Famous Venezuelas

Famous Venezuelas
Famous Venezuelans in the Scientific World I would like to present three exceptional venezuelan scientists who impacted the
lives of millions of people in a generous way around the world and also in the United States. Humberto Fernandez–Moran,
Baruj Benacerraf, and Jacinto Convit were scientists who significantly changed and contributed to advances in science and
medicine in different but equally meaningful ways. Each made his mark within the scientific community in ways that benefited
many people around the world, and for these reasons, each was recognized with honors, including Nobel prizes for Benacerraf
and Convit. Baruj Benacerraf Baruj Benacerraf was born October 29, 1920 in Caracas, Venezuela to a Moroccan father and
Algerian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For six years, while at Broussais Hospital, he studied the reticuloendothelial's function on immunity with Guido Biozzi. Due to
the difficulties of finding research positions in France because he was considered a foreigner, he eventually moved back to
New York to work as an Assistant Professor of Pathology at New York University School of Medicine. It was his work on
immunogenetics that led to being awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1980. (Baruj Benacerraf – Biographical 2017)
Humberto Fernandez–Moran Humberto Fernández–Morán Villalobos (1924–1999) was a physician, biophysical, professor and
researcher. A native of Venezuela, he earned his medical degree from the University of Munich in 1944. He founded the
Venezuelan Institute for Neurological and Brain Studies and invented the diamond scalpel in 1955 to cut very thin samples of
biological tissues and metals. In 1958 he left Venezuela and took a position at the University of Chicago where he devoted his
career to the development of electron microscopy, cryomicroscopy, and ultramicrotomes. Fernández–Moran also worked at
NASA in 1965–1969 doing investigations about "Space Related Molecular Biology, including Considerations of the Molecular
Organization of Extraterrestrial Matter." Another project he worked on at NASA was "Investigations in Space–Related
Molecular Biology Including Considerations of–the Molecular Organization in Luster Sounding –Rocket Program." Dr.
Fernandez–Moran was granted the John Scott Award
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Mass Of Lab Essay
How Do the Different Mass of BBs Affect the Muzzle Velocity and the Kinetic Energy in a Ballistic Pendulum?
By: Conor O'Neill
Introduction: As a kid I was always interested in guns and the military. I would spend my Saturdays watching the military
channel and playing with my nerf guns with my older brother, pretending to be a U.S. Marine. As I started to get older, nerf
guns got boring; So I begged my parents to buy me a airsoft gun. Then, after another couple years the airsoft gun got boring.
When this project started being discussed, I jumped at the opportunity to use my old airsoft rifle for the good of physics, while
having fun at the same time. I decided the best way to use my gun would be to measure the ... Show more content on
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After each trial I would wait for the pendulum to come to a complete stop until I fired another BB. When it was time to switch
the BBs from .20g to .25g, I did not touch the gun but I only took out the ammunition clip. I did this because if I were to move
the gun, the gun would likely line up a different way causing there to possibly be different results. By just taking out the clip,
the gun did not move, which means the BB hit just about the same spot on the pendulum every time. Data and Calculations
BBs Trail 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4
.20g 9cm 10cm 11cm 9cm .25 g 5cm 6cm 6cm 7cm Mean of .20g BBs: 9.75cm
Mean of .25g BBs: 6cm
Because the Energy of the BB is conserved in the system after the collision, I wanted to show that. So I used the formula .5*
(mass of the BB + pendulum)*(velocity of the BB + pendulum) ² to find the Kinetic Energy. After that I calculated the
Potential Energy using (mass of the BB + pendulum)*gravity*height by which the pendulum swung. To calculate the Velocity
of the BB combined with the pendulum I derived the equation: velocity = √2*gravity*height swung by which the pendulum
swung. I will use the average height swung by the pendulum for both mass BBs.
.20g
v= √(2gh) v=√(2(9.81)() 9.75) v=13.83m/s KE= 1/2 mv²
KE= 1/2(.0152)(13.83) ²
KE= 1.45

The Negative Personality Of Albert Einstein
THE CREATIVE PERSONALITY OF ALBERT EINSTEIN
He is renown as the "Father of solid state Physics", the famous 20th century scientist and a symbol of intellectual independence
and leadership (Cardona, 2005). Albert Einstein the Jewish mathematician and physicist was born on March 14,1879 at Ulm, in
Württemberg, Germany. He is acclaimed for his theories in physics specifically the theory of special relativity, the general
theory of relativity and the photoelectric effect (Howell, 2017). His special relativity theory summarised in the equation E=mc2
is widely known even among those who don't understand physics. It's these theories that earned him the international
accreditation and acclaim in physics as the Nobel Prize winner in 1921(Parker 2007).
According to the 4P's of creativity, the press which is the external (structural) social environment one grows up in largely
contributes to one accessing information contained in a given domain (Csikszentmihalyi, 1988). This is clearly demonstrated in
Einstein's early life. His father and uncle were engineers who ran a company that made electrical equipment based on direct
current (Howell, 2017), thus he was exposed to so much the factual knowledge and underlying principles and tenets of physics,
machines and equipment's at his father's workshop.
Second to this is his personality, the internal (subjective) factors that triggers creativity according to (Csikszentmihalyi 2014).
Einstein was very curios and inquisitive by nature. The

Essay on Homework #3 Solutions
Physics 221 Summer 2012
HOMEWORK #3
Due Monday July 2, 2012
1
James Bond (90 kg), outfitted with perfectly matching skis and skiware, is at the top of a steep slope that a secret spy like him
can easily handle. He lets himself go from rest and smoothly slides down the h = 15 m high hill. A big parking lot lies at the
bottom of the hill. Since the parking area has been cleared of snow, the friction between the ground and the skis brings our hero
to a halt at point D, located at a distance d = 12 m from point C. The descent can be considered frictionless. Take the potential
energy to be zero at the bottom of the slope. (a) What is the mechanical energy of James Bond at points A and D? (b)
Determine the speed of Bond at position B ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A bullet of mass 10.0 g is fired into the block and embeds in the block. The block rises a height of h = 5.00 cm. (a) Draw a
figure showing the initial and final positions of the block. (b) What was the speed of the bullet? (c) How much thermal energy
is generated in the block? (d) If the bullet stops in a distance of 4.00 cm inside the block, estimate the force of friction.
SOLUTION : (b) The problem consists of two stages. The first stage is from before to after the impact. The second stage is
from just after the impact to the final position. In the first stage, the linear momentum is conserved. In the second stage, the
energy is conserved. Let us denote the initial speed of the bullet as v0 . So: pbefore = pafter mv0 = (m + M ) v (4) M +m v0 m
M y=0 Then using the conservation of energy of the combined mass rising to height h after the impact: 1 (M + m) v 2 = (M +
m) gh 2 ⇒ v = 2gh (a)
L L y=h
(5)
Substituting v from eq. 5 into eq. 4 and solving for v0 : v0 = m+M m 2gh = 2.00 kg + 0.0100 kg 0.0100 kg 2 9.80 m/s2 (0.0500
m) = 199 m/s
(c) Assuming no sound generated in the impact, all the energy lost will turn into heat energy. The heat energy generated is
equal to the difference between the energy before the impact

Nt1310 Lab 3.3
CHAPTER 3:
3.1: Formulation of Mathematical Model
Consider the impact of a bullet on a fabric of soft armor made up of interlinked and crisscrossed yarns. The fabric consists of n
layers stacked above one another. The bullet carries a momentum which it transfers to the yarns in the fabric. These yarns, due
to their capability to quickly dissipate the energy of the bullet by transferring it to neighboring yarns in all directions, prevent
the bullet from passing through. The mechanism of the bullet impact and the subsequent stoppage can be modelled as given
below.
Figure 3.1: schematic study of bullet hitting ballistic armor
Let the mass of the fired bullet be Mb. It is fired at an initial velocity of v. The momentum ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Energy absorbed= volumetric energy density* volume =1/2*Y*volume*(strain)^2 (4)
The volume is given by, volume= n m A c*dt (5)
Here, c= Velocity of the sound in the armor material
From equations (4) and (5), we get,
Energy absorbed=1/2*Y*n m A c∫_0^t▒〖∈^2 (t)dt〗 (6)
The strain is integrated with time from the time of impact to the time of failure as it keeps on changing during the impact of the
bullet and is not constant.
The change in kinetic energy of the bullet is given by: Change in kinetic enregy= 1/2 M_b (V_f^2 – V_i^2 ) (7)
Where, Vf = Final velocity of the bullet Vi = Initial velocity of the bullet
The energy absorbed by the fabric in the armor is equal to the loss of kinetic energy carried by the bullet during impact.
Energy absorbed by armour =change in kinetic energy of

A Physics Special On Mass Energy Equivalence
The
Great Lakes Tribune
A Physics Special on
Mass–Energy Equivalence
Article By: Hugh Corley
History
Born in Germany in 1879, Albert Einstein was theoretical physicist. After graduating high school, he began working in a Swiss
patent office in 1903. 1905 was like any other year in the patent office. That is, until September 27, when Albert Einstein
finished a paper that would revolutionize physics.
Titled "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy–Content?" it was the final paper in a series of four he submitted
that year to the German physics journal, Annalen der Physik. The first three papers explained the photoelectric effect, gave
experimental proof of the atoms, and introduced the theory of special relativity. In the fourth paper however, Einstein explained
the idea of mass–energy equivalence, using the now famous equation E=mc2. Although the idea of mass–energy equivalence
existed before Einstein, it was never realized and systematically consolidated to a single equation. iii
Explanation
Figure 1: The Rest Mass Energy Equation.ii
This equation states that that the energy of the system (E) is equivalent to the mass of the system (m) times the speed of light
squared. In short, mass and energy are separate quantities that are closely related. So close, in fact, that they are physically
equivalent to each other. An increase in energy yields a proportional increase in inertial mass. However it is important to note
that the matter remains unchanged. Another

Physics Of Kinetic Energy And Stopping Distance
Newton's law of inertia states that an object in motion will stay in motion until an equal and opposite force stops it. In a
collision, a driver's car is stopped by another object (Ex: another car, a tree, a lamp post). Anything not attached to the car will
continue to move forward because they are not stopped by the force that halted the car. Therefore a person who is not wearing
a seatbelt during a collision would fly to the front of the car until they hit something (Ex: the dashboard, the wheel, a car
seat).The stopping distance of the vehicle going 60 mph would be four times greater than that of the vehicle going 30 mph.
This is because kinetic energy increases exponentially along with velocity. From my prior knowledge in physics, I know that
the formula for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mass, kinetic energy, and stopping distance have a direct relationship so if the mass of the vehicle goes up, the kinetic energy
increases, and so does the braking distance. This can be proven by the equation KE= 1/2mv2, as mention in the answer to the
previous question. Assuming the vehicles' velocities are the same, mass is directly correlated to kinetic energy. Kinetic energy
and stopping distance have a direct relationship, as explained in the previous answer.To prepare to enter sharp curves, a driver
should slow down. Lowering the velocity of a car decreases the kinetic energy in the car. This means the braking distance
would be shorter since there is less kinetic energy to convert. Drivers that travel at a slower speed and have a short braking
distance can pass through sharp curves easier because they have more control over the vehicle and can stop if the vehicle gets
too close to the edge of the road.A reason why car crashes have different levels of injuries is that the force of impact varies in
distinctive situations. The force of impact in accidents depends on the size, weight, and speed of the colliding

How To Explain Why Michael Guillen Felt Changed The World
As you can tell by the name of the book, Michael Guillen writes about 5 equations that he felt changed the world. In about 50
pages per equation Guillen gives a backstory and explanation of why and how each scientist discovered their equation of how
the world works. The five equations were:
Universal Law of Gravity which was found by Isaac Newton
Law of Hydrodynamic Pressure found by Daniel Bernoulli
Law of Electromagnetic Induction found by Michael Faraday
Second Law of Thermodynamics found by Rudolf Clausius
And last but not least Theory of Special Relativity found by Albert Einstein
As a child Isaac Newton was fascinated with windmills, when he was thirteen one was being constructed just outside his
hometown of Grantham. Everyday he would

Essay The Special Theory of Relativity by Albert Einstein
The Special Theory of relativity is an acknowledged physical theory that revolutionized advancements in the relationship
between space, and time. The theory is one of the most interesting discoveries that are still used today in science fiction movies
such as Star Wars, and Star Trek through the use of black holes, and time travel due to it's astonishing results, and it occurrence
at speeds close to the speed light, which can be appealing to a wide range of audience. This was a harvest from six years of
extremely handwork by Albert Einstein. Einstein used resources that were widely available to the public due to his economic
constraints. It wasn't until 1905, when Einstein finally had finished and published his discoveries, and gatherings ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both you and the observer could argue for days, and none of you would be able to prove the other person wrong, and as matter
of fact, when it comes to physical laws both of you are correct. It all depends on your frame of reference. Speaking of frames
of reference, an inertial reference frame is an area where no force applies, therefore there isn't any gravitational force, or any
acceleration, in an inertial frame one couldn't tell if he was on constant velocity or if he was at rest. The simultaneity of events
is matter of a person's frame of reference. If a person is moving at a constant velocity in between two object emitting light he'll
see the light source he's moving towards, and the light source he's moving away from flash at the same time. However if a
stationary observer watches this from a stationary platform, he'll see that the light source that the person is moving away from
has more distance to cover than the one he's moving towards. He'll also notice that both these light emissions will reach the
person standing in between them at the same time. So considering that the speed of light is the same in all situations. The
observer sees the light source the person is moving away from flash first as it has more distance to cover, and yet reaches the
person standing in the middle at the same time. The first of the Special Theory of relativity's affects, causes the phenomena of
time dilation. Time

The Possibility of Time Travel, and its Components.
When one talks about time travel, it is automatically assumed that it is a machine that can go anywhere in time and space, just
like Doctor Who, but that is not completely true when it comes to Einstein's Special relativity. The Gale Encyclopedia of
Science of Special theory of Relativity states that, "Einstein's Special relativity states the way in which an observer's
experience of time and space is interrelated" (VAN TILL, Howard: Relativity, Special Theory of). This means that an
observer's experience of time and space is connected in different ways. In broader terms Special relativity talks about motion in
time and space. People who are opposed to time travel say that it is not possible for a single photon to travel at the speed of
light, which in their aspect is necessary for time travel. Another reason why people think time travel is implausible because
scientists don't have technology to travel at the speed of light. However, scientists are working on the ability to travel at such
speeds. Time travel is feasible because of Einstein's Special relativity, which includes the theory itself, the speed of light, as
well as motion and perspective.
Time travel is more multifarious to understand than the ones in the shows. For example there are beyond plenty of factors for
time travel to be prevented by the laws of physics such as gravitational pull. Gravitational Pull itself slows any speed of an
object. In illustration, if a two space ships were traveling toward a black

Relativistic Doppler Effect and the Misunderstandings of...
The present paper discusses the relativistic Doppler effect and tries to found misunderstandings in the present state of the
Special theory of relativity. The author's conclusion that he found some "blue shift" which contradicts with time dilation is
wrong.
The weakest feature of the paper is that although the formulas, presented by authors, are in general correct, but they do not
support the conclusions the author extract from them, and mistake is hidden in the interpretation.
Let's focus on the plane waves.
In general, the transverse Doppler effect, as it is studied in the available literature, means that an observer (let's call him the 1st
observer), that receive an electromagnetic wave from a distant source, moving relative to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In case of author considerations, they are measured by different observers, situated at different reference frames. If one wants
to use 2nd observer to find the Doppler effect, for 2nd observer, his β=β₂=0, and his α'=α, formulas (1)–(2) will give ν'=ν₂'=ν.
So there is no frequency shift for the 2nd observer. (as it should be for him, being in rest with the source).
For the 1st observer, substituting the β and α'=π/2 will give correct result: ν'=ν/γ, where γ=1/(sqrt(1–v²/c²)).
One should not mix this two cases, as the author does.
Let's look to the author's arguments, why one should use α=π/2 rather than α'=π/2 to define transverse Doppler effect. The
author calls α as the proper angle and α' as apparent angle, in the analogy with the term "proper" length. This analogy seems to
be not applicable. The "proper" length is the length of an item, measured in rest with this item. The term "apparent" length is
for the length of an item, measured by another observer, moving relative to the item.
For the angle between two items, it is not obvious, relative to what part of the system the observer should be in rest, in order to
measure the angle to call the angle as "proper" angle.
The author's idea, that using α=π/2 in order to compare with classical Doppler effect, also does not hold water, as in the
classical theory

The Rise Of Einsteinian Special Relativity Essay
In 1905, Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity was proposed. The reason that it is so "special" is because it was
part of the more complex and extensive Theory of General Relativity, which was published in 1915. His theory reshaped the
world of physics when it contradicted all previous laws of motion erected by Galileo and Newton. By mathematically
manipulating these previous laws of motion, physicists in the nineteenth century were able to explain such phenomena as the
flow of the ocean, the orbits of planets around the sun, the fall of rocks, and the random behavior of molecules in gases. At
first, Einstein faced great opposition when he came up with his radical new theory because the previous laws of motion
proposed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Newton and Galileo would have assumed that like the speeds of the two cars in the previous example, the velocity of light
could be calculated in the same fashion. For example: If a car is moving at a speed of 25 meters per second with its headlights
on, what is the speed of the light emitted by the headlights? Newton and Galileo would have thought, "25 meters per
second for the car plus 299,792,458 meters per second for the speed of light equals 299,792,483 meters per second for the
speed of the light emitted by the headlights of the car."
This method of thinking would have been acceptable up until 1881. At this time, an experiment took place that would change
physics forever. Albert Michelson wanted to test Newton's idea of variable speeds of light due to the existence of the aether. He
knew that since the Earth moves in absolute space, that the speed of light should be measured differently in January than six
months later in June when it is moving in an opposite direction in its orbit. This is because the speed of light and Earth would
be additive. The difference, according to Newton and Galileo, would only be about 1 part in 10,000 since the earth moves
slowly relative to the speed of light.
Michelson set up an extremely accurate test using a special device that

Time Dilation And Einstein 's Special Theory Of Relativity
Mohammed Mikky
Sr. Sausan
AP Physics
5/31/17
Time Dilation and Einstein 's Special Theory of Relativity in Interstellar Einstein 's theory of special relativity, ever since its
introduction in 1905, has been a tricky and confusing subject. Many people could not grasp how time could be different for two
objects as people saw time as a linear entity moving at one second per second. However, several experiments many decades
later proved Einstein 's original theories. Scientists came up with several theories to explain this phenomenon such as the ether
but experiments to prove them failed. Einstein's theory, supported by several experiments, was the most logical explanation for
time dilation. Interstellar tackles the concept of special ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He concluded that the ether must be a solid and be an extremely tenuous gas. The most famous experiment to prove the
existence of the ether was Michelson–Morley Experiment. They wanted to measure the motion of the ether relative to us since
they assumed the ether must move around the earth. "The velocity of light (c) traveling through this either would change for
angles that ranged from light was traveling in the same direction as the ether (c+v) to light traveling in the reverse direction of
the ether (c–v). The key instrument in their experiment was an interferometer which allows one to see light interference
fringes. The role of the interferometer was to detect whether a beam of light, split into paths at right angles to each other and
then recombined, has a difference in velocities over the two paths. The interferometer was set with one path parallel to the
motion of the earth in its orbit, and then rotated to put the other path parallel to the motion of the earth." (Ether: What is it?,
Amara Graps) They found no shift in the light interference fringes. This led to several contradictions and only 2 possible
resolutions could be explained: either the experiment failed and couldn 't effectively prove the ether, or the ether never existed.
The consequence of the M–M experiment was that instead of light having a preferred frame of reference, time is constant for
all observers. Take a simple experiment. Suppose you have light

The Findings After Testing Quantized Inertia On The Emdrive
The purpose of this article was to report the findings after testing quantized inertia on the EmDrive. The authors predicted that
the thrust produced by the EmDrive can be explained assuming that the inertial mass of the photons is caused by unruh
radiation. Multiple experiments took place in several independent labs, and produced results that were similar to the predicted
values for thrust. The computations of the results did not sufficiently model wave oscillations in 3D, thus the authors
recommend further testing in order to produce more accurate findings.
The text is formatted as a journal article and has been peer reviewed. It was published on August 31, 2015, in Europhyiscs
Letters, a journal founded in 1986 by the European Physical Society. The article references multiple sources that are also
academically reliable.
This source will be used to introduce one of the current theories attempting to explain how the EmDrive produces thrust. The
article also addresses the lack of scientific explanation which will help to prove my own credibility in the report as I address a
multitude of theories. Because the article was published recently I will likely introduce this source last.
"Standard physics has no explanation for this and an error has not yet been found... There is no explanation for this behavior in
standard physics because it violates the conservation of momentum, and Shawyer 's own attempt to explain it using special
relativity is not convincing, as this

What Is The Last Step To Equalize The Linear Velocity...
The last step is to equalize the linear velocity vector of the standard wheel to that of equation 3. ( ■(s(α+β)&–c(α+β)&–
cβd@c(α+β)&s(α+β)&sβd@0&0&0) )( ■(x ̇@y ̇@θ ̇ ) )=( ■(rψ ̇@0@0) ) (4)
In case of the steerable standard wheel, equation 4 can be used in the same way, if the fixed angle β is replaced by a function
β(t). This equation could also be applied to the spherical wheel (because of the forces which affect the wheel and change β(t),
only a linear velocity in the rolling direction exists). If the wheel is a castor wheel, the y–component of the velocity vector is
depending on the angular velocity β ̇ and the length of the rod (see equation 5). ( ■(s(α+β)&–c(α+β)&–
cβd@c(α+β)&s(α+β)&sβd@0&0&0) )( ■(x ̇@y ̇@θ ̇ ) )=( ■(rψ ̇@–d_c β ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The vector q ⃗ describes the configuration (position and orientation) of the robot at any time. q ⃗=[■(x&y&ϕ)]^T (7) where x,
y are the coordinates of the robot (point o) in the inertial frame. If the linear speed and angular velocity of the robot are v and
ω, respectively, assuming no–slip on the wheels, the velocity components can be written as x ̇=v cos⁡
ϕ (8) y ̇=v sin⁡
ϕ (9) ϕ ̇=ω
(10)
The kinematics of motion of the robot can be written as follows: q ⃗ ̇= [■(cos⁡
ϕ&0@sin⁡
ϕ&0@0&1)] u ⃗ (11)
Where, q ̇ is the time derivative of configuration q and u ⃗=[■(v&w)]^T is the control input given to the robot for navigation.
The angular and linear velocity of the robot can be written in terms of the linear velocities of the right and the left wheel
centers (v_r,v_l) ω=(v_r–v_l)/2d (12) v=(v_r+v_l)/2 (13)
Here for the right wheel, the Newton–Euler equation is expressed as F_r – f_r = m_w x ̈_r (14) τ_r – F_r .r = J_w ω ̇_r (15)
where F_r is the reaction force applied to the right wheel by the rest of the robot; f_r is the friction force between the right
wheel and the ground; m_w is the mass of the wheel; τ_r is the torque acting on the right wheel provided by the right motor; r
is the radius of the wheel; and J_w is the inertia of the wheel. Note that the Coriolis part had been deleted since it is negligible
due to the fact that the wheel inertia is much smaller than the robot inertia.
Similarly, for the left wheel we can write F_l – f_l = m_w

How Albert Einstein Affected Technology?
Albert Einstein, one of the most luminary thinkers in history made many influential contributions to the fields of science and
philosophy to revolutionize man's understanding of the world. All great things once had humble beginnings. Einstein was born
into a middle class family with one sibling. Early in his life, his family influenced him through his presents. His family would
gift items such as him telescopes and compasses. His uncle would also, on occasional, teach him in algebra. The one man
however who inspired him the most was Albert A. Michelson, a former navy student who refined the definition of the speed of
light. In addition to his type of home–schooling, Einstein also went to a public school. It was always a controversial question
that asked if Einstein failed at some core subjects in school. The only and true answer is that he set his focus on only the
subjects that intrigued him. It was in this way that he was able to achieve the great works that he did. Later on in his life, he
would put this strategy to use again as he focuses on developing the Theory of Special Relativity and the equation E=mc².
Through the establishment of his legendary equation, the Theory for Lasers, and the publication of Theory of Special
Relativity, Albert Einstein succeeded in laying an enormous impact on the technology in the twenty and twenty–first century.
To commence, Einstein's world renowned equation allowed the world to see a new way to create energy using mass.

Essay about The Theory of Relativity
Since the days of Newton, the ideas of classical mechanics prevailed in the scientific community. The ideas of absolute
velocity and absolute time were accepted phenomenon and were not at all challenged. However, as the nineteenth century drew
to a close, new observations were being made, observations which contradicted the current theory of the time. For instance,
throughout the nineteenth century, it was correctly believed that light was a wave. If light were a wave like all other waves, it
must have a medium through which to propagate through. This medium was called the ether, a substance which was
everywhere throughout the universe. If this hypothesis were true one would be able to calculate the velocity of the Earth
through the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1) The laws of physics are identical in all inertial frames, or equivalently, the outcome of any physical experiment is the same
when performed with identical initial conditions relative to any inertial frame. This assumption is an amazing generalization of
the laws of physics. It had been previously assumed that mechanics where all identical in all inertial frames (conditions where
the velocity of the reference, such as inside a car or the Earth is constant). However, Einstein assumed that all the laws of
physics, thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, optics, remained the same in all inertial reference frames. As it turns out, this
assumption is required for the second assumption to be true. 2) There exists an inertial frame in which light signals in vacuum
always travel rectilinearly at constant speed c (2.9979245 × 10^8 m/s), in all directions, independently of the motion of the
source. This assumption has far reaching consequences which fundamentally change our perception of how the universe works.
These consequences will be later explained. An idea of what this means can be given in a brief example. Suppose that you are
in a car traveling at forty miles per hour relative to the ground. If you were to throw a ball out of the car in front of you at five
miles per hour relative to you, the ball would be traveling at forty five miles per hour relative to the ground. This is Galilean
relativity and, until Einstein, was believed to be an

What Is An Indicator For System Generation And Consumption...
Grid frequency $f$ can be considered as an indicator for system generation and consumption power balance, when an
imbalance occurs the power system frequency will change accordingly.
One of the responsibility's of a transmission system operators is to operate the electric grid at a certain system frequency which
is the nominal grid frequency $f_{0}$, 50 Hz in Europe, where the torque is continually adjusted to keep the system frequency
at the nominal grid frequency. in equation (1)
Where $Tgen$ is the generated torque, $Tload$ is the consumed torque including grid losses torque and $JSys$ is the total
moments of inertia in the system representing the coupled synchronous machines response in case of any power imbalance.
$delta omega ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the recent situation of the connected power grid for the ECSA, the amount of residual inertia $J_{res}$ needed to prevent a
blackout is decided by ROCOF limits regulations which is in our case $delta f /delta t$=2 $Hz/s$, using related equations(1)
(2) and by using an inertia constant similar to that of already available biomass and hydro units which is between /1.5s–4s/
cite{hh}, we get a maximum rated power in the magnitude of 20$GW$ which is to put in context Significantly lower than the
total installed hydro power capacity of 136 $GW$ in the EU–27, with an additional 62 $GW$ in Norway, Switzerland,
Turkey, Croatia and Iceland combined cite{hydro}, so it is clear that hydro along with other RES such as biomass can
generate the needed $J_{res}$ for the scenario discussed without calculating existing synchronous generators inertia nor
calculating the inertia generated from synchronous loads, in other words even by the continuous decrease in synchronous
generation inertia it won`t be expected to not have enough inertia in the EU–27 power system to cover a blackout scenario in
case of a single fault with a load generation of 3 $GW$ in

The Cultural Icon Of The 20th Century Essay
Amber Gentile 12 December 2016 Period 2 Albert Einstein– The Cultural Icon from the 20th Century Albert Einstein once said
"I want to know God's thoughts, the rest are details". Einstein wanted an equation that would encapsulate all physical laws. To
put the beauty and the power of the universe into a single equation was his life's goal. Although Einstein's name is now
synonymous with genius, his professors would have never predicted him to be this successful as he would always cut class, and
he could not get a single job after graduating. Einstein thought he was such loser that he wrote a letter to his family saying
perhaps it would be better if he was never born. His father had to apply on behalf of Einstein for academic positions, but they
all said there were no positions available. His father passed away thinking that Einstein was a total disgrace to the family. In
1902 Einstein moved to Switzerland, and began a career far from science. One of his friends got him a job to be a patent clerk
in the Swiss patent office. He spent six days a week reviewing applications submitted by inventors to the Swiss government.
He had to analyze the patents and strip them to their essence, which honed his skills as a physicist. Since it was not
intellectually demanding it would give him ample time to contemplate the universe. Einstein's daydreams would change the
way the universe was understood. In 1905 in what has been called his miracle year, he publishes in his spare time four

Energy Efficient Controller Design For Underwater Gliders...
Energy Efficient Controller Design for Underwater Gliders Maneuvering
MEEM 5990 – SPECIAL TOPIC
Dr. Nina Mahmoudian
Submitted by
Anudeep Reddy Karra
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude towards Dr.Nina Mahmoudian on providing me an opportunity to work on this project. I am
grateful for providing an opportunity to work under her and also providing an excellent project mentor like Mr. Barzin
Moridian to work with. I would also like to thank Mr.Barzin Moridian for continuously mentoring me on this project and
giving valuable insights about the project and helping me through the difficult situations during the Project. I express my
sincere thanks to him to giving me sufficient amount to time to learn the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mathematical Modelling: 5
2.1 DC Servo Motor: 5
2.2 Glider Modelling: 7
2.2.1 Kinematic Equations of the System 7
2.2.2 Mass Matrix and Inertial Matrix 8
2.2.3 Momentum and the rate of change of the Momentum 9
3. Simulation: 10
4. Results: 11
5. Conclusions: 11
6. Future Work: 11
1. Introduction: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are used for long–term, large scale oceanographic monitoring. They
are classified into different types– battery powered AUVs, propeller–driven AUVs and buoyancy – driven under water gliders.
Among these, underwater gliders are highly efficient compared to the other types of gliders, because they spend most of their
time in stable, steady motion and they spend their energy only when they are changing their equilibrium state. There are
various ways in which these gliders can use buoyancy for maneuvering. For this model the movement of these gliders is
controlled by the servo actuators which move the mass relative to the vehicle's frame and their motion control is affected by
varying the parameters which affect the steady motion, such as the center of mass and buoyancy. These parameters are to be
controlled for attaining a steady state motion. For this a control system needs to be designed which provides feedback in
response to the errors which are present in the state of motion. [1][3] The main important area of concern for the underwater
gliders has been their efficiency, then motion control is the secondary concern.

Physics Of Bowling Essay
Physics Of Bowling
The one thing that interests me is bowling. I have been playing all my life and after a whole semester and a half of being in Mr.
Fetter's class, I realized that everything has physics in it. One night after going bowling with my girlfriend(s) I wondered why
when I hit the first pin, only seven went down and thus I lost the game. So, I got on the Internet and found a lot of articles and
web sites talking about the physics of bowling. A lot of the web sites were brief descriptions. A guy named Paul Durbin wrote
many articles on physics. One of his articles he discussed was about bowling. He mentioned one thing we already went over
this semester in physics class. But it seems to me that he neglected to mention other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
You may let go of the bowling ball at a constant speed, but its velocity is not constant because of the change in direction every
instant. The ball's state of motion is changing. It's accelerating! Now you can see why it is important to know the difference
between speed and velocity, and why acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity, rather than speed. Acceleration is
like velocity, its directional. If you were to change your arms speed or direction, or even both, you change velocity and you
accelerate. Just remember acceleration = change of velocity/time interval.
The one thing that's cool about pool is that wooden alley that's always shiny. The alley is made out of fine wood and is usually
shined up. The alley seems to be the friction that slows a ball down. Even when a single force is applied to an object, it is
usually not the only force affecting the motion. This is because of friction. Friction is a force that always acts in a direction to
oppose motion. When you let go of the ball one way, the air resistance is coming the opposite direction.
Let go of the bowling ball and you can see it in motion. If an object moves, the by virtue of that motion it is capable of doing
work. It has energy in motion, or kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of an object depends on the mass of the object as well as its
speed.
KE = ½mv².
When you let go of that bowling ball, you do work on it to give it speed to get that nice rotation. The

Albert Einstein’s vs. Newton: General Theory of Relativity
Albert Einstein's vs. Newton: General Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein, most famously known as a physicist, was a
contributor to the scientific world with his many known researches and humanitarian work. As a Nobel Prize Winner in 1921,
his chronicled and more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English Translation, 1920
and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution
of Physics (1938). (Nobel Prize Foundation, 1921) In all his important works, Einstein's Theory of Relativity has lead the way
for how science currently views time, space, energy, and gravity. Relativity, which all motion must ... Show more content on
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What the world line of a particle moving with constant speed in one direction? How would you describe the motion of a
particle with the world line shown below? Viewing spacetime this way allows us to formulate physics in new ways. It is a
similar way in getting Newton's first law of motion, which states that an object with no force acting on it will move in a
straight line at a constant and we can just say that the world line of a free object (one with no forces on it) is a straight line.
speed (Harrison, pars. 6) Comparing to Newton's laws, spacetime are considered two separate things, while in relativity, both
in special and general theory, it is necessary to view spacetime as one. In GR this team of spacetime is curved by the effects of
gravity. Now in GR, curved space often refers to a spatial geometry, which is not "flat." Spacetime becomes curved in the
response to the effects of matter and there is no gravitational force deflecting objects from their natural, straight paths. This
puts gravity to correspond to changes in the properties of space and time, which in turn changes the straightest–possible paths
that objects will naturally follow. So the act of curving is caused by the energy–momentum of matter and affects matters
behaviors. In Newton's first law of motion, it states that, where an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion
tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same

Bicycle Day Research Paper
Albert Hofmann and Bicycle Day: How LSD changed the World It is true that my discovery of LSD was a chance discovery,
but it was the outcome of planned experiments and these experiments took place in the framework of systematic
pharmaceutical, chemical research. It could better be described as serendipity.– Albert Hofmann. Many people know about the
effects of LSD–25 but have yet to learn the history of the substance. Albert Hofmann synthesized, experienced, and changed
the world with lysergic acid.
Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD–25 at Sandoz laboratories in Basel, Switzerland, in 1938 (The History of LSD).
Hofmann's studies had shifted to ergot, which is a fungus that grows on rye, hoping to obtain an analeptic, a circulatory and
respiratory stimulant (LSD: Cultural Revolution and Medical Advances). Pharmacologists had no interest in the new
substance,and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After some two hours this condition faded away." With this in mind, Hofmann had decided to do a self experiment. (Hofmann
12)
Albert Hofmann's discovery changed the medical world. Pharmacologists and psychologists, often used LSD medically. After
LSD being used medically, in the 60s it became a huge counterculture that included Timothy Leary who was a major face of
this movement. As a result of the growth in popularity of LSD in the 60s, and the harm of irresponsible use, it became a
schedule 1 substance and use declined. Despite the dangerous stereotype associated with LSD, it has inspired the creation of
many movies, paintings, and songs.
The creation of this powerful substance has affected much since its creation. It has changed the lives of many individuals
(Kirkland). A small amount of this substance has created enormous effects to the people who have consumed it, but also the
history of the entire

The Slingshot Is A Weapon Used By People For Generations
Chris Walker
Martha Kinsler
Chemistry Honors
28 November 2015
Background Research.
The slingshot is a weapon used by people for generations. It was originally just a strapped sling used to propel rocks. It usually
was used as a lightweight hunting weapon and sometimes for defense (Yoder.) People had used it by rapidly spinning the string
and letting it go, sending the rock flying at high speeds. It wasn't until the mid–1800 's that the traditional slingshot we all
know of today came into play (Yoder.) It was a y–shaped stick with two elastic bands tied between two endpoints at either of
the upper ends of the Y. It is a seemingly simple machine, where all you have to do to be able to use it was point, pull, and
release. This is what made them ideal for children to play with in the late 1800's and early 1900's. However, slingshots are not
as simple as people originally thought. Slingshots have a lot of scientific and mathematical concepts that are the reason it was
such a useful weapon back in the day and a great form of entertainment today.
The history of the slingshot is not what most people expect. As stated earlier, the earliest form of the slingshot is the strapped
sling. One of the earliest accounts of a single sling being used was in The Bible's "David and Goliath," where David slung a
rock at Goliath. Sadly, this was highly inefficient due to its lack of accuracy and even though it is light, you had to spin it
around to pick up enough speed to be able to

The Hundredth Monkey Experiment: The Perfect Relationship
I once met a sort of guru who preferred the name Eartheagle. Eartheagle and I were strolling through a garden as we discussed
nature and life's inner–workings. I was having issues with many sorts of relationships at the time and decided to propose a
question. "What is the perfect relationship?" I asked. "The perfect relationship is like the Earth and Sun. If the earth were any
closer, it would burn up. If it were any further away, it would grow cold. Without the Sun the Earth could not survive. Without
the Earth the Sun would be useless. Relationship is key. You need relationship in life. You, and all else, provide life to each
other and give each other meaning. It is important, however, to keep the correct distance. Too close and the relationship ...
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Scientific research has discovered in cities and towns where just as little as 1% of the population practices transcendental
meditation that the crime rates are much lower, the economy is better, the people are healthier, with many more small positive
occurrences. Researchers took this a step further and gathered 7,000 people (the square root of 1% of the global population)
and had them all practicing transcendental meditation at the same time and found immediate changes in global affairs. Crime
was at a low, economy was at a high, there was reduction in all global conflicts. This experiment was reproduced over and
over, some times it would go on every day for weeks at a time. It was concluded that these groups directly affected global
consciousness. With this knowledge we now have regarding water, these conclusions are quite logical. This effect is only
possible by means of the etheric and akashic bonds that connect

The aim of this experiment is to investigate the law of...
The aim of this experiment is to investigate the law of conservation of momentum.
Conservation of Momentum
The total momentum of an isolated system is constant.
2. Performing Research
The research for this experiment was collected through methods of internet research as well as the use of YouTube videos in
order to see how the experiment work and also to make sure there were no flaws within my experiment. I also used the school
textbook as a reference to help me.
I went to many sites on the internet in order to collect information about my experiment, I looked at many views and opinions
on varies ways to test my aim.
The experiment that I found to be helpful to test my aim was found on the internet. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The experiment that I conducted was a simple yet tested the aim.
Apparatus:
In the experiment I did, I used two marbles, one 30cm plastic ruler, one plastic space case, one book and an Ipad to record the
times.
Method:
1. Place the 30cm ruler on a flat surface, the 0cm side must be place facing towards you and the 30cm side must be placed
facing towards the opposite direction.
2. Once the ruler has been placed on the flat surface, place the book at the end of the ruler on the end where the ruler touches
the table, to stop the marbles from rolling of the table.
3. Place one of the two marbles at the top of the ruler (0cm) side, and the other marble exactly at 15cm on the ruler.
4. Hold the marble that has been placed at the top of the ruler (0cm) with one of your hands so that you are able to time the
experiment with your other hand.
5. Flick the marble and record the time in takes to hit the marble and for the second marble to reach the bottom of the ruler.
6. Repeat the experiment ten times and average out the time in order to determine the average speed, we are able to determine
the average speed because we now have distance and time.
Calculate the average speed of the marble a flat surface:
Angle of inclination:
Sinθ = 0˚
Observations:
The marble on an inclination of 0˚, has an initial velocity of 0m.s–1.
The average time it took for the first marble to reach the second marble was 0.44 seconds and for the second

Disadvantages Of Crumple Zones
Crumple Zones Crumple zones are a safety feature in many cars that can greatly reduce the impact of crashes. They are a
feature that saves lives, and as humans advance in technology, crumple zones are improving to reduce the impact of crashes by
even more. "Car Safety Pictures" 10 September 2008. HowStuffWorks.com. 27 July 2017 Crumple zones reduce the force in a
crash when they deform and crumple. This is a very effective way of reducing force because it redistributes the force of the
crash around the car, as well as increasing the time taken for the car to come to a stop. When the car stops, the people inside
continue travelling in the same direction as before the car stopped. People are injured when this happens when they come into
contact with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As well as other features, car crumple zones greatly improve the the safety of a vehicle. There are very few disadvantages to
having a new and working car crumple zone. The disadvantages are: After a collision, the cost of repairs to the vehicle is
greatly increased. Because crumple zones are so effective, often even minor crashes must be repaired. Crumple zones also have
to be kept up to date because of road safety regulations. This is an extra expense, and also makes selling cars with old safety
systems difficult. In conclusion, it is very advantageous to have a new and working crumple zone. Car crumple zones greatly
reduce the force that reaches the occupant of the car by redistributing the force of the collision around the car, and increasing
the time taken for the car to stop. Redistributed force means that less of the force of the impact makes it to the occupant of the
vehicle, and increased time taken for the car to stop means that the force of the collision is actually lowered. All of this makes
it less likely for people to be injured in crashes, so crumple zones make vehicles

Blackwood Ballistic Pendulum
Experiment 6:
September 18, 2013
Jamal Wright
Zachary Floyd
Christopher Wilson
Experiment 6
Jamal Wright, Zachary Floyd, Christopher Wilson
Abstract Our goal of this experiment is to determine muzzle velocity by two methods: 1) employing uniform linear motion
relations, the kinematic equations; 2) using the principles of conservation of energy and momentum. In this paper, we aim to
validate the law of conservation of momentum. We do so by comparing results from two experiments conducted with a single
ballistic launcher/pendulum apparatus.
Hypothesis: The initial velocity of a ballistic pendulum can be determined using the law of conservation of momentum.
Momentum ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the ball hits the ground then y = H (since the positive y axis points downward.) By measuring the distance of fall and
using that acceleration due to gravity, g, the time of flight t = Tflight, can be calculated with the following transformed
kinematic equation:
Tflight = sqrt(2H/g)
The muzzle velocity, vmuzzle, (also the intitial velocity – vx0) of the ball after being fired is horizontal. From a measurement
of the range, R, and using the time of flight, the muzzle velocity can be determined
Vmuzzle = Ravg/Tflight
The second method requires the determination of the muzzle velocity from the principle of conservation of momentum. The
momentum of the ball just before it collides with the pendulum must equal the momentum of the ball and the pendulum just
after the collision, pi = pf. To expand on this we see:
Mvmuzzle + MV = (m + M)V,
Where m is the mass of the ball, M is the mass of the pendulum and V is the velocity of the ball and the pendulum together.
Note: the velocity of the ball and the pendulum, v, is initially zero. In order to find the velocity of the ball and the pendulum
just after the collision we will use the principle of conservation of energy. Neglecting friction at the point of support of the
pendulum, the gravitational potential energy must equal the kinetic energy of the ball and the pendulum at the bottom of the

Investigation of Magnetic Fields by Search Coil
Physics Lab Report – C15 Title: Investigation of magnetic fields by search coil Objective: To use a search coil and a CRO to
investigate the magnetic fields generated by alternating currents through a straight wire and a slinky solenoid. Apparatus:
|Search coil 1 |Slinky solenoid 1 | |CRO 1 |Slotted bases 2 | |Signal generator 1 |Metre rule 1 | |a.c. ammeter ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
B. Magnetic field around slinky solenoid When placing the search coil at the centre of the solenoid, across its cross–section,
the induced e.m.f. shown on the CRO, i.e. the length of the vertical trace is the maximum, that means the magnetic field of the
straight wire is the maximum. When placing the search coil at the end of the solenoid, across its cross–section, the induced
e.m.f. shown on the CRO, i.e. the length of the vertical trace is nearly half that at the centre of the solenoid, that means the
magnetic field of the straight wire is nearly half that at the centre of the solenoid. When placing the search coil along the length
of the solenoid, the induced e.m.f. shown on the CRO is quite uniform except near its two ends. |Current I/A |0.01 |0.02 |0.03
|0.04 |0.05 |0.06 | |Induced e.m.f.(V)/mV |1.4 |2.8 |3.4 |4.2 |6 |6.6 |

Relativity Essay
Relativity is a theory in physics that can be basically implies that space and time are one in the same. This is absolutely
counterintuitive to classical physics which has the two as completely different entities. Relativity can be separated into two
basic concepts: Special and General Relativity. Within Relativity the fundamental concept above all else is that space and time
are intertwined with each other in the universe as a fabric called space–time. Simply put, Special Relativity deals with the laws
of Physics when observers are all moving uniformly relative to each other while General Relativity expands on the idea to
include gravitation and acceleration. (Lieber, Lillian R. The Einstein Theory of Relativity. Philadelphia: Paul Dry, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However this is not the same for the beam of light fired from the laser pointer. This is because light is an electromagnetic wave
that is independent of the motion of its starting point. It will always travel at 299,792,458 m/s because light's speed only
depends on the medium through which it travels and the motion of the object it is created from is completely irrelevant.
(Lieber, Lillian R. The Einstein Theory of Relativity. Philadelphia: Paul Dry, 2008. Print. p. 4–37)( Einstein, Albert, and Robert
W. Lawson. Relativity; the Special and General Theory,. New York: H. Holt and, 1920. 21–25. Print.)
This postulate developed by Einstein has what some would call key problems and would cause uproar in conventional
thinking. Things such as time now become variables when original thinking classified it as an unchanging constant. Just
thinking about this prospect can be mind boggling. Time is something that everyone takes for granted as being a constant flow,
just ticking away, and perpetual. But, in fact, it is something that depends entirely on space–time. How do we know that time is
relative? Imagine a different kind of clock. This clock is unique because instead of a hand ticking away it is actually a beam of
light bouncing between two mirrors. This would seem the most logical choice of an accurate clock because light is a constant
right? As we observe the clock it ticks off at regular

The Nature And Process Of Science
Before Einstein, Scientists believed that light waves travelled through a medium called ether. Einstein proved that ether was
irrelevant and that light doesn't travel through a medium. Einstein proved this by figuring out that the speed of light was
constant, and in order for ether to be the medium light waves travel through, the speed of light would change depending on the
observer. This discovery was one piece of the Specific Theory of Relativity.
The nature and process of science are a collection of things, ideas, and guidelines. "The purpose of science is to learn about and
understand our universe more completely" (Science works in specific ways, 3). Science works with evidence from our world.
If it doesn't come from the natural world, it isn't science. You need to be creative and have flexible thoughts and ideas if you
want to be a scientist. Science always brings up new ideas and theories and if you aren't flexible to those ideas you can't be a
scientist. Science has been in our world for a long time. It is deep into our history and our cultures. The principals of science;
are all about understanding our world using the evidence we collect. If we can't collect evidence on something we simply
cannot understand it. If we don't understanding something about our world, science says that we can learn about it by collecting
evidence (Science has principals, 4). Science is a process; it takes time. You don't immediately come to a conclusion for your
hypothesis a few minutes

The Special Theory Of Einstein : The Physics Of Albert...
Albert Einstein was one of the greatest geniuses in the history of science.His theories, or ideas, led to new ways of thinking
about the universe.Albert Einstein was born to Jewish parents in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879.He did not do well in
school, but he did take an interest in mathematics and science. While at college, he studied physics and math. After graduating
in 1900, he worked in a government office. Meanwhile, he continued studying physics on his own.In 1905 Einstein caused a
stir by publishing five major research papers. These papers forever changed the way people thought about the universe. One of
these papers contained completely new ideas about the properties of light. Einstein received the Nobel prize for physics in
1921, mainly for the work in this paper.In another paper, Einstein presented what is now called the special theory of relativity.
This theory states that measurements of space and time are relative. That is, they change when taken by people moving at
different speeds. This idea was entirely new. The special theory of relativity also changed how scientists thought about energy
and matter. (Matter is everything that takes up space.)When the Nazi Party took over Germany in 1933, Einstein left the
country. He eventually settled in the United States. During World War II Einstein urged the United States to build nuclear
weapons. He felt that these weapons might be needed to defeat the Nazis. The United States did create the first atomic bomb in
1945.

Enrico Fermi Research Paper
The nuclear era advanced us in technology by hundreds of years. Men raced to get the prizes for doing the best. It was a
competition of the countries. This new technology can help win wars everyone was after it. One particular Italian born–
American scientist was a genius in this field. He has done so much for this era that if he didn't do what he did we wouldn't have
won a war and we would still be stuck trying to figure nuclear power out. His name was Enrico Fermi. You may have heard of
Fermi lab yes it was named after this wonderful scientist. Now let's go and explore the life of Enrico Fermi.
Enrico Fermi came from a simple beginning with his mother, a teacher, and his father working for the railways in Rome.
Enrico was born on September 29, 1901. He attended a local school where his math and science skills were recognized In 1918
he received a scholarship to the university of Pisa. This is where his knowledge of recent physics helped him get a doctorate.
Then he took the position as a lecturer in mathematical physics at the university in Florence in Italy, but that's not all he was
big in the research of nuclear power. Enrico was the first person to split an atom on a football field. He also was one of the
people to work on the atomic bomb that killed thousands of people but helped the US win the war. Enrico won a noble prize in
1938 for the "discovery of radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for the ... Show more content on
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He changed the world just with his research. He split some atoms and made the first partial accelerator which you can see to
this day. He will always be a legend for mathematicians and scientist everywhere. Starting out in a small town in Rome and
coming to the top in the science and math field. I'm inspired by Mr. Fermi and hope to be like him one day and use my mind to
my full potential. What about you, what did you learn, How can you change the

The Physics Of Car Crashes
This is a research assignment on the Physics of Car Crashes. In this report the physics behind car crashes will be reported on in
depth to answer the question, "In a car crash, are you better to trust the science behind a more modern vehicle, or the metal in a
large, heavy, older car?" This report will explain the Physics behind why Modern vehicles are safer than older cars in a car
crash.
Impulse – Impulse is the change in momentum, Initial Momentum – Final Momentum or Force x Time. This means that
because momentum is Velocity x Mass, a heavier car traveling at the same Velocity as an older car will have a larger
momentum, therefore if both cars crashed into a wall at the same speed and both and end up with a speed of 0ms–1, the
Change in Momentum (Impulse) will be higher for the heavier car. Because Impulse is also equal to Force x Time, we can look
at the stopping Force of the and how we can lower it.
Example: A 1500kg car traveling at 100km/h (27.7ms–1) hits a wall and stops to 0ms–1 has an impulse of 41,550kgms–1. An
older 2000kg car traveling at the same speed also hits a wall and stops to 0ms–1 with an impulse of 55,400kgms–1.
What it means: This means the older heavier car will have a higher stopping force which immediately puts it at a disadvantage
to the modern, smaller car. However because Impulse is Force x Time and remains constant, we can decrease the Stopping
Force by increasing the collision Time.
Older heavier cars construction consists of heavier,

Summary Of The Movie 'Interstellar'
PHYS180: Space, Time and Matter Instructor: Professor Tracy Webb Assignment 1 – Special and General Relativity Churui
Jiang (260785561) October 3, 2017
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Topic 9 The movie Interstellar is unique among Hollywood films in that it actually tried to get the physics right. Provide an
overview and a critique (which can be positive or negative) of the Special and General relativistic effects that appear in this
film.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Understanding of Relativity in Movie Interstellar I watched the movie Interstellar when I was in Grade 10. At that time I knew
it was a wonderful film not only by the notable director Christopher Nolan but also by its impressive discussion of love and
science stories. But I did pay more attention only to the love scenes at that time (Cooper & his daughter, Brand & Edmunds)
because fully understanding the scientific theories about the universe in that movie is not an easy thing for a high school
student. However, after studying some principles of relativity in PHYS180 class, I realized maybe I can use the knowledge to
explain some confusing things which interested me when I watched the movie before. So my main goal in this assignment is to
talk about the scientific facts, especially relativity theories, appearing in the movie. I hope I've covered most of the points.

Alfred Stieglitz's Best Private Christian Schools
Alfred Stieglitz (Stieglitz) was born on January 1, 1864 in Hoboken, New Jersey to parents Edward Stieglitz and Hedwig Ann
Werner. Stieglitz went to school at Charlier Institute, which was known as the best private Christian school in New York in
1871. Stieglitz attended private school until his senior year in high school, when enrolled in a public school to qualify for
admission to City College of New York. His father sold his company in 1881 and moved the family to Europe to find better
schools for his children. Stieglitz enrolled at Technische Hochschule in Berlin to study mechanical engineering. The chemistry
class that he enrolled in was taught by Hermann Wilhelm Vogel, a scientist that worked on the chemical processes for
developing

Energy of a Tossed Ball
Energy of a Tossed Ball Project
PURPOSE:
The purpose for the students of the Energy of a Tossed Ball Lab involved learning how to measure the change in kinetic and
potential energies as a ball moves in free fall. Since there is no frictional forces working on the ball the total energy will remain
constant and the students will see how the total energy of the ball changes during free fall.
HYPOTHESIS:
1. The ball has potential energy while momentarily at rest at the top of the path. 2. The ball contains kinetic energy while in
motion near the bottom of its path. 3. Kinetic energy VS. Time
Kinetic energy VS. Time
Velocity VS. Time
Velocity VS. Time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ball loses potential energy on its way down.
6.
7. The kinetic graph was correct as my hypothesis. My potential graph did not start in the same position as my data graph.
9. The total energy is constant for most of the time until the ball is released and caught up and down in free fall, because extra
force of the person actions changes the energy. The energy should remain constant because the kinetic and potential ratio
energy

Physics Of The Impossible By Michio Kaku
The word "impossible" has been a controversial topic discussed for years by people who just explain why there is nothing more
we can do. In the book, Physics of the Impossible, Michio Kaku takes multiple ideas and concepts from recent books or movies
and he discusses how each of them could or could not exist in the future. Kaku is a theoretical physicist who attended Harvard
after winning a scholarship there (preface xi). His passion for science began young in life when he entered and won a science
fair, which was his inspiration (preface xi). Kaku appeals to science fanatics and technology enthusiasts by making connections
with his audience. He connects with our logos, or logical side, by telling us step–by–step how each of the discussed fictional
technology can become real. Next, he appeals to our ethos, or ethics side, by beginning each of his chapters with quotes from
well known scientists to get our attention. He also appeals to ethos by being credible and using actual scientists from modern
times, interviewing them to gain insight on how some of the processes work (16, 23). Lastly, he appeals to the pathos, or
emotional side, of his audience, beginning his book by establishing a personal connection between his childhood, and love of
watching Star Trek, making readers gain his trust since that is a familiar subject for most (1). ... Show more content on
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By defying laws of physics, Kaku convinces science fanatics and technology enthusiasts that due to the rapid growth of
science, what seems "impossible" today will not be in the near and distant future. Each of his chapters discuss a new device,
everything from force fields to extraterrestrial life, and how it is possible to have these new technologies in the future if science
continues to advance. He makes three distinct classes of impossibility based on how far into the future each technology is, each
one being more complex than the

True Dimensionality of Space-Time
Allan Poe states in his essay on cosmology titled Eureka, that "space and duration are one." To many, this is portrayed as the
first known instance of suggesting space and time to be joined together as one thing. Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of special
relativity is the very beginning of a theory related concept of spacetime, but the first mathematical theory of spacetime actually
created by one of his own early teachers named Hermann Minkowski. He created the concept of "Minkowski Space" which is
the earliest recommendation to the treatment of space and time as two separate entities of one unified whole. The idea of
Minkowski space has led up to special relativity being viewed more so in a geometrical way rather than a scientific and
mathematical way. Minkowski space is described as the mathematical formation for which special relativity can be
conveniently formulated. In this setting the three dimensions of space are combined with one dimension of time to create a
four–dimensional whole expressed together as spacetime.
It would be considered extremely important to consider the events that space and time can ultimately affect each other and how
space and time are used in cosmological research. However, before touching base with the concept of space time, it seems
appropriate to tie together the two basic types of dimensions and how they are ultimately applied to each other. Space–time is
closely linked with Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity, mathematician

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