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Ferrites
Outlines
 Crystal structure of ferrites
• Normal spinel structure
• Inverse spinel structure
 Magnetisation in a ferrite molecule
 Application of ferrites
Crystal structure of
ferrites
 Ferrites are compounds of iron oxides
with oxides of other metals
 General chemical formula - MOFe2O3
or MFe2O4
 Metal ions in tetrahedral and
octahedral sites
Normal spinel structure
 eight divalent metal ions(M2+) occupy
tetrahedral or A-sites and 16 trivalent
metal ions(Fe3+) occupy octahedral or
B-sites
 usual notation for this structure is
M2+[Fe2
3+]O4
Continued…
Octahedral (B-sites)
Tetrahedral (A-sites)
Inverse spinel structure
 eight divalent metal ions(M2+) occupy
octahedral or B-sites and 16 trivalent
metal ions(Fe3+) occupy tetrahedral or
A-sites
 usual notation for this structure is
Fe3+[Fe3+M2+]O4
Continued…
Octahedral (B-sites)
Tetrahedral (A-sites)
Magnetisation
 The saturation magnetisation may be
calculated from the number of
unpaired spins of the ions
Unbalanced magnetic spins in iron
Continued…
Ground state spin direction in iron ferrite
with inverse spinel structure
Continued…
Ground state spin direction in M2+Fe2O4
ferrite with inverse spinel structure
Continued…
Example:
Application
 Soft magnetic ferrites are used in the
production of cores for inductor coils
used in telecommunications
 Used in microwave applications such
as isolator
 Increase the sensitivity and selectivity
of the receiver used in radio
 production of ultrasonic waves
Continued…
 Storing information devices such as
magnetic tapes or discs
 Hard magnetic ferrites are used in
manufacturing permanent magnets
 ferrox cube are used in switching
circuits, matrix storage and in shift
registers of components
e.g. Magnesium-magnese ferrite
Farrites of fabrick

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Farrites of fabrick