3. Food security exist when all people at all time have physical
social and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious
food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for
an active and healthy life (FAO 2002)
4. Food security means :
Availability,
Accessibility and
Affordability of food to all people at times.
5. Enough food is available for all the persons
All persons have the capacity to buy food of acceptable
quality and
There is no barrier on access to food.
Food Security is ensured in a country
only if
6. For the poor sections of the society
Natural disasters or calamity like earthquake,
drought, flood, tsunami,
Widespread crop failure due to drought
7. How drought affects food security
Drought takes place
Total
production of food
grains
Shortage of food in the
affected areas
Prices
Some people
cannot afford to buy food = Food
Insecurity
8. If such calamity happens in a very wide spread
area or is stretched over a longer time
period, it may cause a situation of starvation.
STARVATION
9. A massive starvation might take a turn of
famine.
A Famine is characterized by
1. widespread deaths and
2. epidemics
Famine
10. Bengal Famine, 1943
-killed 1.5 million to 3 million
The Bihar famine, 1966-7
- 2,353 deaths due to starvation reported
Starvation deaths have also been reported in:
1. Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa
2. Baran district of Rajasthan,
3. Palamau district of Jharkhand
and many other remote areas during the recent
years.
Famines and Starvation Deaths in
India
11.
12. •Food insecurity is often rooted in poverty and has long-term impacts
on the ability of families, communities and countries to develop.
13. Worst Affected Groups:
landless people
traditional artisans
traditional services providers
petty self-employed workers
Homeless, beggars etc.
Families employed in ill-paid occupations
casual labourers (seasonal activities+ very low
wages)
Food Insecure Groups
14. Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts),
Bihar,
Jharkhand,
Orissa,
West Bengal,
Chhattisgarh,
parts of Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra
States facing problem of food
insecurity
15. Inadequate
diet for a
long time
Poor people
suffer from
chronic
hunger
Chronic
Hunger Due agricultural
activities-rural
regions & urban
areas- casual
labour
When a person
is unable to get
work for the
entire year
Seasonal
Hunger
16. Current status
Nearly 800 million people across the globe go to bed
hungry every night.
To meet the needs of a world population expected to reach
9 billion by 2050, agricultural production will need to
increase by at least 60 percent.
17. India’s poor population amounts to
more than 300 million people, with
almost 30 percent of India’s rural
population living in poverty.
The good news is, poverty has been on
the decline in recent years.
According to official government of
India estimates, poverty declined from
37.2% in 2004-05 to 29.8% in 2009-10.
18. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a multidimensional statistical tool
used to describe the state of countries' hunger situation.
The GHI measures progress and failures in the global fight
against hunger.
19.
20. India is home to 25 percent of the world’s hungry population.
An estimated 43 per cent of children under the age of five years
are malnourished (WFP 2012)
It has the world’s largest area
under cultivation for wheat, rice,
and cotton, and is the world’s
largest producer of milk, pulses,
and spices (World Bank 2014).
Rural poverty declined by 8 percentage points from 41.8% to 33.8% and
urban poverty by 4.8 percentage points from 25.7% to 20.9% over the
same period (World Bank 2012).
21. Agricultural Production 2007 2008 2009 2010
Rice Production
144,570,000
MT
148,036,000
MT
135,673,000
MT
143,963,000
MT
Wheat Production
75,806,700
MT
78,570,200
MT
80,680,000
MT
80,710,000
MT
Maize Production
18,955,400
MT
19,731,400
MT
16,719,500
MT
21,725,800
MT
Soybean Production
10,968,000
MT
9,905,000
MT
10,217,000
MT
12,736,000
MT
24. Food Security Indicators
Calorie Supply Per Capita,
Receipts of Food Aid (cereals)
Calorie supply per capita is amount of food
available for consumption, measured in kilocalories per
capita per day.
This figure is reached by dividing the total available
food supply for human consumption by the population.
This dataset tracks the calorie supply per capita in
each country for calories available from crop products.
Although these figures can be taken as average supply
available for consumption, actual consumption by
individuals can vary greatly.
25. Highest
Growth
Punjab and
Haryana
Tamil Nadu
and Andhra
Pradesh
Low
Growth
Maharashtra,
Madhya
Pradesh
Bihar, Orissa
and the N-E
states
India’s attempts at attaining
Food Security
Green Revolution: Food grain Production
28. Government schemes
PDS (initial Public Distribution System scheme)
RPS (Revamped Public Distribution System)
TPDS (Targeted Public Distribution System)
Special Schemes:
AAY (Antyodaya Anna Yojana)
APS (Annapurna Scheme)
29.
30. Benefits from the PDS:
Stabilizes prices of foodgrains
Makes food available at affordable prices
By supplying food from surplus regions of the
country to the deficit ones, it helps in combating
hunger and famine
Prices set with poor households in mind
Provides income security to farmers in certain
regions
31. Problems faced by PDS:
Problem of Hunger still exists in many areas of India
Foodstock in granaries often above specifed levels
Deterioration in quality of stored foodgrains if kept
for longer time
High storage costs
Increase in MSP has led to shift from coarse grain to
rice and wheat production among the farmers
Cultivation of rice has also led to environmental
degradation and fall in the water level
32. Average consumption of PDS grain at the all-
India level is very low
Malpractices on part of PDS dealers:
Diverting the grains to open market to get better
margin,
Selling poor quality grains at ration shops,
Irregular opening of the shops
Low Income families earning just above poverty
line have to pay APL rates which are almost equal
to open market rates – lower incentive to buy
from Fair Price Shops
33. Challenges to achieving food security
Global water crisis
Land degradation
Climate change
Agricultural diseases
Food sovereignty
Risks to food security
Population growth
Fossil fuel dependence
Homogeneity in the global food supply
Price setting
Land use change
Global catastrophic risks
34. It took great help of our economic
book & some help of internet , my
friends & subject teacher .
