foreign direct investment in india. the beginning, how it started.current status of fdi in india. advantages & disadvantages of fdi.wallmart example. final conclusion
foreign direct investment in india. the beginning, how it started.current status of fdi in india. advantages & disadvantages of fdi.wallmart example. final conclusion
Ricardo Hausmann sobre la Diversificación Productiva y el Desarrollo EconómicoInnóvate Perú
Presentación del Director del Centro para el Desarrollo Internacional de la Universidad de Harvard, Ricardo Hausmann,
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The presentations describes the 1991 Liberalization Privatization Globalization(LPG) model of Indian economy. Following are the topics discussed in the ppt:
Reasons for implementing LPG
Definitions
Advantages
Disadvantages
Disinvestment Commission
Successful privatizations in India
FDI
MNCs
Effects
Fdi in india:An analysis on the impact of fdi in india’s retail sectorSubhajit Ray
This presentation aims to briefly discuss the critical aspects of FDI in India, present a case study on the success of reforms in the telecommunications sector, analyze both sides of the arguments currently going on regarding FDI in retail and conclude with suggestive measures on the part of the government which can eliminate the negative effects of allowing FDI in India’s retail sector.
Growth and Development of FDI on Indian EconomyIJMER
India has been attracting substantial of foreign direct investment since last few decades,
highly in services sector, telecommunications, software products, real estate etc. FDI are highly
promoting manufacturing sector of India’s exports & attracting more number of earnings on Foreign
exchange, Institutional Investments, MNCs and speeding up our economic growth through Technology
transfer, Employment generation and improved access to managerial expertise, global capital, product
markets and distribution network. FDI bring out the generation-wise innovation, hidden technology,
spending more on research & development to retain our strength in the globalised competitor
products. Indian economy is going to over track the developed and developing countries. Recently, due
to the recession most of the countries have not able to run their investment as well, but India has been
managed better then developed country without elevated struggling. This paper analyzes the growth
and development of FDI and it discussed the Indian economic growth through FDI. In addition it
explains and showed the various sector-wise FDI performances in India
Similar to Fdiitsimpact 140121011540-phpapp01 (20)
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• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
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how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.
Fdiitsimpact 140121011540-phpapp01
1.
2. INDEX :
What is FDI
Why FDI
Drawbacks of FDI
Impact of FDI on host economy
Studies on FDI in India
FDI policy in India
Year wise FDI inflow in the post reforms era
(1990-2010)
Top Investors in India
Telecommunications sector
Retail Sector in India
3. • Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment
into production or business in a country by an
individual or company of another country, either by
buying a company in the target country or by expanding
operations of an existing business in that country.
•
• Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio
investment which is a passive investment in the
securities of another country such as stocks and bonds..
4. No debt creation on the part of the government.
Triggers technology transfer.
Assists Human capital formation.
Contributes to international integration by
promoting exports.
Increases productivity and competitiveness.
Improves efficiency of resources.
Promotes innovation
5. Local firms may loose business because of the
oligopolistic power of foreign firms.
The repatriation of profit may drain out the
capital of the host country.
Local population may be displaced out of their
jobs if they are unable to cope with the
technologically advanced foreign firms.
6. FDI may have a negative impact on the growth of
the developing countries (Singer,1950; Griffin,
1970).
Hanson (2001) argues that evidence that FDI
generates positive spillovers for host countries is
weak.
FDI could have a favorable short-term effect on
growth as it expands the economic activity.
However, in the long run it reduces the growth
rate due to dependency, particularly due to
“decapitalization” (Bornschier, 1980).
7. Banga (2005) demonstrates that FDI, trade and
technological progress have differential impact on
wages and employment.
Higher extent of FDI in an industry leads to higher
wage rate, it has no impact on its employment.
Higher export intensity of an industry increases
employment in the industry but has no effect on its
wage rate.
Import of technology has unfavorably affected
employment in India. The study by Sharma (2000)
concluded that FDI does not have a statistically
significant role in the export promotion in Indian
Economy.
8. Study by Sahoo and Mathiyazhagan (2003)
support the view that FDI in India is not able to
enhance the growth of the economy.
Pailwar (2001) argues that the foreign firms are
more interested in the large Indian market rather
than aiming for the global market.
Export oriented sectors should be opened up for
FDI so that a higher growth of the economy could
be achieved through the growth of these sectors.
9. Currently FDI is permitted:
a) Through financial collaborations.
b) Through Joint Ventures and technical
collaborations.
c) Through capital markets via Euro issues.
d) Through preferential allotments.
India had opened up its economy and allowed
MNCs in the core sectors such as Power and Fuels,
Electrical Equipments, Transport, Chemicals, Food
Processing, Metallurgical, Drugs and
Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, and Industrial Machinery.
10. Telecommunications, Banking, Insurance,
Hotel & Tourism, IT.
Mining of titanium keeping India's civilian
nuclear ambitions in mind upto100%,a mineral
which is abundant in India.
single Brand product retailing where Foreign
Investment up to 51% is permitted with prior
Government approval. Major debate going on
about approving FDI in India’s Retail sector.
11. 2439
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
1992-1993
1993-1994
1994-1995
1995-1996
1996-1997
1997-1998
1998-1999
1999-2000
US $ MILLIONS
FDI
12. 0 10000 20000 30000 40000
2000-2001
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
US $ MILLIONS
FDI
37763
Year wise revised FDI
Inflow since 2000-2001 with
expended coverage to
approach International
Best Practices.
13. The growth of FDI inflows in India was not
significant until 1991 due to the regulatory policy
framework.
There has been a steady build up in the actual FDI
inflows in the post-liberalization period. Actual
inflows have steadily increased from US $ 143.6
million in 1991 to US $ 37,763 million in 2010.
The pace of FDI inflows to India has definitely
been slower than some of the smaller developing
countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and
Vietnam.
14. India had registered a declining trend of FDI
inflows and the FDI- GDP ratio especially in 1998
and 2003 could be attributed to many factors,
including the US sanctions imposed in the
aftermath of the nuclear tests and Swadeshi
movements.
But since 2006 India has seen a remarkably higher
growth of FDI in accordance with the general
trends of the global economy with a slight dip in
the year 2009-2010.
15. Capital goods sector has more or less been
bypassed by FDI. This clearly points out the
tendency of foreign investment to exploit the pent
up domestic demand for consumer durable goods.
A gradual increase in the mergers and acquisitions
during the 1990s which show a tendency of FDI
inflows to acquire existing industrial assets and
managerial control without actually engaging in
new productive activities (Nagraj, 2006).
16. 42
9
7
5
4 4 4
2 2
19
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
M
auritius
Singapore
U
.S.A
.
U
.K
N
etherlands
Japan
C
yprus
G
erm
any
France
O
thers
%agetototalInflows(intermsofUS$)
%
17. Large number of private operators started
operating in the basic/mobile telephony and
Internet domains after several series of reforms in
the telecom sector. FDI is permitted up to 74% with
FDI, beyond 49% requiring Government approval.
As a result of the New Telecom Policy 1999
(NTP99) Total FDI in telecom is currently over US
$ 15 billion.
Tremendous improvement in infrastructure,
lowest tariff rates in the world and over 250
million users.
In 2007-2008 Vodafone took over Hutch for about
US $ 11 billion.
18. Retail industry in India is one of the fastest growing.
Contributes 14% to the national GDP and employs 7%
of the total workforce.
The retail industry is divided into organised and
unorganised sectors.
Organised trade employs roughly 5 lakh people
whereas the unorganized retail trade employs nearly
3.95 crores.
Growth in Retail as a result of economic expansion as
well as jobless growth.
19. FDI driven modern retailing is labour displacing.
It can only expand by destroying the traditional
retail sector.
Foreign retail firms have deep pockets and can
cause even the organized retail sector to go out of
business.
Will buy big from India and abroad and be able to
sell low. When monopoly situation is created will
will buy low and sell high.
20. It is true that it is in the consumer’s best
interest to obtain his goods and services at the
lowest possible price. But collective well being
should take precedence.
21. FDI should be aggressively promoted in R&D,
Manufacturing, Entertainment to accommodate
the people who have lost their jobs.
Import duty should be imposed to protect
domestic production units.
Labour laws should be imposed to ensure that no
management jobs are outsourced.
Jobs should be reserved for the poor people.
22. Hindi and local languages as a mode of operation
should be encouraged.
Cooperative societies should be formed for the
farmers and other agricultural suppliers to take
care of their rights.
The foreign retail units should be made to divest a
certain percentage of their equity in the Indian
financial markets.
Social infrastructure like schools, colleges and
hospitals should be developed to promote human
capital formation