This document provides information about three international organizations: the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Customs Organization (WCO), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It discusses the purpose and functions of each organization, including regulating international trade for WTO, improving customs administrations worldwide for WCO, and leading efforts to defeat hunger and ensure food security for FAO. Membership, objectives, and statistics are also presented for each organization.
Global Trade and Food Security Through WTO, WCO and FAO
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Facilitation of Global Trade
and
Food Security
World Trade Organization
World Customs Organization
Food And Agricultural Organization
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental
organization which regulates international trade. The WTO
officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh
Agreement, signed by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, replacing
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which
commenced in 1948. The WTO deals with regulation of trade
between participating countries by providing a framework for
negotiating trade agreements
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PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONS OF WTO
•To help International Trade flows as freely and smoothly
as possible.
•To achieve further liberalization through continuous
negotiation.
•To set up impartial means of setting disputes.
•To implement rules and provisions related to trade policy review mechanism.
•To provide facilities for implementation, administration and operation of
multilateral and bilateral agreements of the world trade.
•To administer the rules and processes related to dispute settlement.
•To ensure the optimum use of world resources.
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World Customs Organization (WCO), intergovernmental organization
established as the Customs Co-operation Council (CCC) in 1952 to improve
the efficiency and effectiveness of customs administrations worldwide. In
1948 a study group of the Committee for European Economic Cooperation, a
precursor of the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC),
created a customs committee to study the possibility of creating one or more
inter-European customs unions. This committee, formally established as the
CCC in 1952, enjoyed decades of growth, including the addition of new
members outside Europe. In recognition of its global membership, the CCC
was renamed the World Customs Organization in 1994. Headquarters are
in Brussels.
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Vision and Objectives of WCO
•Promote the security and facilitation of international trade, including
simplification and harmonization of Customs procedures
•Protect society, public health and safety, and contribute to combating crime
and terrorism
•Raise the performance and profile of Customs
• Conduct Research and Analysis
The WCO is internationally acknowledged as the global centre of customs
expertise and plays a leading role in the discussion, development, promotion
and implementation of modern customs systems and procedures. It is
responsive to the needs of its members and its strategic environment, and its
instruments and best-practice approaches are recognized as the basis for
sound customs administration throughout the world.
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• The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is
an agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat
hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as
a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate
agreements and debate policy.
• FAO is also a source of knowledge and information, and helps
developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve
agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring
good nutrition and food security for all. Its Latin motto, fiat panis,
translates as "let there be bread". As of 8 August 2013, FAO has 194
member states, along with the European Union (a "member
organization"), and the Faroe Islands and Tokelau, which are associate
members
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Objectives and Statistics of FAO
• Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition
• Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable
• Reduce rural poverty
• Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems
• Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises
FAO develops methods and standards for food and agriculture statistics,
provides technical assistance services and disseminates data for global
monitoring. Statistical activities at FAO include the development and
implementation of methodologies and standards for data collection, validation,
processing and analysis. FAO also plays a vital part in the global compilation,
processing and dissemination of food and agriculture statistics, and provides
essential statistical capacity development to member countries.