This document summarizes research on the adoption of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC), a form of conservation agriculture, by smallholder farmers in southern Sayaboury province, Lao PDR. The research found that DMC led to increased maize yields, lower production costs, higher incomes, and improved labor productivity compared to conventional tillage. Adoption of DMC increased from 6% of households in 2005 to 24% in 2008. Adoption was higher in villages with more severe soil degradation and among farmers experiencing lower yields. While some farmers experimented due to environmental issues, others expanded use of DMC due to its economic benefits. Barriers to further adoption included access to credit, mechan
Presentation of Gerd Spavorek for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Gerd Spavorek realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
Presentation of Gerd Spavorek for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Gerd Spavorek realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
Integrated agricultural system, migration, and social protection strategies t...ILRI
Presented by Bradford Mills (Virginia Tech), Genti Kostandini (University of Georgia), Anthony Murray (Economic Research Service, USDA), Jiangfeng Gao (Virginia Tech), Joseph Rusike (AGRA), Steven Omamo, Zhe Guo and Jawoo Koo (IFPRI) at the Livestock Systems and Environment (LSE) Seminar, ILRI, Nairobi, 28 January 2015
"Agricultural Mechanization in Bangladesh: Role of Policies and Emerging Private Sector" presented by M.A. Sattar Mandal at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
Rice straw mulching and nitrogen requirement to improve productivity of no-ti...Joanna Hicks
A presentation from the WCCA 2011 event held in Brisbane, Australia.
More Related Content
Similar to Extension and determinants for adoption of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems in smallholder agriculture, LAO PDR. Frédéric Jullien
Integrated agricultural system, migration, and social protection strategies t...ILRI
Presented by Bradford Mills (Virginia Tech), Genti Kostandini (University of Georgia), Anthony Murray (Economic Research Service, USDA), Jiangfeng Gao (Virginia Tech), Joseph Rusike (AGRA), Steven Omamo, Zhe Guo and Jawoo Koo (IFPRI) at the Livestock Systems and Environment (LSE) Seminar, ILRI, Nairobi, 28 January 2015
"Agricultural Mechanization in Bangladesh: Role of Policies and Emerging Private Sector" presented by M.A. Sattar Mandal at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
This was presented at the Basin Focal Project Review meeting held in Cali, Colombia from 1-5 Feb, 2008
Similar to Extension and determinants for adoption of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems in smallholder agriculture, LAO PDR. Frédéric Jullien (17)
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Extension and determinants for adoption of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems in smallholder agriculture, LAO PDR. Frédéric Jullien
1. Extension and determinants for adoption of direct seeding mulch-based
cropping systems in smallholder agriculture, LAO PDR
Frédéric Jullien1, Guillaume Lestrelin2, Hoa Tran Quoc3, Bounmy
Rattanatray4, Chantasone Khamxaykhay5 and Florent Tivet3
PCADR
PASS
2. Context
• Southern Sayaboury province went to
semi-intensify maize monocroping;
• Ploughing on very steep soil induce
erosion and soil fertility reduction;
• Yields fastly reduce;
• Production cost increase;
3. Context
Land preparation, based on burning residues and ploughing on steep
slopes, has allowed for cultivation of large upland areas every year.
Cash crops cultivated surfaces evolution in southern
Evolution of cash crops cultivated areas in southern Xayaburi
Xayaburi)
(Kenthao, Paklay and Botene districts)
25000
20000
15000
(ha)
10000
5000
0
95
96
97
98
Area (ha)
19
99
19
00
19
01
19
02
19
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
20
20
(source:Xayaburi PAFO)
20
7. General objective for CA
development
Stop soil fertility and yields decrease in
order to maintain a sustainable maize
industry (production and export)
9. Dissemination approach
Research side:
• Long term implementation to adapt cropping systems to local conditions
and to generate a large range of technologies,
• Characterization for biological and physicochemical processes
• Training site : field practices intended for extension agents & field days
intended for local and national stakeholders;
Development side:
• Enabling a favorable environment to upscaling CA diffusion: Farmers
group organisation, involving traders in credit issue, mecanisation, etc.
14. F M A M J J A S O N D J F
Conventional tillage
15. “Maize Monoculture”
No-Tillage
Dry season Rainy season (6 months)
Maize direct seeded on
maize residues Maize cycle duration
4 months
Maize residues
(DM 5 t.ha-1)
16. “Maize – Vigna umbellata (rice-bean)” rotation
No-Tillage
Rainy season Dry season Rainy season
maize direct seeded on
rice-bean residues
Rice-bean
Rice-bean residues
(DM < 5 t.ha-1)
Rice-bean direct seeded on Maize residues
maize residues
(DM 5 t.ha-1)
17. Monitoring of CA adoption
• Annual monitoring on more than 2000 families from 2005 to 2008 for basic
farm characteristics;
• On farm monitoring data;
• Details questionnaires on more than 400 families in 2006 and 2008;
18. Agro – economics results
Agro-economic productivity of DMC maize monocropping and tillage-based maize monocropping systems (2007)
Note: A Mann-Whitney test highlights significantly lower production costs for DMC systems (at the 0.01 level)
DMC Tillage
Boten district Maize yield (kg/ha) 5 237 4 729
7 villages Production costs (USD/ha) 115 101
29 plots w/ DMC Net incomes (USD/ha) 633 575
17 plots w/ tillage Labour input (man/day/ha) 37 39
Labour productivity (USD/day) 19 16
Kenthao district Maize yield (kg/ha) 4 697 4 191
11 villages Production costs (USD/ha) 123 152
46 plots w/ DMC Net incomes (USD/ha) 548 447
46 plots w/ tillage Labour input (man/day/ha) 41 42
Labour productivity (USD/day) 15 11
Paklay district Maize yield (kg/ha) 6 242 6 392
10 villages Production costs (USD/ha) 122 188
46 plots w/ DMC Net incomes (USD/ha) 769 725
47 plots w/ tillage Labour input (man/day/ha) 45 50
Labour productivity (USD/day) 19 16
DMC presents clear benefits in terms of reduced production costs (-18%
in average), increased net incomes (+12% in average) and enhanced
labour productivity (+23% in average)
19. Adoption results
Adoption of DMC systems (% of households, 2005-2008)
2005 2006 2007 2008
Boten 8% 33% 35% 46%
Kenthao 13% 26% 22% 28%
Paklay 0% 4% 6% 8%
Thongmixay 0% 14% 16% 22%
Total 6% 19% 18% 24%
20. Relative distribution of the main
cropping systems (2008)
Significant inter-village variations
Highest levels of adoption in:
• Nongphakbong, Thanang (Boten D)
• Houaylod, Houayped (Kenthao D)
• Dane (Thongmixay D)
Lowest levels in:
• Paklay district
• Paktom-Houaybouha axis (Kenthao D)
The expansion of DMC occurs through
different processes
21. Determinants for adoption
Social determinants
Correlation coefficient matrix (Pearson): household capital assets, age and education
level of the household head and relative extent of DMC in household rainfed land
(2006, n=456).
Note: Underlined values represent significant correlations (at the 0.01 level). Household capital
assets were derived from household property in transportation and agricultural equipments.
% DMC Capital assets Age Education
% DMC 1 -0,078 0,004 -0,088
Capital assets -0,078 1 0,047 0,090
Age 0,004 0,047 1 -0,373
Education -0,088 0,090 -0,373 1
22. Determinants for adoption
Land tenure and labour
Correlation coefficient matrix (Pearson): household labour, rainfed land tenure and relative
extent of DMC in rainfed land (2008, n=2032).
Note: Underlined values represent significant correlations (at the 0.01 level)
% DMC Land tenure Labour
% DMC 1 0,072 0,031
Land tenure 0,072 1 0,182
Labour 0,031 0,182 1
27. Constraints for adoption
Agronomist point of view…
• Access to credit
• Mechanisation and service provision
• Residue management (Livestock and
burning)
• Markets for associated/secondary crops
• Low biomass production systems did not
involves fertility improvement or good weed
control
28. Conclusions
CA can become, within a few years of research and extension, a viable and accepted
alternative to well-established tillage practices – and this, even in a context of small-
scale farming
Farmers confronted with important agroecological constraints and experiencing
significant land degradation issues are more inclined to trial and adopt CA.
Thus, environmental sensitization appears as a key aspect of dissemination
The engagement of farmers with CA is not contingent upon farm-level variables
like capital, labour, age and education.
Finally, the question of the integration of CA with the broader agricultural industry
appears also essential.
29. THANK YOU
Reference:
Lestrelin G, Tran Quoc H, Jullien F, Rattanatray B, Khamxaykhay C, Tivet F. (Forthcoming).
“Conservation agriculture in Laos: Diffusion and determinants for adoption of direct seeding mulch-
based cropping systems in smallholder agriculture”. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems.