Its Formation, Objectives, Functions, Advantages, Pictures

1. TOPICS DISCUSSED
UNCITRAL
OECD
WIPO
ICANN
APEC
HAGUE
WTO
BY
S. EVANGELENE KEZIAH

2. UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)
Founded: 1966
Headquarters: Vienna; Austria
OBJECTIVES:
 To promote the progressive harmonization among the international trade law
 Responsible for helping to facilitate international trade and investment.
 UNCITRAL is formulating modern, fair, and harmonized rules on commercial transactions.
 These include conventions, model laws and rules which are acceptable worldwide, legal and legislative guides and recommendations.
 Updated information on case law and enactments of uniform commercial law are followed by this committee.
 It legislates the three principles of non-discrimination, technological neutrality, and functional equivalence.
 UNCITRAL supports the Sustainable Development Goals.
 It works to increase coordination and cooperation on legal activities of international and regional organizations active in the field of
international trade law.

3. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
PURPOSE OF OECD
 The OECD helps countries, both OECD members and non-members to reap the benefits and confront the challenges of a global
economy by promoting economic growth, free markets, and efficient use of resources.
 Founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It has 38 member countries.
OBJECTIVES:
 Its headquarters is at the Château de la Muette in Paris, France.
 The main objective of the Cooperation include fostering economic development and cooperation and fighting poverty through
the promotion of economic stability.
 It ensures the environmental impact of growth and social development is always considered.
 To promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.
 To provide a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems.
 It has raised the standards of living in multiple countries. It has also contributed to the expansion of world trade.

4. OECD Functions and Responsibilities
1) The OECD plays an integral role in promoting economic stability on a global scale.
2) The OECD publishes and updates a model tax convention that serves as a template for
allocating taxation rights between countries.
3) It is responsible for publishing economic reports, statistical databases, analyses, and
forecasts on the outlook for economic growth worldwide.
4) The group analyzes the impact of social issues on economic growth and makes
recommendations.
5) The organization endeavours to eliminate bribery and other forms of financial crimes
worldwide.
6) It also maintains a “blacklist” of nations that are considered uncooperative

5. WIPO
The World Intellectual Property Organisation or WIPO is a
global body for the promotion and protection of Intellectual
Property Rights (IPR). WIPO is a UN specialized agency created
in 1967 encourage creative activity all over the world. WIPO is
basically a global forum for IP policy, services, information and
cooperation.
o It acts as a global forum for IP Services.
o With 192 members, WIPO’s motto is to encourage creative
activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property
throughout the world.
o It is at present headed by Francis Gurry, who is its Director-
General.
o WIPO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
INDIA - MEMBER OF WIPO:
 India is a member of the World Intellectual
Property Organisation (WIPO).
 India joined the WIPO organization in
1975.
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:
The four types of intellectual property include:
 Trade Secrets
 Trademarks
 Copyrights
 Patents

6. Functions of WIPO
The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) was established with the intent to perform the
following functions:
 To implement administrative functions discussed by the Berne and Paris Unions.
 To render legal and technical assistance in the field of IP.
 Signing international agreements related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection.
 To conduct research and publish its results as well as to collect and circulate information.
 To ensure the work of services that facilitate the International Intellectual Property Protection.
 To implement other appropriate and necessary actions.
 To assist the development of campaigns that improve IP Protection all over the globe keep the national
legislations in harmony.

7. ICANN
ICANN's vision: One world. One Internet.
ICANN's mission:
• coordinate, at the overall level, the global Internet's systems of unique identifiers.
• ensure the stable and secure operation.
OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS
 ICANN is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
 Its responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and
numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the network's stable and secure operation
 It is a non-profit organization headquartered in Southern California
 Formed in 18th September 1998.
 Primary principles of operation have been described as helping to preserve the operational stability of
the Internet
 To promote competition; to achieve broad representation of the global Internet community.

8. APEC
 APEC- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
 It was established in 1989 as a regional economic forum to promote sustainable growth and better economic
relations among the member countries or economies.
 The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation has 21 member countries
ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION – OBJECTIVES
 The broad objectives are to provide a forum for discussion on a wide range of economic issues
 to promote multilateral cooperation among the market-oriented economies of the region.
 Specifically, APEC aims to promote economic and technical cooperation among the members by stimulating
flow of goods, services, capital and technology;
 to develop a liberalized trade and investment regime, to encourage private investment, and to support ‘open
regionalism’.

9. HAGUE CONVENTION
Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral treaty developed by the Hague
Conference on Private International Law (HCCH), provides an expeditious method to return a child internationally abducted
by a parent from one member country to another.
OBJECTIVES
 It provides for methods to return a child when he/she has been wrongfully taken to another country by a
parent (international abduction), removing the child from his/her place of habitual residence
 The convention was signed in 1980 and entered into force in 1983.
 India has not signed the Hague Abduction Convention.
 The convention applies only to children below the age of sixteen
 Deals with international child custody cases.
 A total of ninety four countries, mostly developed nations are signatories to the Hague Convention
WAY FORWARD
 Safeguards need to be in place before signing the treaty.
 It has to be a political decision that the government needs to take.

10. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
 The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade
between nations.
 Its main functions are to maintain smooth trade globally and resolve issues or disputes that can affect world trade.
OBJECTIVES OF WTO
 To set and execute rules for international trade and to solve trade conflicts
 To present a panel for negotiating and controlling additional trade liberalization
 To improve the clarity of decision-making methods
 To raise the standard of living in member countries.
 Development of a multilateral trading system.
 To reduce Tariff and Non-Tariff barrier.
 To eliminate discriminatory treatment in international trade relationships.
 To make coordination between trade policies, environmental policies and sustainable development

11. ADVANTAGES OF WTO
 The member countries get a provision of a legal framework
 To process negotiations and disputes among them, that solve trade conflicts
 Better stability in trade can be achieved
 The WTO is also an administrative organization that allows trade under certain conditions for global ease.