Production d'Artemisia annua en Afrique: exemple de Madagascar - Conférence de la 4e édition du Cours international « Atelier Paludisme » - Charles GIBLAIN - BIONEX Madagascar - cgiblain@yahoo.fr
Fertilizer microdosing technology in sorghum, millet and maize production at ...IJASRD Journal
World population is alarmingly increasing, to feed the growing population, farmers must increase food production. Mineral fertilizer application takes the lion-share on crop productivity. However, due to the high cost of fertilizer, majority of African farmers add smaller than the recommended rate. Therefore, the farmers must adopt a technology that is environmentally friendly and minimizes dose of fertilizer keeping productivity higher than conventional fertilization. Microdosing (small and affordable quantities) fertilizer application produces higher grain yield as compared to control and banding application. Application of 0.3g NPK to 6g of NPK per pocket could increase yield of millet in range of 31.3% to 90.3 %. Similarly, application of 0.3 g NPK to 4 g NPK per pocket could increase yield of sorghum 40.9 % to 83 %. Microdosing fertilizer application is feasible and profitable than conventional fertilizer application. However, fertilizers in Africa are found in 50 kg package, which are not affordable by the poor resource farmers. The availability of fertilizer in affordable package is very crucial in expanding the technology. Moreover, the farmers must have the opportunity to inventory credit like warrantage system so that they borrow money to use it for input cost and store the crops after harvest when the price of the crops are low and resell them when the prices are higher. The use of the microdosing method brings entire changes to the existing fertilizer application methods; hence, there is a need for a strong linkage among researchers, farmers, and policy makers.
Fertilizer microdosing technology in sorghum, millet and maize production at ...IJASRD Journal
World population is alarmingly increasing, to feed the growing population, farmers must increase food production. Mineral fertilizer application takes the lion-share on crop productivity. However, due to the high cost of fertilizer, majority of African farmers add smaller than the recommended rate. Therefore, the farmers must adopt a technology that is environmentally friendly and minimizes dose of fertilizer keeping productivity higher than conventional fertilization. Microdosing (small and affordable quantities) fertilizer application produces higher grain yield as compared to control and banding application. Application of 0.3g NPK to 6g of NPK per pocket could increase yield of millet in range of 31.3% to 90.3 %. Similarly, application of 0.3 g NPK to 4 g NPK per pocket could increase yield of sorghum 40.9 % to 83 %. Microdosing fertilizer application is feasible and profitable than conventional fertilizer application. However, fertilizers in Africa are found in 50 kg package, which are not affordable by the poor resource farmers. The availability of fertilizer in affordable package is very crucial in expanding the technology. Moreover, the farmers must have the opportunity to inventory credit like warrantage system so that they borrow money to use it for input cost and store the crops after harvest when the price of the crops are low and resell them when the prices are higher. The use of the microdosing method brings entire changes to the existing fertilizer application methods; hence, there is a need for a strong linkage among researchers, farmers, and policy makers.
Artemisinin(qinghaosu), is a drug used for treatment of malaria. It is extracted from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua.
It has three major derivatives— Artemether, Artesunate and Dihydroartemisinin
It is still difficult to believe such competent and successful female printer exist in the early 17th Century (the Baroque era). In the last month I have read a lot about her until such that I feel I know the person and I can say something about her.
She was rape by her teacher at the age of 18. Because of that much had been written about her from the feminist point of view, which I think is a mistake. It really does her a dis-service and took away her artistic achievements. We should stick to facts and evidences rather than the speculations of how the her mental state. It is stupid to psychoanalyse someone who live centuries ago without basis.
There are several points that stood out about Artemisia
She was very successful, her patronage include the royalties of England, France and the Medici. She worked in many cities. She would be successful even by today’s standard.
Her paintings lack the ‘female’ touch. It is indeed difficult to tell from looking at the painting alone that they were painted by a woman.
Her attention to details and gestures shows that she was a thinking artist. This can be demonstrated by the two versions of Judith Slaying Hologernes.
She likes strong colours particularly golden yellow and beautiful dresses.
Her family relationship with her father and children were good.
She liked the company of men and had many lovers.
I think, her paintings were the equivalent of a fast action movie of today, full of movements and a bit of sex and violence on the side.
Quotes from Leaders in the Civic Engagement Movement Talloires Network
The Talloires Network presents the Leaders in the Civic Engagement Movement series, a collection of interviews with influential leaders around the world focusing on the intersection between universities and the communities that surround them. This presentation introduces some of the featured civic engagement pioneers, with short quotes from their respective interviews.
Simple, affordable Recovery-as-a-Service will change the way your business thinks about disaster recovery. Cloud-based disaster recovery allows you to prioritize your applications and protect each based on its level of importance to your business and within your required timeframe. This modernized approach to disaster recovery enables businesses to save time and money with a dynamic, self-service solution. Learn about the technology powering Bluelock's Recovery-as-a-Service solution and how RaaS can protect and recover your applications quickly and effectively.
LEARN HOW TO:
- Prioritize your applications for protection
- Install a replication agent
- Seed and migrate your data to the cloud
- Failover your remote site and failback after a disaster
- Test and declare
- Budget for cloud-based DR
http://www.bluelock.com/cloud-services/raas/
Active shooters and risks have been a factor in today's society countless number of times and we would and should teach our staff to react or do things that would save them. But in Health and Safety that seeing factor goes to seeing the HAZARD long before its a hazard.
Here is great coffee table or tool box reminder that lump in your clothes is not a large tuna fish sandwich
Artemisinin(qinghaosu), is a drug used for treatment of malaria. It is extracted from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua.
It has three major derivatives— Artemether, Artesunate and Dihydroartemisinin
It is still difficult to believe such competent and successful female printer exist in the early 17th Century (the Baroque era). In the last month I have read a lot about her until such that I feel I know the person and I can say something about her.
She was rape by her teacher at the age of 18. Because of that much had been written about her from the feminist point of view, which I think is a mistake. It really does her a dis-service and took away her artistic achievements. We should stick to facts and evidences rather than the speculations of how the her mental state. It is stupid to psychoanalyse someone who live centuries ago without basis.
There are several points that stood out about Artemisia
She was very successful, her patronage include the royalties of England, France and the Medici. She worked in many cities. She would be successful even by today’s standard.
Her paintings lack the ‘female’ touch. It is indeed difficult to tell from looking at the painting alone that they were painted by a woman.
Her attention to details and gestures shows that she was a thinking artist. This can be demonstrated by the two versions of Judith Slaying Hologernes.
She likes strong colours particularly golden yellow and beautiful dresses.
Her family relationship with her father and children were good.
She liked the company of men and had many lovers.
I think, her paintings were the equivalent of a fast action movie of today, full of movements and a bit of sex and violence on the side.
Quotes from Leaders in the Civic Engagement Movement Talloires Network
The Talloires Network presents the Leaders in the Civic Engagement Movement series, a collection of interviews with influential leaders around the world focusing on the intersection between universities and the communities that surround them. This presentation introduces some of the featured civic engagement pioneers, with short quotes from their respective interviews.
Simple, affordable Recovery-as-a-Service will change the way your business thinks about disaster recovery. Cloud-based disaster recovery allows you to prioritize your applications and protect each based on its level of importance to your business and within your required timeframe. This modernized approach to disaster recovery enables businesses to save time and money with a dynamic, self-service solution. Learn about the technology powering Bluelock's Recovery-as-a-Service solution and how RaaS can protect and recover your applications quickly and effectively.
LEARN HOW TO:
- Prioritize your applications for protection
- Install a replication agent
- Seed and migrate your data to the cloud
- Failover your remote site and failback after a disaster
- Test and declare
- Budget for cloud-based DR
http://www.bluelock.com/cloud-services/raas/
Active shooters and risks have been a factor in today's society countless number of times and we would and should teach our staff to react or do things that would save them. But in Health and Safety that seeing factor goes to seeing the HAZARD long before its a hazard.
Here is great coffee table or tool box reminder that lump in your clothes is not a large tuna fish sandwich
Seventh bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III...Tropical Legumes III
This bulletin focusses on the progress made under objective four: enhancing common bean productivity and production in focus geographies of sub-Saharan Africa, during year one of
phase III implementation.
The Brussels Briefing on the subject of “Emerging donors and rising powers in agriculture in ACP countries” took place on Tuesday 27 October 2015 from 9:00h to 13:00h at the ACP Secretariat (451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels, Room C ).
The Briefing discussed the key challenges and new opportunities to enhance South-South and Triangular cooperation. The Briefing : i) reviewed successes and the lessons learned from research and practice; ii) promoted the exchange of information on best practices and drivers of success; iii) fed into the debate various perspectives on policy options. It reviewed the key challenges and opportunities in South-South cooperation in agriculture and the lessons learned from research and practice. It looked at examples of successes in South-South and triangular partnerships across the ACP.
First edition of the Cassava Weed Management Project newsletter also known as the Sustainable Weed Management Technologies for Cassava Systems in Nigeria.
Back in the 13th century, maybe even earlier, it has been recorded that when people travelled in Europe they were often given dried seaweed on arrival at their destination to nourish them after their tiring efforts.
Barking up the wrong tree? Conservation, CITES and controls on commercial tra...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Tony Cunningam and Terry Sunderland during the ATBC Annual meeting focuses on the Prunus africana, its distribution and variation, the local and commercial utilization, the commercial trade, CITES and Prunus africana, what CITES does, whether wild harvesting can be sustainable and the global perspective on bark harvest.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 59 on “Agroecology for Sustainable Food Systems” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and IPES-FOOD was held on Wednesday 15 January 2020 (9h00-13h00) at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels.
The briefing brought various perspectives and experiences on agroecological systems to support agricultural transformation. Experts presented trends and prospects for agroecological approaches and what it implies for the future of the food systems. Successes and innovative models in agroecology in different parts of the world and the lessons learned for upscaling them were also discussed.
Similar to Production d'Artemisia annua en Afrique: exemple de Madagascar (20)
Guide pour le suivi et l'évaluation des programmes - Séances Pratiques de la 5e édition du Cours international « Atelier Paludisme » - Luciano TUSEO - World Health Organization / Roll Back Malaria - Office for Madagascar and Reunion - Antananarivo, Madagascar - maloms@iris.mg
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
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3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
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1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. BIONEXX Project - Introduction
The Bionexx project was initiated early 2005 building up
on CIPLA’s interest in identifying alternative sources of Artemisinin,
the base compound of second generation anti malarial drugs.The
hypothesis was that Madagascar offered certain interesting
conditions favorable to the cultivation of Artemisia Annua. This
added source of Artemisinin could contribute to reducing the
worldwide supply gap and therefore helping to cure the millions of
africans that are in need of an effective and affordable medication
for Malaria.
It is in fact CIPLA and more specifically Dr. Hamied that was back
in 2000 at the origin of putting a cheap (1$ per day) and effective
treatment for AIDS on the market serving the needs of Third World
Patients.
3. The Context of the Project
• What’s at stake : Malaria is one of the deadliest diseases in the
world and more specifically in Africa. Women and young children are
especially at risk.« Malaria can be compared to seven fully loaded
Boeing 747 that would deliberately crash in Mount Kilimandjaro on a
daily basis » Dr. Wenceslaus Kilama, Chairman, Malaria
Foundation International
• The parasite has developed resistance to traditional mono therapies
relying on chloroquine.
• The utilisation of Artemisinin and its derivatives in ACT’s has proven
its effectiveness.
4. The Market
• The April 2004 WHO recommendation promoting ACTs for Africa
has provoked an unplanned disruption in the worldwide Artemisinin
market. In the short term 2004-2006 demand will far outpace supply
as growers progressively cultivate much larger acreage of Artemisia
Annua.
• The traditionnal growing areas of Artemisia Annua are China and
Vietnam.
• In this context of high demand for Artemisinin and subsequent
inflation of price levels, certain other countries have also started to
grow and extract Artemisia Annua.
• WHO estimates that for 2006 the demand on a worldwide basis will
reach around 160 Million ACT treatments which equates to roughly
200 Metric Tons of Artemisinin. In 2003, the production of ACTs
barely reached 3 Million treatments. In the mid term worldwide
demand is expected to reach a few hundred million treatments.
5. African Experiences with
Artemisia Annua
• Even though Madagascar was a pioneer in the introduction
of Artemisia Annua 15 years ago (Mr. Juslain
Raharinaivo/Mediplant) other countries have overtaken
Madagascar and developped widescale cultivation of
Artemisia Annua (Kenya, Tanzanie, Uganda).
• In the context of his research, Mr. Juslain Raharinaivo has
demonstrated that Artemisia Annua can be cultivated in
Madagascar and displaying above average artemisinin
content levels.
6. BIONEXX Project
• The Bionexx projects aims to put on the market Artemisinin targetting
major pharmaceuticals which are themselves involved in the
manufacturing of ACTs (Cipla,Sanofi-Aventis,Novartis,Dafra,
Mepha,Abbott,Ipsen,…)
• Two components to the project:
– Cultivation of Artemisia Annua
– Extraction and purification of the active component Artemisinin
• In a second steps Bionexx ambitions to target other Malagasy medicinal
plants.
7. Projet BIONEXX - Cultivation
• The cultivation of Artemisia Annua has begun in March 2005 integrating the
knowhow of Juslain Raharinaivo. The first location chosen was the Lac
Alaotra region because of its history of documented performance.
• 104 hectares were put in production with a modest objective of 100 tons of
AA dry matter. The learnings of this first campaign should allow Bionexx to
scale up significantly for the next season and provide enough dry matter to
conduct the development of the extraction protocols.
• The second campaign is under cultivation (beginning of nurseries in
November 05). The objective is around 1250 acres of Artemisia Annua. Mid
term, acreage should increase to 2500 acres with an even split between
Bionexx led industrial cultivation and outgrowers.
• During the initial campaign Bionexx also conducted cultivation tests in other
sites (Port Bergé and Antsirabé)
17. 2006 Rainy Season Campaign 450 400 50 800 100
! !
2007 Rainy Season Campaign 500 400 100 800 200
! " "
2008 Rainy Season Campaign 800 500 300 1 000 600
! "
2009 Rainy Season Campaign 900 500 400 1 000 800
! "
2010 Rainy Season Campaign 900 500 400 1 000 800
! "
2011 Rainy Season Campaign 500 400 1 000 800
! "
2012 Rainy Season Campaign 500 400 1 000 800
! "
!!
Hectares AA Dry Matter (MT)
• After a trial campaign of 100 hectares (250 acres) in the Lac Alaotra region, it is planned to roll out to the
following sites :
• Moramanga 150 Ha
• Antsirabe 140 Ha (2 sites : Cfama and Fifamanor)
• Antsirabe : First outgrower campaign of 50 Ha
• Lac Alaotra ( Beramanja and Marololo) 150 Hectares and 20 hectares of outgrowers
• Fianarantsoa : Trial of 7 hectares (potential of 300+ hectares)
• Port Bergé : Trial of 5 hectares
Cultivated Areas and AA Dry Leaf Production
Major Sites
18. Selected Sites for Cultivation of Artemisia Annua
Port Bergé (trials)
Beramanja
Lac Alaotra
Moramanga
Antsirabe
Fianarantsoa (trials)
31. BIONEXX Outgrower Program
• Bionexx ambitions to progressively scale up the Outgrower program. For the second
campaign which started in November 2005, Bionexx has put limited human and financial
ressources to launch this program and has decided to focus on the Antsirabe/Vakinankaratra
region.
• The rationale behind the controlled roll out of the outgrower program is to limit the risks
taken by small growers in a period where Bionexx is itself building up its know how in the
cultivation of Artemisia Annua.
• Initial response to Bionexx’s communication campaign on the cultivation of this plant has
been quite strong. 100 hectares commitments only focusing on Antsirabe region.
• In order to achieve the mid term 50/50 split between Industrial cultivation and Outgrowers,
Bionexx’s needs to leverage on the know how developped by Technoserve in Tanzania and
on relatively significant financial ressources.
32. Antsirabe : First outgrower
Manandona Region (South of Antsirabe)
Early December 2005
33. Bionexx Banner Displayed at
Iavoloha « Vitrine de Madagascar »
Promoting Artemisia Annua Cultivation
With a special Focus on Outgrowers
35. Competitiveness Artemisia Annua
Cultivation in Madagascar
The competitiveness of the Artemisia Annua chain is based on :
• Availability of a cheap and qualified workforce
• Available land acreage (Malagasy Government land concessions)
• Climatic conditions which are favorable (latitude,temperature, altitude..)
• Madagascar currently benefits from substantial lender support
BIONEXX was able to take the leadership in Artemisia Annua as a result of :
• A ten year track record in cultivation of Artemisia Annua in Madagascar
• Ownership of a local strain of Artemisia Annua which is a non hybrid
allowing for a quick ramp up of cultivated areas.
37. BIONEXX Project - Extraction
Partnership with INDENA
• Discussions with Indena started in April 2005 and have intensified since. Indena and
Bionexx are motivated by the prospect of entering into a « win win » partnership.
• Indena and Bionexx have signed an MOU (February 8th 2006) to launch a feasibility
study focusing on extraction and purification protocols in view of extracting Bionexx’s
Artemisia Annua dry matter in the Fianaranstsoa based plant. The target date for
completion is June 2006.
• In parallel Bionexx is currently working with the Fianaranstaoa Region to try to secure
around 300 hectares of land in a 50 km radius of the Indena plant. Initial trials of a few
hectares have already started.
39. BIONEXX Project
Top Priorities
• Accessing available markets and securing top 3/4 Artemisinin
users (focused on WHO approved ACT suppliers)
• Monitoring Content of Artemisia Annua Dry Matter
• Rolling out Outgrower Program (tomorrow’s competitiveness)
• Securing Cultivation sites for Industrial scale production
• Improving Artemisia Annua strain over the Mid term (SPS,
Hybrid..)
41. Bionexx Project Ambitions
The objective is to position Bionexx as a regional leader in the
supply of Artemisinin along side EAB in Tanzania. The
production of Artemisinin is targeted to largely cover the needs of
the local Malagasy market.
It could also be envisaged in the mid term to team up with a local
pharmaceutical company to provide a fully integrated solution to
cure malaria starting from the Artemisia Annua seed to the final
ACT based medication.
Bionexx will also contribute to the social development of the
regions in which it operates. Beyound employement creation,
Bionexx will also put in place innovative renewable energy
electrification systems.
