Dr. Hosny Hemdan Hamama wrote in 2013 : Cosmology is the study of the Universe as a whole and it is the physical study of the origins and evolution of the Universe. Cosmology endeavors to use the scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and fate of our Universe. Like any field of science, cosmology involves the formation of theories or hypotheses about the universe which make specific predictions for phenomena that can be tested with observations. Depending on the outcome of the observations, the theories will need to be abandoned, revised or extended to accommodate the data. On the other hand, The Glorious Qur’an deals with facts of creation.

1. 1
First Principle:
Fatq al-Ratq vs. Big Bang
Dr. Hosny Hemdan Hamama
The First Principle: “Fatq al-Ratq”
On the light of the scientific signs of The Glorious Qur’an, we can revise
the theories dealing with the origin of the universe either by
accommodation, revision or abandonment. For example, the prevailing
theory known as the Big Bang requires modification on light of the verse
No. 30 of Surat Al-Anbiya, Where Allah says in The Glorious Qur’an:
ْ‫ﻢ‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬�‫أ‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ َ‫�ﻦ‬ِ ��‫ا‬ َ‫ﺮ‬َ�ٓ‫آ‬�‫ن‬�‫أ‬ٰ‫ـﻮ‬ٰ‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟﺴ‬ِ‫ت‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﰷ‬ َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬� ْ�‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺟ‬َ‫و‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ ُ‫ﺎﳘ‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ْﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ٓ‫آ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ء‬� ُ‫ﰻ‬ٍ‫ء‬ ْ َ‫ﳽ‬
ٍّ َ�‫ﻮن‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺆ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫ﻼ‬َ‫ﻓ‬�‫أ‬
Are, then, they who are bent on denying the truth not aware that the heavens
and the earth were [once] one single entity, which We then parted asunder? –
and [that] We made out of water every living thing? Will they not, then, [begin
to] believe?
(al-Anbiyā: 30)
The origin of creation is dealt on the light of this verse and the
cosmological views are given in the following:
1 - Scientific signs of the verse.
• The heavens and the earth “whole Universes” were created
from one thing where all matter and energy squeezed into a
tiny volume called by The Glorious Qur’an Ratq.
• These original contents were joined together (Ratq) and the
trigger of the creation start with instantaneous cleft called by
The Glorious Qur’an Fatq. Therefore, I call the big event of
creation “Fatq al-Ratq”as assigned in The Glorious Qur’an.
• Every living thing is made from water.

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2- Explanation of Arabic term Fatq al-Ratq
Three interpretations of the above mentioned verse were given before
centuries by the commentators of The Glorious Qur’an:
i. The heavens and the earth originally was one combined gathered
entity, after which they separated from each other giving seven
heavens and seven earths.
ii. The heavens were one layer and also the earth, both were welded to
each other, and then the heavens were separated to seven heavens and
the earth to seven earths.
iii. Originally there were no rain from the sky and no plantation from the
earth. After that the rain was ascended from the sky and the plant was
descended from the earth.
3- Short History of the Big Bang
LeMaitre (1902’s) first proposed a ‘Cosmic Egg’ (probably taken from
the word Ratq). In the 1940, George Gamow and Ralf Alefer (1948)
proposed that the universe began in a colossal explosion. In the 1950s,
the term BIG BANG was coined by an [unconvinced] Sir Fred Hoyle
(1982).
In the 1990s, there was an international competition to rename the BIG
BANG with a more appropriate name, but no new name was selected.
Really, this term should have been withdrawn in the 1980s with the
development of the theory of cosmic ‘inflation’. However, the term ‘big
bang’ is still used, for two reasons: scientists are yet to know if the
inflationary theory is true; and even if it is, the universe was still very
hot just after inflation finished. It is surprising to know that the true
name is the “Fatq al-Ratq” already mentioned in The Glorious Qur’an
and it probably engulfs the big inflation
4- Fatq al-Ratq & Big Bang (fig.): The fact .vs. the model
The Big Bang nomenclature is incorrect for many reasons:
First: There was no bang in the Big Bang. Astronomers have recaptured the sounds
of the early Universe showing it was born not with a bang but a quiet whisper that
became a dull roar. Mark Whittle of the University of Virginia analyzed the so-
called background radiation (CMB) that was born 400,000 years after the Big Bang.

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Moreover, Whittle reported that The Big Bang would have taken place in complete
silence but as the universe expanded, sound waves would have been able to grow.
The above mentioned author said: during the expansion there is a change in the
frequencies of the sound waves that results in the characteristic sound of the
Universe changing from a major third chord to a minor third.
Verily, the Big Bang, despite its name, was NOT an explosion at one
point in space. It was the beginning of the expansion of the universe,
and occurred at all points in space. This means that the idea of explosion
at the early universe is naïve.
Second: The farther we look into space, the farther back in time we are
seeing. If all galaxies are receding from each other, at some point in the
past they had to be closer together. At some point in the very distant
past everything must have been closer together in the past. Simply this is
what manifested by The Glorious Qur’an when speaking about “Fatq al-
Ratq”.

4. 4
Third: The arrangement of events dominating the universe at an early
stage proved that the so called big bang is made by order which
contradicts with the explosion suggested in the big bang.
10 - 43s - gravity separates from other forces: 10 - 28 centimeters
10 - 35s to 10 - 32s - fundamental particles - quarks and electrons - softball
10 - 6s - quarks combine into protons and neutrons
1 s - electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces separate
3 minutes - protons and neutrons combine into atomic nuclei
300,000 years - electrons join nuclei to make atoms; light is emitted
Billion years - matter collapses into clouds, making galaxies and stars
Therefore, the possibility of description of the 3 minutes of the history of
the universe proves that the unbelievers see “Fatq al-Ratq”as mentioned
in the Glorious Quran.
Fourth: If we know that Hubble made in 1929 the most important
cosmological observation of the century. Then what are the evidences
make Georges LeMaitre, a Belgian priest and mathematician, to propose
that the expansion of the universe can be traced to an exceedingly dense
‘primeval atom. I think that LeMaitre may deduced such the expansion
of the universe from the verse of The Glorious Qur’an when Allah says:
�‫اﻟﺴ‬َ‫و‬ٓ‫آ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﻮن‬ُ‫ﻌ‬ ِ‫ﻮﺳ‬ُ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ��
�
‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬�‫أ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ء‬
And it is We who have built the universe with [Our creative] power;
and, verily, it is We who are steadily expanding it.
(al-Dzāriyāt: 47)
Fifth: By measure Big Bang is wrong, Big Inflation is right: Big inflation
followed quickly and directly al-Ratq: The Inflation was a period of
exponential expansion in the early universe probably at about t=10–24
seconds. Note the similarity between the word Fatq and the proposed
Big Inflation.

5. 5
Suzanne Willis, professor, Northern Illinois University discussed the
subject of parallel universe; she reported that the universes can split,
according to widely accepted theories in two ways that we know of. The
first of which, in the very early moments of the universe (just after the
big bang), she believes that something called "inflation" occurred,
whereby a small part of the existing universe underwent a huge
expansion and became what we recognize as the universe today; other
parts could have undergone similar expansions, giving rise to other
universes.
The real "inflation" is mentioned as “Fatq al-Ratq”in the verse: Are, then,
they who are bent on denying the truth not aware that the heavens and the earth
were [once] one single entity, which We then parted asunder? – and [that] We
made out of water every living thing? Will they not, then, [begin to] believe?,
and the correct term to describe the birth of the universe is “Fatq al-
Ratq”.
Fatq al-Ratq: At very early time the whole universe and contents were squeezed
into a tiny volume.

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5- Consistent with creation in Holy Quran: According “Fatq al-
Ratq”story of origins" the development is as such:
• The Heavens and the Earth had been started out very small and very
dense ‘Ratq’.
• The heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of
creation)
• Allah clove them asunder.
• Cosmic web appears due to the Fatq. The interaction of all the waves
would cause a complicated pattern of ripples.
• The sound propagating in the early universe yielded regions of
greater density.
• With power did Allah construct the heaven? Verily, Allah Able to
extend the vastness of space thereof.
6- Do not the unbelievers see Fatq al-Ratq?
By smashing together nuclei travelling at close to the speed of light,
physicists at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) hope to create matter as
dense and hot as existed in the early universe.
The accelerator was built to make a little big bang. Nowadays about
15,000 people are prepared to see for themselves “Fatq al-Ratq”. Let us
listen to what mentioned since more than 1400 years in The Glorious
Qur’an where Allah saying:
Are, then, they who are bent on denying the truth not aware that the heavens
and the earth were [once] one single entity, which We then parted asunder? –
and [that] We made out of water every living thing? Will they not, then, [begin
to] believe?
7- What happened before the Big Bang? Who was before the Big Bang"?
The unbelievers unfortunately say that there was no “before”. Time
began at the Big Bang. Similarly, “what is outside the universe” is not a
well-posed question. The universe encompasses all of space. Before the
birth of heavens and earth there was Allah with His throne. “Al-‘Arsh”
was positioned on “water”. Allah says:

7. 7
ِ ��‫ا‬ َ‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬َ‫و‬‫ى‬َ‫ﻖ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ�ٰ‫ـﻮ‬ٰ‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟﺴ‬ِ‫ت‬ِ‫ﰱ‬ َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬��‫ا‬َ‫و‬���‫أ‬ ِ‫ﺔ‬�‫ﺘ‬ ِ�‫ﺳ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ﲆ‬َ� ُ‫ﻪ‬ ُ‫ﺷ‬ْ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫ن‬ َ‫ﰷ‬َ‫و‬ ٍ‫م‬ٓ‫آ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ء‬ْ ُ‫ﲂ‬���‫أ‬ ْ ُ‫ﰼ‬َ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬
ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ﻮ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﻮن‬ُ‫ﺛ‬‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫ب‬�‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ﲂ‬�‫ن‬
�
‫ا‬ َ‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ ِ‫ﱧ‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ً‫ﻼ‬َ َ‫ﲻ‬ ُ‫ﻦ‬ َ‫ﺴ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬�‫أ‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ َ‫�ﻦ‬ِ ��‫ا‬ �‫ﻦ‬َ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ٓ‫آ‬ٰ‫ﻫ‬ ْ‫ن‬
�
‫ا‬َ‫�ﺬ‬ٓ‫آ‬�‫ﻻ‬
�
‫ا‬
ٌ‫ِﲔ‬‫ب‬�‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ﺮ‬ْ ِ‫ﲮ‬
And He it is who has created the heavens and the earth in six aeons; and [ever
since He has willed to create life,] the throne of His almightiness has rested
upon water. [Allah reminds you of your dependence on Him] in order to test you
[and thus to make manifest] which of you is best in conduct. For thus it is: if
thou sayest [unto men], "Behold, you shall be raised again after death!" - they
who are bent on denying the truth are sure to answer, “This is clearly nothing
but an enchanting delusion”
(Hūd: 7)
Some cosmologists say that it is beyond the realm of the Big Bang Model
to say what gave rise to the Big Bang except if we believe in creation.
The creator is Allah the “Faţir". Allah says:
ِ � ِ� ُ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﳊ‬َ‫ا‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﻃ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ٰ‫ـﻮ‬ٰ‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟﺴ‬ِ‫ت‬ِ‫ﻞ‬ِ�‫ﺎ‬َ� ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬� ْ�‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ٓ‫آ‬�ِ‫وﱃ‬�‫أ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬ ُ‫ﺳ‬ُ‫ر‬ ِ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻜ‬ِ�َ‫ﲎ‬ْ‫ث‬�‫ﻣ‬ ٍ‫ﺔ‬َ�ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﺟ‬�‫أ‬َ‫ث‬ َ‫ﻼ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬َ‫و‬
ِ‫ﰱ‬ ُ‫ﻳﺪ‬ِ‫ﺰ‬َ� َ‫ع‬ َ� ُ‫ر‬َ‫و‬َ‫ﺸ‬َ� ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ﻖ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬َ�ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ٓ‫آ‬‫ـ‬�‫ن‬
�
‫ا‬ ُ‫ء‬َ‫ﷲ‬ِّ ُ‫ﰻ‬ َ‫ﲆ‬َ�ٍ‫ء‬ ْ َ‫ﳽ‬ٌ‫�ﺮ‬ِ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻗ‬
All Praise is due to Allah, Originator of the heavens and the earth, who causes
the angels to be (His) message-bearers, endowed with wings, two, or three, or
four. [Unceasingly] He adds to His creation whatever He wills: for, verily, God
has the power to will anything.
(Fāţir: 1)