1) The document discusses the optical phenomenon known as Fata Morgana, in which light rays are bent to produce displaced images of distant objects or the sky. This type of mirage can involve images of boats, islands, coastlines, and more. 2) Fata Morgana occurs due to differences in temperature between land and air, often caused by hot land radiating heat into the air in the afternoon. This difference bends the light rays to create mirror-like reflections of the sky. 3) There are two types of Fata Morgana - inferior, where the mirage is above the real object, and superior, where the mirage is below the real object. The document