(Men’s/boys trousers and shorts, of cotton, not knitted) with HS code: 620342

1. National Textile University
Department Of Textile Management Sciences
Technology:
BS-TMM (6th)
Group No. : 2
Submitted by:
Muneeb KIyani 14-NTU-1241
Ahsan Javeed 14-NTU-1227
Hassan Raza 14-ntu-1236
Arfa yaqoob 14-NTU-1229
Submitted to:
Prof. Ahmad-ur-Rehman

2. Question#01
Product Name: (Men’s/boys trousers and shorts, of cotton, not
knitted)
Unit: US Dollar Thousand (for all table values)
Question#02
HS code: 620342
Question#3
Importers
Exported
value in
2012
total
imports
share of
pakistan
Exported
value in
2013
total
imports
share of
pakistan
Exported
value in
2014
total
imports
shares
of
pakistan
Exported
value in
2015
total
imports
share of
pakistan
World 611315 23729763 2.58 653120 25100689 2.60 664530 25731392 2.58 762156 24334655 3.13
United
States of
America 148796 5760797 2.58 166387 5949215 2.80 125106 5762258 2.17 143222 5784040 2.48
Spain 72297 932686 7.75 84408 1005085 8.40 115305 1139192 10.12 133641 1163312 11.49
United
Kingdom 86723 1249619 6.94 91252 1270112 7.18 87950 1382189 6.36 111882 1335975 8.37
Germany 89099 2897517 3.08 70223 3116081 2.25 76272 3110954 2.45 82358 2813006 2.93
Netherlands 19356 1105551 1.75 26667 1199332 2.22 33932 1303365 2.60 51463 1130667 4.55
Belgium 37583 540707 6.95 34704 682273 5.09 39611 703925 5.63 45972 516578 8.90
Italy 24591 1074642 2.29 30431 1115606 2.73 35961 1190469 3.02 32991 1031277 3.20
France 30351 1339950 2.27 34585 1410055 2.45 36250 1479146 2.45 31128 1411640 2.21
United Arab
Emirates 14924 271096 5.51 14114 318050 4.44 18631 338601 5.50 25752 200630 12.84

3. Part#2
1)USA
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 5760797 5949215 5762258 6E+06
Bangladesh 1249460 1430605 1349556 1E+06
Mexico 1274911 1271663 1248033 1E+06
China 1080112 1120479 1046843 1E+06
Viet Nam 302553 329422 361452 325305
Nicaragua 226913 220808 216797 216434
Pakistan 165528 176695 157762 180209
Indonesia 158677 160850 153785 164484
Egypt 230804 190781 186581 186719
Sri Lanka 139634 149441 151416 159356
2)spain
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 932686 1005085 1139192 1163312
Bangladesh 162030 213135 244808 258211
Turkey 156846 169998 171978 172361
Pakistan 70455 74691 144314 183316
Morocco 103085 111701 104434 101512
China 115034 96150 90095 86968
Italy 45652 54135 55053 53946

4. Cambodia 13455 30294 35372 51447
France 20318 27555 25511 24484
India 16558 18309 26414 24688
3)unitedkingdom
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 1249619 1270112 1382189 1335975
Bangladesh 358823 364850 366915 411537
Pakistan 137608 136905 152716 151135
China 180211 150728 168837 151651
Turkey 72718 83106 96316 82301
0Italy 74971 84609 90755 75681
Germany 31652 36378 46289 46588
Netherlands 62286 52688 55438 43886
Cambodia 22872 37170 49051 46698
Spain 21746 23792 33738 32189
4)Germany
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 2897517 3116081 3110954 3E+06
Bangladesh 619318 665150 680773 718236
Turkey 329647 349227 337471 309305
Pakistan 214619 195422 263810 303033
China 574961 548708 422366 344837
Tunisia 175468 211179 231706 189712
Poland 57000 68657 66422 64558
Romania 122800 143996 135448 106810
Italy 78625 98091 109986 94968
Cambodia 50631 76909 81972 70695

5. 5)netherland
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 1105551 1199332 1303365 1130667
Bangladesh 227883 360029 391588 314509
Germany 173498 168284 168886 149442
Turkey 134930 120893 130039 130445
Pakistan 52966 66183 77231 82123
China 150747 128701 142559 117240
Tunisia 55874 57246 57556 49252
India 42653 47682 44736 40298
Poland 16551 19424 21801 17356
Cambodia 19168 19724 26905 22426
6)Belgium
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 540707 682273 703925 516578
Bangladesh 62984 104608 142807 92612
Germany 95124 111581 97616 78658
Netherlands 68352 76734 67605 47042
China 48752 54763 60158 39563
France 34409 43279 44397 37966
India 20731 19878 5004 15541
Turkey 45845 62570 62828 34380
Pakistan 25742 22693 25285 16011
Tunisia 15659 20594 22844 18821

6. 7)Italy
Exporters
Imported
value in 2012
Imported
value in 2013
Imported
value in 2014
Imported
value in 2015
World 1074642 1115606 1190469 1E+06
Bangladesh 128359 171795 208021 196512
Tunisia 173557 176388 186717 150791
China 149404 130914 124906 94924
Romania 96264 91526 85501 72069
France 39951 44335 51012 49459
Pakistan 26498 28830 40275 42179
Belgium 42893 47332 44792 43275
Germany 43261 43877 49773 38931
Turkey 68005 57939 61774 51867
8)france
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 1339950 1410055 1479146 1411640
Bangladesh 197589 267599 300850 342323
China 320527 289811 260744 237899
Pakistan 91472 86768 108960 114515
Turkey 99542 119114 117194 114007
Tunisia 104421 112551 118362 103743
Morocco 101612 105859 107675 92392
Italy 82841 82530 84571 66687
Cambodia 10904 33355 43650 48440
India 48703 41156 60827 56787

7. 9)unitedarabemarates
Exporters
Imported value in
2012
Imported value in
2013
Imported value in
2014
Imported value in
2015
World 271096 318050 338601 200630
China 84729 93546 105799 49865
India 43270 46247 48861 39634
Bangladesh 43662 60955 59388 30302
Pakistan 22485 24548 27500 17904
Turkey 11220 10876 18635 11856
Italy 9446 12875 15369 11607
Indonesia 18158 18086 9246 4865
Morocco 2095 1864 5304 4844
Tunisia 3569 6123 7024 4185
Part#3
1) Andorra
2) Aruba
3) Bhutan
4) Bolivia
5) Cabo verde
6) Cambodia
7) Dominica
8) Ethiopa
9) Faroe Iceland
10) gibraltar

8. Question#4
Importers
Exported
value in
2012
total
imports
share of
pakistan
Exported
value in
2013
total
imports
share of
pakistan
Exported
value in
2014
total
imports
shares
of
pakistan
Exported
value in
2015
total
imports
share of
pakistan
World 611315 23729763 2.57615 653120 25100689 2.602 664530 25731392 2.58257 762156 24334655 3.132
Question#5
Top 10 importersof product
Importers
Imported value
in 2012
Imported value
in 2013
Imported value
in 2014
Imported value
in 2015
World 23729763 2.5E+07 3E+07 24334655
United States of
America 5760797 5949215 6E+06 5784040
Germany 2897517 3116081 3E+06 2813006
France 1339950 1410055 1E+06 1411640
United Kingdom 1249619 1270112 1E+06 1335975
Spain 932686 1005085 1E+06 1163312
Netherlands 1105551 1199332 1E+06 1130667
Italy 1074642 1115606 1E+06 1031277
Japan 1035618 1098885 962452 955525
Belgium 540707 682273 703925 516578
Question#6
Top 10 exporterof product

9. Exporters
Exported value in
2012
Exported value in
2013
Exported value in
2014
Exported value in
2015
World 23708003 2.6E+07 3E+07 26218676
China 4743465 5394074 7E+06 6498528
Bangladesh 3999689 4790380 5E+06 5132154
Germany 1603631 1702107 2E+06 1439283
Pakistan 611315 653120 664530 762156
Mexico 1317267 1304709 1E+06 1277007
Turkey 1079297 1093011 1E+06 1038384
Italy 1090187 1191315 1E+06 1005974
Viet Nam 495843 589240 619227 603436
Spain 524071 616530 701909 746201
Question#)7

10. Part 2) Reasons for positive/Negative Growth
 Pakistan growth is positive.
 The growth of the product is increasing day by day because
Pakistan’s quality is better than the some of its competitors moreover
Pakistan offers less price related to its competitor.
 Pakistanleads in the production of men’s trousers or shorts because
the best quality yarn is produced in Pakistan which is used in the
production of these products.
Part 3) Policies effect product export.
 Taxes imposed by the government of Pakistan.
 Increase in the rate of raw material.
 Importing countries specific requirements related to product
Resons
 Mens and boys trousers export increases at very slow rate because of….
 High Labour cost according to competator countries
 High yarn prices
 Rapid change in technology
 High rate of finish goods
 Poorly established legal and regulatory institutions
 Ethical issues

11.  Government policies
 Precess involved in manufacturing

1. Growth of Bedspread for all Textile Material for world
Exporters
Exported
value in
2012
Exported
value in
2013
growth
rate in
2013
Exported
value in
2013
Exported
value in
2014
growth
rate in
2014
Exported
value in
2014
Exported
value in
2015
growth
rate in
2015
Exported
value in
2015
Exported
value in
2016
growth
rate in
2016
World 2.4E+07 24957310 6.18% 2.5E+07 27952725 12.00% 2.8E+07 2.6E+07 -6.56% 2.6E+07 2.8E+07 5.41%
China 4743465 5394074 13.72% 5394074 6841777 26.84% 6841777 6498528 -5.02% 6498528 5833861
-
10.23%
Bangladesh 3796916 3882358 2.25% 3882358
-
100.00% 5030218 0.00% 5030218 5408620 7.52%
Germany 1603631 1702107 6.14% 1702107 1704529 0.14% 1704529 1439283
-
15.56% 1439283 1515186 5.27%
Pakistan 611315 653120 6.84% 653120 664530 1.75% 664530 762156 14.69% 762156 1506397 97.65%
Mexico 1317267 1304709 -0.95% 1304709 1310458 0.44% 1310458 1277007 -2.55% 1277007 1163270 -8.91%
Growth of Bedspread for all Textile Material for Pakistan Exports
Importers
Exported
value in
2011
Exported
value in
2012
growth
rate in
2012
Exported
value in
2012
Exported
value in
2013
growth
rate in
2013
Exported
value in
2013
Exported
value in
2014
growth
rate in
2014
Exported
value in
2014
Exported
value in
2015
growth
rate in
2015
World 636390 611315 -3.94% 611315 653120 6.84% 653120 664530 1.75% 664530 762156 14.69%
United
States of
America 147429 148796 0.93% 148796 166387 11.82% 166387 125106
-
24.81% 125106 143222 14.48%
Spain 55360 72297 30.59% 72297 84408 16.75% 84408 115305 36.60% 115305 133641 15.90%
United 73562 86723 17.89% 86723 91252 5.22% 91252 87950 -3.62% 87950 111882 27.21%

12. Kingdom
Germany 128388 89099
-
30.60% 89099 70223
-
21.19% 70223 76272 8.61% 76272 82358 7.98%
Netherlands 14655 19356 32.08% 19356 26667 37.77% 26667 33932 27.24% 33932 51463 51.67%
Question # 8
1. Major Competitor and their Business:
Exporters
Exported value
in 2012
Exported value
in 2013
Exported value
in 2014
Exported value
in 2015
Exported value
in 2016
World 23505064 24957310 27952725 26117869 27530360
China 4743465 5394074 6841777 6498528 5833861
Bangladesh 3796916 3882358 5030218 5408620
Germany 1603631 1702107 1704529 1439283 1515186
Mexico 1317267 1304709 1310458 1277007 1163270
Turkey 1079297 1093011 1115595 1038384 1105225
2)Comparisonwith PakistanExports:
Exporters
Exported value
in 2012
Exported value
in 2013
Exported value
in 2014
Exported value
in 2015
Exported value
in 2016
World 23505064 24957310 27952725 26117869 27530360
China 4743465 5394074 6841777 6498528 5833861
Bangladesh 3796916 3882358 5030218 5408620

13. Pakistan 611315 653120 664530 762156 1506397
2) Positionof Pakistanin comparisonwith competitors:
Exporters
Exported value
in 2012
Exported value
in 2013
Exported value
in 2014
Exported value
in 2015
Exported value
in 2016
World 23505064 24957310 27952725 26117869 27530360
China 4743465 5394074 6841777 6498528 5833861
Bangladesh 3796916 3882358 5030218 5408620
Germany 1603631 1702107 1704529 1439283 1515186
Pakistan 611315 653120 664530 762156 1506397
Mexico 1317267 1304709 1310458 1277007 1163270
Turkey 1079297 1093011 1115595 1038384 1105225
Interview
Conducted by three firms…
 Challenge Apparel.
 SPhire textile Mills.
 Professional housing Management Association.
a.Questions conducted by Exporter?
1.Why our industry is gows down day by day?
 Due to unskilled labours.
 Due to low level of innovation.
 Shortage of machinery.

14.  Chilled Labour.
 Due to energy crises.
2.Why other countries leading in this product?
 The have high level of innovation
 Skilled labours
 Moreover with the past experience of Pakistan Export history
restrict importers to import product from Pakistan.
 Energy crises effect more on the Exporting of product because
of this the importers Demand does not fully fulfilled.
A-Manufaturing process
The operation breakdown of a trouser with two front pocket and two back pocket has been
given in the following table. SMVs mentioned here against each operation are just for
your reference.
It may vary according to machine types, workstation layout and equipment used. Operations
needed to make a trouser have been listed section wise. Machines that are used for the
operations have been also mentioned in the table.
B-Step involved in manufacturing
1-Order Receiving
Shirt making factories get orders from brands, international buyers or retails stores.
Where tailoring shops get order directly from customers. If you consider export order
manufacturing, there are many preproduction processes followed by factories. Like
sampling of shirt, fabric development (factories could not just buy fabric from market,
but they need to develop fabric as per customer requirement), lap dip approval, pre-
production sampling, approval of fabric and trims, development of various trims etc.
Factories get order for multiple sizes (S, M, L, and XL) and with size wise order
ratio.
2-MaterialSourcing

15. Tailoring shop: Customers purchase fabric and give to tailor for making shirt for
them. Other materials like sewing threads, buttons, fusible interlinings and sourced
by shop owner. Formal packing is not necessary here, so no packing accessories
are purchased.
In Factories: Factories normally makes hundreds of shirts for same fabric and same
designs. They make shirts for export market or for domestic brands. Material
requirement for the order is calculated and sourcing is done directly from mills and
fabric suppliers. All materials are purchased by factory – woven fabrics, trims and
accessories. Factory takes about one month to procure fabrics
3-MaterialInspection
Fabric and trims are checked by qualified checkers. Segregation of defective
materials is done from good materials. The purpose is to get quality shirts after
stitching and finishing. Factories use fabric checking machines to speed up checking
process and make quality checking process more effective. Sometimes factories get
fabrics with shade variation. They segregate different shades and make shade
bands. Later cutting is done shade wise (lot wise). The purpose is to eliminate fabric
shade variation in shirts.
4-Pattern Making
In a tailoring shop shirts are made according to wearer's measurement (Made to
Measure). Each shirt is unique. So normally shirt patterns are not made in tailoring
shop. Instead tailors (master) directly mark on the fabric and cut fabric.
In factories where hundreds of garments are made for same size and same
measurement, pattern is essential. Sample shirts are made first to check that
patterns are made correctly. As factory needs to make shirts for different sizes,
pattern grading is done and patterns are made for all sizes. Pattern grading can be
done using CAD system.
5-Cutting of Fabric and Fusing Material
Once fabric is sourced and pattern is ready to use, cutting of fabric is started. Fabric
is laid on the flat table. Multiple layers (fabric plies) are cut together. Marking of
outlines for shirt components are done by using paper patterns. After marking, fabric
is cut using cutting machine.
Fabric is the major cost component in a garment. So, before cutting marker making
is done wisely to increase fabric utilization. Marker making and cutting can be done
using computer controlled machine.

16. For checks and stripes customers want checks and stripes should match in between
shoulder and sleeve, left front and right front panels, even in side seams. To match
checks, garment components need to cut accordingly.
Fusible interlinings are cut for collar and cuffs. Interlinings components are attached
to collar and cuff components using fusing machine.
6-Stitching/Machine used for sewing
 Cutting
 Overlock
 Lockstitch
 Safety stitch machine
 Blind stitch machine
 Button sewing machine
 Zigzag machine
 Cutting machine
 Hook and bar attaching machine
7-Finishing
Toppers leggers and seam buster make up the finishing process for the production of casual
trosers standard vacume table and irons are giving way to more automate dform of pressing
to achive a consistence performance.
8- Packing
And then at last the finished product is pakcked according to the demand of the customer
moreover the material used in the manufaturing process of the garment
9-Shipping tocustomer
Thenproduct isexportedtothe customerforthisa termusedbythe producer.
"Free On Board", is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective
obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer.

17. 2-Sew the tucks in the back piece.
On the front piece sew zigzag stitch over the edges of both flaps (separately, not
together) and using a removable pencil or dress makers chalk, mark the curve on the
front of the left hand side.

18. SEW LEGS
Line up the sides of front and back pieces, right sides facing in, and sew side leg
seam. Do this for both legs. Line up the inside leg sides and sew together. Press seam
open. Do this for both legs.

19. Leave one leg with wrong sides facing out, and turn the other leg so that the right
sides are facing out. Put the right side out leg into the other leg, lining up the crotch
seam.
SEW FLY
With legs lined up inside each other, sew the front
crotch. Then by pressing the seam, and following the

20. line, press and HAND stitch the flaps so that the left side overlaps the right side.
Turn the pants to the outside and attach the zip on the right
side. Then, close the overlapping flaps and
pin together.
Turn the pants to the inside and carefully open the flaps (you should have the
remaining ‘unattached’ flap to the left side with zip pinned to its top). Make sure you
do not dislodge the pins on the outside.
Attach the zip to the SINGLE layer of the left flap. The zip is now attached to the
right side of the front piece (including right flap) and the left flap of the fly.

21. Turn pants to the outside again and overstitch the curved line to join the flaps and
give the fly its style.
Finally, finish sewing the back seam of the crotch.
WAISTBAND
Fold and press as shown
Attach the unfolded side (B) edge to the top of the pants, right sides of the fabric
facing each other. Make sure that the 5 cm overlap is on the left side. Stitch on. Fold
up the waistband and press seams up towards the waistband.

22. Fold waistband right sides together and sew edges.
Then turn right side out and press well, being sure to pull out the corners.
NOTE! Corners are shown cut in the picture but you should cut the corners AFTER
you have sewn the edge. Top stitch over waistband, joining it totally to the pants.
CUFFS
a) Fold up a small edge of around 1 cm and press.
b) Fold up a larger edge, of around 1,5-2 cm, press and sew.

23. Recomendadtion.
 Pakistanneedstominimize the labourcostaswell asminimize the costof fabricyarn.
 It is necessary for the government to develop the trade relation with those countries
which import is high but Pakistan not export there.
 Include a longertermplanfordevelopingexportsales.
 Improve the qualityof the productmoreoverdon’tallow yourcompatitortogive extra
benefitstothe foreignmatrket
 Trade agreements with those countries who are the major importer