1) When measuring door-to-door travel time for short trips under 5km in an urban area, bicycles can generally be faster than other modes of transportation due to congestion.
2) Cycling provides health benefits such as helping people meet daily activity goals, controlling weight, and reducing stress and disease risk. It is recommended that adults get at least 30 minutes of moderate activity per day.
3) Cycling can save money on transportation costs compared to driving. It costs less than $1 per day to maintain a bike versus over $7,500 annually for an average car.
8. References 1. Dekoster, J. Schollaert, U. 2000, Cycling: The Way Ahead for Towns and Cities, European Commission, Directorate-General for the Environment 2. World Health Organisation, 2000, Transport, Environment and Health, RegionalOffice for Europa, Copenhagen, Denmark, http://www.euro.who.int/document/e72015.pdf, accessed 7/02/08 3. Commonwealth Health National PA guidelines,1999; United States Surgeon General, 1996; Haskell et al, 2007 4. Shayler, M. Fergusson, M. & Rowell, A. (1993) Costing the Benefits: The Value of Cycling 5. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, Household Expenditure Survey 2003-04,6530.0, Australian Government, Table 1, http://abs.gov.au, accessed 24/02/2008 6. NRMA 2007 dollars, five-year whole-of-cost for average kilometres of new car in each class, including fuel, maintenance, insurance, licensing, registration, depreciation and opportunity costs. NRMA Motoring + Services, 2007, Private Whole of Life Vehicle Operating Costs Report, Available: http://www.mynrma.com.au/cps/rde/xbcr/mynrma/Private_Costs_Report_Summary.pdf?cpssessionid=SID-3F5768E2-7F294FFA Accessed 24.02.2008 7. Davies, R. 2007, Implementing the Main Roads Cycling Policy, Main Roads Technical Forum Paper, Brisbane, Department of Main Roads, p6. 8 Arundell, L., 2007, The Cost of Cycling presentation at the 2007 Thinking on 2Wheels conference, University of SA 9. Assumptions made in calculating table: " Commute is an 8 km trip, time by car = 27.5 minutes, time by bike = 26.4 minutes (ref 19 above). Assume 10 trips per week. " Gym commute: Assume additional 15 minutes commuting time. " Gym session: Assume four 60 minute sessions (4 hours of exercise per week) plus 20 minutes change and shower time. The bike exercise time is 4.4 hours. " Car costs based on NRMA 2007 data (ref 3 above). Note they exclude parking costs and petrol prices in June 2008 are much higher. " Bike costs based on data in ref 20 above. Calculations assume journey to work cycling is 2/3 of all cycling trips. 10. Australian Greenhouse Office / CSIRO, National Kilowatt Count of Household Energy Use, 2002 11 . Source: Australian Greenhouse Office, 2006 12. Research conducted by the British Medical Association found that the health risks of inactivity are 20 times greater than the health risks posed bya potential cycling accident (British Medical Association, 1992)