This document summarizes a case study on bioenergy value chains in Tandai Village, Tanzania conducted by Anja Fasse of the Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade. The study analyzed the wood and potential jatropha value chains through household surveys, development of a village social accounting matrix, and mathematical planning models. Key findings included that collecting jatropha required similar labor as firewood but provided more income, and scenario analyses optimizing for factors like household utility, profit, and labor use. The overall goal was to identify strategies for smallholders to benefit from bioenergy production while addressing food security and environmental issues.
Introduction on Regional Research Networks (RRN),Key products of RRN,The case of Southern Africa Root & tuber crops Research network (SARRNET),Challenges and difficulties of setting up/running RRN
Achievements and perspectives of Innovation Platforms on Bananas and Plantain...IAALD Community
Presentation by Josué Tetang Tchinda (Centre Africain de Recherches sur Bananiers et Plantains) at the IAALD 2010 World Congress - 26-29 April 2010, Montpellier, France
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Sustainable intensification in agricultureafrica-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne and Million Getnet, ILRI, at the ILRI/CGIAR and EIAR Partnering together—Experience Sharing Workshop, EIAR, Addis Ababa, 7 August 2019
Buruchara - Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D): An Appr...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Development of the Site-Specific Fertilizer Recommendation (FR) and Best Fert...IITA Communications
Presentation during African Cassava Agronomy Initiative (ACAI)
Second Annual Review Meeting and Planning Workshop on 11 – 15 Dec. 2017 at Gold Crest Hotel, Mwanza, Tanzania. Presented by Guillaume Ezui, Yemi Olojede, Peter Mlay & Meklit Chernet.
Introduction on Regional Research Networks (RRN),Key products of RRN,The case of Southern Africa Root & tuber crops Research network (SARRNET),Challenges and difficulties of setting up/running RRN
Achievements and perspectives of Innovation Platforms on Bananas and Plantain...IAALD Community
Presentation by Josué Tetang Tchinda (Centre Africain de Recherches sur Bananiers et Plantains) at the IAALD 2010 World Congress - 26-29 April 2010, Montpellier, France
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Sustainable intensification in agricultureafrica-rising
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Peter Thorne and Million Getnet, ILRI, at the ILRI/CGIAR and EIAR Partnering together—Experience Sharing Workshop, EIAR, Addis Ababa, 7 August 2019
Buruchara - Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D): An Appr...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Development of the Site-Specific Fertilizer Recommendation (FR) and Best Fert...IITA Communications
Presentation during African Cassava Agronomy Initiative (ACAI)
Second Annual Review Meeting and Planning Workshop on 11 – 15 Dec. 2017 at Gold Crest Hotel, Mwanza, Tanzania. Presented by Guillaume Ezui, Yemi Olojede, Peter Mlay & Meklit Chernet.
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF
Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all
Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
Combining land restoration and livelihoods - examples from Niger
Fasse icraf 2010
1. Value Chain Analysis of Bioenergy in
Tanzania:
A Case Study in Tandai Village
Anja Fasse
Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade (IUW),
University of Hannover, Germany
www.better-is.com
fasse@iuw.uni-hannover.de
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi
2. Outline
• Introduction to Better-Is project
• Research issues of IUW related to Better-is
– Description of the research area
– Extended environmental social accounting matrix
– Village equilibrium modeling
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 2
3. “Strategies to use biofuel value chain potential in Sub-Saharan Africa
to respond to global change”
?
Source: FAOSTAT (2009), based on data from 2007
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 3
4. www.better-is.com
Biofuel Evaluation for Technological Tanzanian Efficiency using
Renewables - Integrated Strategies
Strategies to use Biofuel Value Chain
Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa to respond
to Global Change
Enhancing low-productivity Farming in Tanzania and linking to SMEs
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 4
5. Objectives Better-iS
• To identify the potential for linking low-productivity
farming to small and medium enterprises (SME) to
enhance livelihoods through biofuel value chains
• To provide farmers, regional organizations and local
authorities in sub-Saharan Africa with feasible
strategies
– to benefit from biomass production potential
and
– to mitigate food insecurity.
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 5
6. Project Consortium
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research e.V.
World Agroforestry Centre
The International Food Policy Research Institute
Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Africa
Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
Environmental Economics and World Trade
University of Agriculture, Sokoine (now involved)
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 6
7. Project Design
Partners Modeling Statistics Appraisal Expertise
global energy and agricultural modeling
The International Food
Policy Research Institute
Biomass consumption patterns
Wuppertal Institute for Climate,
Environment and Energy
Coordination & value chain analysis
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural
Landscape Research e.V.
Village modeling & certification appraisal
Environmental Economics
and World Trade
Stakeholder processes
Association for Strengthening
Agricultural Research in Africa
Stakeholder processes
World Agroforestry Centre
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 7
8. Survey Area:
Tandai Village
(Kinole Ward,
Morogoro
District)
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 8
8
9. Survey Area: Tandai Village
• Location within the
– Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve (UNR)
– Community forest
• Tandai: 1040 households including 4211 individuals
• Sample size 30% (stratified random sampling): 314 households
• Wood value chain (firewood, charcoal, timber..)
• Jatropha as a host plant for spices e.g. black pepper, vanilla, also passion fruit.
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 9
11. 09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi Black Pepper on Jatropha 11
12. What has been done so far:
• Survey 314 households on agricultural production patterns and
interlinkages between households
• Energy consumption and production
• Focus on important value chains of cash crops (banana, pineapple,
spices) and agroforestry.
• GPS coordinates including altitude of 80% of the households
• Timepreferences of the farmer
• Perception of soil erosion and yield losses
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 12
13. Value chain analysis: Applied methods:
• Development of a social accounting matrix (SAM) extended by
natural resource accounts for soil on village level
– Impact assessment via multiplier analysis
• Scenario analysis supported by an economy-wide planning
model developed for the village economy
– Feasibility study comprising different biofuel value chains
• Consumer surveys in selected European countries
– Exploring WTP for certified biofuels (and ecosystem services) from Sub-
Saharan Africa
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 13
14. Village Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)
Factor Domestic Private Savings
Factor Markets Wages
Costs & Gov. Savings
Rents
Taxes
Demand for
Producers Intermediate Households Government Saving/INV
Inputs
Transfers
Private Government Investment
Product Consumption Expenditure Demand
Sales Markets
Revenues Demand for Final Goods
Imports
Exports Foreign Savings
Rest of the Country
and World
Source: IFPRI Training Material 2003
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 14
16. Mathematical Planning Model
Commercial Resource Use Activities
Logistic
Management System
Management System
growth
model Forest Land Water
Linear Activity
Model & Farm I Farm II Village Farm III Farm IV
Additive Utility
-Production
-Forest & Water Extraction
-Storage
Purchases -Consumption Sales
-Transport
-Processing
endogenous
prices
Village Factor and Product Market
exogenous
prices Trade with the neighboring region
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi (Etti Winter, 2008) 16
17. Comparison Firewood and
Jatropha Collection and Processing
Households Distance to Hours/ Wood (man Jatropha
Type (fam) ha forest in km Day days/month) (man days/month)
H1 (4.1) 0.52 1 3 7.2 8.6 (7.1)
H2 (6.1) 1.17 2.5 4.5 16.1 12.8 (10,5)
H3 (4.5) 1.38 2.5 4.5 11.7 9.3 (7,6)
H4 (5.1) 1.89 5 7 21 10.7 (8,9)
2kg wood per hh member per day*365=730 kg wood equivalent to 55 l plant oil per
person & year. 15kg wood/Trip
Collection: 3kg Seed/h Extraction: 20% (30%) Processing 1,5h/ l
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi Winter, E. and Fasse, A. 2009 17
18. H1 Min Labor Max profit Max Utility Min Labor Max Profit Max Utility
No grazing No grazing No grazing
Subsistence [€] 665 665 665
Surplus [€] 0 151 127
Labor [h] 527 700 673
Leisure [h] 173 0 27
Z (Shadow Wage) 0,86
Wood [kg] 11906 17035 16242 13807 16294 16749
Labor [month] 1,2,3,4,7,12 All All but 3
Land [month] 6,7,8 6,8 6,8
Forest Income % 65 76 70
% Labor +14 0 +2
% Income 0 -8 -18
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi Winter, E. and Fasse, A. 2009 18
19. Max Utility, No Forest Use, Jatropha Production
Household H1 H2 H3 H4
Z (Shadow Wage) 0.52 0.69 0.68 0.72
Surplus [€] 0.6 412 401 6196
Labor [h] 699 1424 687 1220
Leisure [h] 1 54 53 0.4
Utility 1 22 21 2500
Own Land [ha] 0.53 1.17 1.38 1.89
Community Land [ha] 0.44 8.12
Sold Labor [%] Yes: 0.53 Yes: 0.84 Yes: 0.67 No: 1.8
Winter, E. and Fasse, A. 2009 19
20. How might Certification
Schemes be Designed ?
1. Standard → principles and criteria to
guarantee certain characteristics, certain
methods etc
2. Principles → guidelines describing how
to meet a standard
3. Criteria → requirements describing how
to achieve the principles
4. Indicators → concrete measures to
verify that principles and criteria are met
Source Segerstedt 2009
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi
21. • How could Co-Benefits between Biofuel production, Carbon
savings and other ecosystem services be handled and
what kind of market regulation is necessary?
• How could persistent funding and provisioning of ecosystem
services be secured ?
• What certification scheme is best ?
• What are the preferences of consumers and suppliers?
09. June 2010, ICRAF Nairobi 21