Environmental pollution – not a new problem
Natural vs. man-made
Strategies to reduce pollution
Prevention – unlikely
Remediation – your job
“Outside factors”
Once in the air, forget it
Piccadilly Circus in Pea-Soup Fog, 1952, unknown photographer
Environmental Law/Regulation in the U.S.
Sources of Environmental Directives
Federal statutes
State statutes
Executive orders
Judicial decisions
Implementation
Federal and state regulations
Hierarchy of Authority in Federal System
ISRP Iowa City, IA 2017
EPA and State Roles
Conduct research
Perform risk assessments
Set national standards
Monitor compliance
Enforce national standards
Develop state-level standards
Monitor compliance
Enforce state and national standards
Issue permits
EPA
States
Pollution “Categories”
Air
Water
Hazardous Waste
Toxics & Pesticides
Air Pollution Control - History
ISRP Iowa City, IA 2017
CAA & CAAA – Key Provisions
Clean Air Act (CAA) – 1970
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Emissions standards for vehicles and fuels
Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) – 1990
Air toxics
Stratospheric ozone layer
Acid rain
Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management (CRARM)
NAAQS and HAPs
NAAQS for criteria air pollutants
Pb, CO, PM, SO2, NOx, O3
Emissions standards based on human health and ecological risks
Standards reviewed every 5 years
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
187 toxic air pollutants (e.g., benzene, asbestos)
Technology-based standards (MACT)
Potential to Emit (PTE)
Potential to emit – “maximum capacity”
Major source
PTE 100 ton/yr of criteria pollutants, 10 ton/yr of HAP or 25 ton/yr total HAPs
Very involved permitting requirements (public comments, MACT)
Minor source – everyone else
Synthetic minor source
Clean Air Act - Example
Your process generates 100 ton/yr dust -> this is your “Potential to Emit”
You are therefore a major source
You have a baghouse that is 99.9% efficient
Your actual emissions (pollution) are 0.1 ton/yr
You can apply to be a “Synthetic Minor Source”
Process
Pollution Control Device
Uncontrolled Emissions
Pollution
Water Pollution Control - History
ISRP Iowa City, IA 2017
CWA – Key Provisions
Establish effluent limitations
States and tribes set water quality standards based on EPA’s ambient water quality criteria
Create control technology standards for new industrial point sources
Publish list of toxic substances and associated effluent limitations
Establish the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
Clean Water Rule (CWR)
Clean Water Act
Overall concept: all discharges into nation’s water are unlawful unless authorized by permit
Point source pollution: discrete sources (e.g, pipes/spillways, culverts, raw sewage discharges)
Non-poi.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDEHazardous WasteCourse Learning Outcomes for Unit.docxmarilucorr
UNIT I STUDY GUIDEHazardous WasteCourse Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify the primary laws that govern hazardous waste operations and discuss how they are applied in workplace situations.
2. Identify hazardous wastes using the EPA-defined characteristics of ignitibility, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity.
3. Identify hazardous wastes using the EPA F, K, P, and U lists.
4. Define universal wastes and describe the requirements for handling them.
5. Define the various categories of hazardous waste generators and explain the regulatory requirements that apply to each.
6. Describe the precautions for the safe handling of hazardous waste.
7. Identify and explain strategies for waste minimization.
8. Identify the considerations for selecting hazardous waste transporters and treatment storage and disposal facilities (TSDF).
9. Discuss the process and options available for the remediation of contaminated hazardous waste sites.
Reading Assignment
Forward: pp. iv-vii
Chapter 1:
Hazardous Waste
EPA Listed Wastes, 40 CFR 261.31-33: http://www.epa.gov/epa waste/hazard/wastetypes/listed.htm
Unit Lesson
BOS 3125, Hazardous Materials Management
5
(NARA, 2011a)
Here we are, ready to start a course titled “Hazardous Materials Management,” but the first course unit and first chapter in the book are titled “Hazardous Waste.” What’s that about? Isn’t hazardous waste at the end of the lifecycle and more appropriate for the end of the course? Besides, safety practitioners aren’t responsible for hazardous waste; that’s an environmental thing, right?
In order to manage hazardous materials in the workplace effectively, we need to start with the end in mind; that is, what happens to the material when we are done with it. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 introduced us to the cradle to grave” concept of hazardous materials management by focusing efforts on the final disposal of hazardous substances (Haight, 2012). The improper disposal of industrial waste over many decades had created enormous health and environmental issues, as well as a nearly insurmountable cleanup problem.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has created regulations for the cleanup of contaminated waste sites, but more importantly, has forced industries to think about the materials they use, how they are stored and handled, and how they are to be discarded when no longer needed. The escalating cost of the disposal of hazardous wastes in accordance with EPA rules has caused many industries to change to materials that are less hazardous or change processes so that hazardous materials are no longer needed. Recycling and reuse of hazardous materials has become more cost-effective than disposal. One of the goals of RCRA is to prevent
future problems caused by irresponsible waste management (Haight, 2012). This goal is being achieved by managing the full lifecycle of hazardous materials.
Sa ...
Environmental impact assessment(EIA) For Thermal Power Plants.docx.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an essential tool for assessing the potential environmental impact of thermal power plants and ensuring that any adverse effects are mitigated.
Environmental impact assessment(EIA) For Thermal Power Plants.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a critical process that evaluates the potential environmental and social impacts of any proposed development project, including thermal power plants.
Chapter 4
Environmental Policy
and Regulation
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter the reader will be able to:Describe key environmental health regulatory agencies at the international, national, state/provincial, and local levelsState four principles that guide environmental policy developmentDiscuss five major environmental laws that have been introduced within the past 10 yearsDescribe environmental policies designed to protect vulnerable groupsList the steps in the policy-making process
Environmental Policy“A statement by an organization [either public, such as government, or private] of its intentions and principles in relation to its overall environmental performance. Environmental policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of its environmental objectives and target.”
Principles of Environmental
Policy DevelopmentThe precautionary principleEnvironmental justiceEnvironmental sustainabilityThe polluter-pays principle
The Precautionary PrincipleStates that “preventive, anticipatory measures . . . [should] be taken when an activity raises threats of harm to the environment, wildlife, or human health, even if some cause-and-effect relationships are not fully established.”
Environmental JusticeThe concept of environmental justice denotes the equal treatment of all people in society irrespective of their racial background, country of origin, and socioeconomic status.
Environmental SustainabilityAs a goal of environmental policy, environmental sustainability adheres to the philosophical viewpoint “that a strong, just, and wealthy society can be consistent with a clean environment, healthy ecosystems, and a beautiful planet.”
Polluter-Pays PrincipleThe Polluter-Pays Principle “means that the polluter should bear the expenses of carrying out the pollution prevention and control measures . . . to ensure that the environment is in an acceptable state.”
Figure 4-1 The policy cycle.
Source: Adapted from data presented in [email protected], Policy Cycle: Teaching Politics. Available at: http://www.dadalos.org/politik_int/ politik/policy-zyklus.htm. Accessed March 9, 2010.
Relationship of Risk Assessment to Policy ProcessRisk assessment is closely aligned with the policy process through the balancing of economic and other costs with health and societal benefits that may accrue through specific policy alternatives.
Figure 4-4 The links between hazard, risk, impacts, and social cost.
Source: Reprinted from Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 65, K Falconer, Pesticide environmental indicators and environmental policy, p. 288, Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Risk ManagementThe process of risk management involves the adoption of steps to eliminate identified risks or lower them to acceptable levels (often as determined by a government agency that has taken into account input from the public).
Examples of Risk ManagementLicensing lawsStandard-setting lawsControl- ...
Environmental Permitting in Indian CountryAshleyTso1
During the Construction in Indian Country 2018 Annual Conference, Eunice Tso led a workshop session on Friday morning called “Environmental Permitting in Indian Country.”
Environmental Permitting in Indian CountryAshleyTso1
During the Construction in Indian Country 2018 Annual Conference, Eunice Tso led a workshop session on Friday morning called “Environmental Permitting in Indian Country.”
4. Federal Definitions
Federal laws regulate the use and management
of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances.
EPA classifies a material as hazardous if it has
one or more of the following properties:
Ignitability - oxidizers, compressed gasses, and
extremely flammable liquids and solids;
Corrosivity - strong acids and bases;
Reactivity - explosives or compounds that generate toxic
fumes when exposed to air or water;
Toxicity - materials listed by EPA as capable of inducing
systematic damage in humans or animals.
5. Federal Laws and Regulations
Hazardous Materials Management
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act of 1986 (also known as Title III of
the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act)
Imposes requirements to ensure that hazardous
materials are properly handled, used, stored, and
disposed of and to prevent or mitigate injury to
human health or the environment in the event that
such materials are accidentally released.
6. Federal Laws and Regulations
Hazardous Waste Storage, Handling, and
Disposal
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA)
Under RCRA, the EPA regulates the generation,
transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of
hazardous waste from “cradle to grave.”
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments Act
Amended RCRA in 1984, affirming and extending the
“cradle-to-grave” system of regulating hazardous
wastes.
specifically prohibit the use of certain techniques for
the disposal of some hazardous wastes.
7. Federal Laws and Regulations
Hazardous Materials Transportation
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
The DOT has regulatory responsibility for the safe
transportation of hazardous materials. DOT
regulations govern all means of transportation except
mail packages.
U.S. Postal Service
The Postal Service regulations govern the
transportation of hazardous materials shipped by
mail.
8. Federal Laws and Regulations
Occupational Safety
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
OSHA sets standards for safe workplaces and work
practices, including the reporting of accidents and
occupational injuries (29 Code of Federal Regulations).
Radioactive Materials
Atomic Energy Act
Administered by DOE the act regulates the control and
disposal of radioactive material.
Clean Air Act
The EPA regulates airborne air emissions.
9. Federal Laws and Regulations
Biosafety Standards
The U.S. Public Health Service, National
Institutes of Health, and Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
Operated under the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, these agencies establish standards
for working with biohazardous materials.
10. Federal Laws and Regulations
Building Components, Materials, and Equipment
(USTs, ASTs, PCBs, and asbestos)
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) TSCA
Regulates the use and management of PCBs in electrical
equipment, and sets forth detailed safeguards to be
followed during the disposal of such items (40 Code of
Federal Regulations).
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RCRA establishes requirements for the design, installation,
and operation of USTs. The EPA banned the use of asbestos
in the 1970s.
Clean Water Act The Clean Water Act
Requires petroleum aboveground and underground storage
tank owners to develop a Spill Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasures Plan
11. Federal Laws and Regulations
Building Components, Materials, and
Equipment Continued
OSHA
OSHA establishes requirements to protect workers
during activities that could involve exposure to lead
or asbestos.
Clean Air Act
The EPA establishes requirements to protect the
environment during asbestos removal activities.
12. State Laws and Regulations
California Environmental Protection Agency
(CalEPA)
Subdivision of EPA
California Department of Toxic Substances
Control (DTSC)
Regulates hazardous waste
Cleans existing contamination
Identifies ways to reduce hazardous waste produced in
California
DTSC’s authority from
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
California Health and Safety Code
13. Local Regulations
General Plan Polices Might Discuss:
Safety
Storage
Compatibility
Property Maintenance
Business Plans
Ground Water
Soil Contamination
EMF
Biomedical
Etc.
14. Common Exposure Methodology
Database Searches
EDR Summary Table Elk Grove EIR
Environmental Site Assessments
Phase I- ASTM E 1527-05 parameters were set
forth as to who is qualified to perform Phase I
ESAs.
Phase II- ASTM test E1903, a more detailed
investigation involving chemical analysis for
hazardous substances and/or petroleum
hydrocarbons.
15. Unique Project Analysis
Health Risk Assessment- AQ
Explosion Risk- Tanks, Pipelines,
Pressurized Systems
Wildfire Risk
Ration Exposure Risk
Medical Waste
Many More
19. Airport and Wildfire Hazards
Airport Land Use Compatibility Plans
Restrict applicable land uses and development
Normally within close proximity to airport operations
Wildfire Mapping
Develops maps for High Fire Hazard Severity
Zones in Local Responsibility Areas.
Statewide Mapping
23. Federal Regulations
The National Environmental Policy Act
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations
identify aesthetics as one of the factors in the human
environment which must be considered in determining
the effects of a Federal action. Title 23 U.S.C. 109(h)
and Technical Advisory T 6640.8A cites the aesthetic
effect of the proposed project as a matter which must
be fully considered in the preparation of environmental
documents. Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act (NHPA) as amended in 1966 [36 CFR §
800.5(a)(2)] regulates activities that could impact
historic properties by “diminishing the
visual integrity of the property’s significant historic
features.”
24. State Regulations
CEQA
Appendix G provides four criteria that may be used to
evaluate the significance of visual quality impacts:
negative effects on a scenic vista
damage to scenic resources within a state scenic
highway
degradation of the visual character or quality of a site
and its surroundings
creation of a new source of substantial light or glare
affecting views.
California Scenic Highway Program
The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
administers the California Scenic Highway Program
The goal of the program is to preserve and protect
scenic highway corridors from change that
25. Local Regulations
General Plan Policies
View sheds
Vistas
Tree Preservation
Signage
Overhead Utilities
Community Design Guidelines
Scale
Setback
Design
Style
26. Visual Context
Aesthetic impact assessment generally deals with
the issue of contrast, or the degree to which
elements of the environment differ visually.
Aesthetic features occur in a diverse array of
environments, ranging in character from urban
centers to rural regions and wildlands.
Adverse visual effects can include a loss of
natural features or areas, removal of urban
features with aesthetic value, or introduction of
contrasting urban features into natural areas or
urban settings.
27. Regulatory Agency Approaches
USFS and BLM
Visual Management Objectives (USFS)
Visual Management Classes (BLM)
Designed to:
1) Inventory visual resources
2) Determine project meeting objectives
No thresholds offered
FHWA
Intended to guide design to mitigate impacts
No thresholds offered
Does define visual impact:
“…the degree of change in visual resources and viewer
response to those resources caused by a development
project (USDOTFHWA, 1981, Appendix E: Glossary).
28. Common Assessment Methodology
1) Collect Project Information and Regulatory
Background
Identify the physical and topographic changes resulting
from the project.
General Plan Policies
Identify Sensitive Viewpoints
Visual Resources
2) Map the project viewshed
Identify where the project can bee seen from
Computer assisted or field reconnaissance
Visit the project site document “inter-visability”
Map indicating key observation points
29. Common Assessment Methodology
3) Identify Sensitive Receptors
Use GP
Define Sensitive Receptor
Identify any “scenic vistas”
Identify any “scenic highways”
Identify local residential or frequented public
spaces
Panoramic photos from each location to document
the “baseline” conditions
30. Common Assessment Methodology
4) Assess Existing Visual Quality
No established State methodology, some jurisdictions
have local methodologies (i.e. Santa Rosa)
BLM Scenic Quality Rating Criteria
BLM Visual Resources Management Manual
Seven Category Rating System
Numerically Quantified
5) Photo Simulations
Not required often used
Before and After simulations
3D modeling
Block Scale Representations
31. Common Assessment Methodology
6) Assess the impact
Based on before and after simulations
Elevations
Changes in viewshed
Obstruction
Project specific evaluation
7) Mitigation Measures
Screening
Vegetation
Color
Texture
Design
32. Special Topics
Nighttime Simulations
Shadow Simulations
Photometric Calculations
Glare Analysis
ETC.