A person stated that they cannot speak English, but then questioned whether another person had just said something to them in English. The short exchange expressed confusion over the person's ability to speak and understand English.
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as a direct quote without changes and indirect speech as reporting what someone said without using their exact words. It provides examples of changing verbs, pronouns, and time references when converting from direct to indirect speech. The learning objectives are for students to understand reporting verbs and be able to distinguish between direct and indirect speech and complete exercises changing statements into the different forms.
This document discusses pronunciation at level 2, including intonation with direct address, reduction of "there is/there are", pronunciation theory covering word stress, sentence stress, linking, and intonation, and contrastive stress in responses. Key aspects are falling intonation and pauses before names with direct address, reduction of "there is/there are" in conversation except for short answers, the four important aspects of pronunciation theory, and changing stress to emphasize contrasts in responses.
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the meaning is conveyed rather than the exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses, pronouns, places, times and other contextual references need to be changed to reflect that a past statement is being reported rather than quoted directly. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes.
Modal verbs are used in English to express modality, which refers to possibility, probability, necessity, obligation, and other subjective attitudes. The nine modal verbs in English are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would. Modal verbs always appear in the first position of the verb phrase and do not show tense or number. Double modals, while used in some dialects, are proscribed in prescriptive grammars. Modal verbs have a wide range of pragmatic uses that depend on context.
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs that combine a main verb with a particle, which can be an adverb or preposition, to create a new verb. There are four types of phrasal verbs: 1) separable, where the object can be placed between the verb and particle; 2) prepositional, where a preposition follows the verb; 3) intransitive, where the verb and particle cannot be separated; and 4) three-part, where an adverb and preposition follow the verb. Phrasal verbs are commonly used in informal English to replace more formal verbs.
Direct reported speech (tugas ibu defie) by widiya 4 sa02Widiyaleviosa
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect (reported) speech. It provides examples of how to report what someone said in both direct and indirect ways. Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words, while indirect speech puts the ideas into sentences without quotation marks. When changing direct speech to indirect, verb tenses and pronouns often need to be altered depending on whether the speech is in the past or present.
There are different types of words, called parts of speech, that serve different functions in building sentences. The document discusses the 9 main parts of speech in English - nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, articles, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech is defined and its basic function explained, such as nouns being names of people, places, or things, verbs describing actions, and prepositions connecting words. Understanding the different parts of speech is important for constructing sentences, just as different building materials serve purposes in constructing a house.
This document discusses important aspects of English pronunciation including word stress, sentence stress, linking, and intonation. It provides examples of tonic stress showing the emphasized syllable in words. Examples are also given demonstrating pronunciation blending, unstressed words, and question intonation patterns with rising and falling tones.
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as a direct quote without changes and indirect speech as reporting what someone said without using their exact words. It provides examples of changing verbs, pronouns, and time references when converting from direct to indirect speech. The learning objectives are for students to understand reporting verbs and be able to distinguish between direct and indirect speech and complete exercises changing statements into the different forms.
This document discusses pronunciation at level 2, including intonation with direct address, reduction of "there is/there are", pronunciation theory covering word stress, sentence stress, linking, and intonation, and contrastive stress in responses. Key aspects are falling intonation and pauses before names with direct address, reduction of "there is/there are" in conversation except for short answers, the four important aspects of pronunciation theory, and changing stress to emphasize contrasts in responses.
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the meaning is conveyed rather than the exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses, pronouns, places, times and other contextual references need to be changed to reflect that a past statement is being reported rather than quoted directly. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes.
Modal verbs are used in English to express modality, which refers to possibility, probability, necessity, obligation, and other subjective attitudes. The nine modal verbs in English are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would. Modal verbs always appear in the first position of the verb phrase and do not show tense or number. Double modals, while used in some dialects, are proscribed in prescriptive grammars. Modal verbs have a wide range of pragmatic uses that depend on context.
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs that combine a main verb with a particle, which can be an adverb or preposition, to create a new verb. There are four types of phrasal verbs: 1) separable, where the object can be placed between the verb and particle; 2) prepositional, where a preposition follows the verb; 3) intransitive, where the verb and particle cannot be separated; and 4) three-part, where an adverb and preposition follow the verb. Phrasal verbs are commonly used in informal English to replace more formal verbs.
Direct reported speech (tugas ibu defie) by widiya 4 sa02Widiyaleviosa
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect (reported) speech. It provides examples of how to report what someone said in both direct and indirect ways. Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words, while indirect speech puts the ideas into sentences without quotation marks. When changing direct speech to indirect, verb tenses and pronouns often need to be altered depending on whether the speech is in the past or present.
There are different types of words, called parts of speech, that serve different functions in building sentences. The document discusses the 9 main parts of speech in English - nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, articles, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech is defined and its basic function explained, such as nouns being names of people, places, or things, verbs describing actions, and prepositions connecting words. Understanding the different parts of speech is important for constructing sentences, just as different building materials serve purposes in constructing a house.
This document discusses important aspects of English pronunciation including word stress, sentence stress, linking, and intonation. It provides examples of tonic stress showing the emphasized syllable in words. Examples are also given demonstrating pronunciation blending, unstressed words, and question intonation patterns with rising and falling tones.
Particles are words that show the relationship between words, phrases, or clauses in a Japanese sentence. They function similarly to English prepositions but follow the words they modify. Particles can have English equivalents or peculiar usages not found in English.
Romaji refers to the romanization of Japanese characters. It is mainly used for writing human names and place names in English. Japanese people do not use Romaji for writing their own language.
The hiragana ん is usually the last character listed in dictionaries. It looks and sounds like the "n" sound at the end of words in English. Unlike other hiragana, ん does not form a syllable on its own but is pronounced
The document summarizes the rules for using the simple present tense in English. It discusses how the simple present tense is used to describe regular or habitual actions, facts, and general truths. It also covers verb conjugation patterns, how to form negative sentences and questions, and examples of short answers for questions using auxiliary verbs.
Modal auxiliaries are verbs that are used with other verbs to indicate modality, or express meanings like ability, permission, obligation, possibility, and necessity. Some common modal auxiliaries in English include can, could, may, might, must, should, would, will, shall, need to, have to, and be able to. Modal auxiliaries are always followed by the base form of the main verb and have no changes in tense. They are used to convey different meanings depending on the context.
The document discusses the emphatic form of verbs in English. It states that the emphatic form is used with the auxiliaries "do", "does", and "did" in the present and past tenses to give additional emphasis to the verb. It provides examples of the emphatic form being used to contradict a previous statement. However, the emphatic form is not used when these auxiliaries are used to form questions or mean "accomplish, carry out, etc.". The document concludes with examples practicing the emphatic form.
Rising and falling intonation are the two basic patterns of intonation in English. Rising intonation, with the voice rising at the end of a sentence, is used for yes/no questions, question tags that require an answer, and expressing doubt. Falling intonation, with the voice falling at the end, is more common and used for statements, commands, wh-questions, confirmatory question tags, and exclamations. The document provides examples of sentences demonstrating rising and falling intonation patterns and a practice dialogue for listeners to identify.
This document discusses different types of noun clauses and their usage. It covers noun clauses introduced by that, whether, if, what, and wh- words. Some key points include:
- That introduces many noun clauses but can sometimes be omitted. It should never be omitted when introducing a subject noun clause.
- Whether and if are similar and can often be used interchangeably to introduce yes/no noun clauses. Whether or not is also used.
- Embedded questions use statement word order and introduce noun clauses. They can occur within statements or other questions.
- Wh- words like what, when, how introduce embedded wh- noun clauses.
This document discusses suprasegmental features of language including stress, tone, and intonation. It defines stress as the relative emphasis given to syllables within a word. It notes that stress patterns can vary across monosyllabic, bisyllabic, and multisyllabic words. The document also discusses tones in Thai and English and how tones are used differently. Finally, it provides examples of how intonation is used to convey meaning through question types, imperatives, and sentence stress on content words versus function words.
Modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence and help express ideas like ability, permission, possibility, certainty, and obligation. Common modal verbs include can, may, might, should, must, have to, would, and shall. Modal verbs do not conjugate or require auxiliary verbs, are followed by an infinitive without "to", and have limited tense forms. Their specific meaning depends on the context.
Particles are words that show the relationship between words and phrases in a Japanese sentence. They function similarly to English prepositions but follow the words they modify. Romaji is the romanization of Japanese used mainly for writing names and in textbooks for learners. The hiragana ん represents an "n" sound at the end of words and does not form its own syllable. The particle も means "also" or "too" and is used to connect two ideas, as in saying "my mom is also 45 years old".
This document defines parts of speech and discusses the eight main categories that words are classified into in English: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It explains that parts of speech describe a word's function in a sentence rather than its meaning. Each part of speech is then defined in more detail in subsequent sections.
The document discusses rising and falling intonation in speech. Falling intonation is when the voice pitch falls at the end of a thought or statement. It is used for short sentences, questions with question words, and tag questions when the speaker is sure. Rising intonation is when the pitch rises at the end. It is used for encouraging statements, yes/no questions, tag questions when the speaker is unsure, and sentences ending with please, goodbye, or thank you. An example pair activity demonstrates rising and falling intonation in a conversation.
This document discusses intonation in language and provides examples of how intonation can change the meaning of what is said. It notes that intonation exists in all languages and is used to indicate emotional meaning and the feelings of the speaker. It emphasizes that awareness of intonation aids communication and that wrong intonation can cause misunderstandings. The document then provides various exercises and examples to demonstrate how intonation works in practice.
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used. It notes that modal verbs are used before ordinary verbs to express meanings like permission, possibility, certainty and necessity. There are two important things to remember about modal verbs: 1) modal verbs do not add "s" even for singular subjects, and they do not have a past form; 2) modal verbs cannot stand alone in a sentence, so they are always followed by the base form of the main verb without "to." Examples of modal verbs and their usage are provided.
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not have to be word-for-word and does not use quotation marks unless reporting exactly. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs change to the past tense and other modifications may occur such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and the type of verb used depending on the sentence type. Examples are provided to illustrate how direct speech is changed to indirect speech based on these rules.
There are two broad classifications of verbs: helping verbs and main verbs. Helping verbs have no meaning on their own and are used grammatically with main verbs, of which there are only about 15 types. Main verbs have meaning on their own and communicate something, and there are thousands of different main verbs. Examples are provided of sentences using helping verbs and main verbs to demonstrate the difference.
This document discusses intonation patterns in English: falling intonation, rising intonation, rise-fall intonation, and fall-rise intonation. Falling intonation, where the voice falls at the end of a sentence, is used for statements, commands, WH-questions, and exclamations. Rising intonation, where the voice rises at the end, is used for yes/no questions and question tags that require an answer. Rise-fall intonation has a rising then falling pattern and is used for choices, lists, unfinished thoughts, and conditional sentences. Fall-rise intonation is used to show hesitation or reluctance in responses.
The document provides instruction on using the present tense verb "to be" in English. It covers the positive, negative, and interrogative forms of the verb as well as contractions. Examples are given for the first person singular and plural, second person singular and plural, third person singular, and third person plural. The proper use of capitalization for the pronoun "I" is also addressed.
This document introduces parts of speech and sentence structure. It defines a sentence as a group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and predicate. The document outlines four types of sentences - simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. It also discusses the different parts of a sentence, including the subject and predicate. Finally, it identifies three types of sentences based on purpose: declarative, interrogative, and imperative.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Particles are words that show the relationship between words, phrases, or clauses in a Japanese sentence. They function similarly to English prepositions but follow the words they modify. Particles can have English equivalents or peculiar usages not found in English.
Romaji refers to the romanization of Japanese characters. It is mainly used for writing human names and place names in English. Japanese people do not use Romaji for writing their own language.
The hiragana ん is usually the last character listed in dictionaries. It looks and sounds like the "n" sound at the end of words in English. Unlike other hiragana, ん does not form a syllable on its own but is pronounced
The document summarizes the rules for using the simple present tense in English. It discusses how the simple present tense is used to describe regular or habitual actions, facts, and general truths. It also covers verb conjugation patterns, how to form negative sentences and questions, and examples of short answers for questions using auxiliary verbs.
Modal auxiliaries are verbs that are used with other verbs to indicate modality, or express meanings like ability, permission, obligation, possibility, and necessity. Some common modal auxiliaries in English include can, could, may, might, must, should, would, will, shall, need to, have to, and be able to. Modal auxiliaries are always followed by the base form of the main verb and have no changes in tense. They are used to convey different meanings depending on the context.
The document discusses the emphatic form of verbs in English. It states that the emphatic form is used with the auxiliaries "do", "does", and "did" in the present and past tenses to give additional emphasis to the verb. It provides examples of the emphatic form being used to contradict a previous statement. However, the emphatic form is not used when these auxiliaries are used to form questions or mean "accomplish, carry out, etc.". The document concludes with examples practicing the emphatic form.
Rising and falling intonation are the two basic patterns of intonation in English. Rising intonation, with the voice rising at the end of a sentence, is used for yes/no questions, question tags that require an answer, and expressing doubt. Falling intonation, with the voice falling at the end, is more common and used for statements, commands, wh-questions, confirmatory question tags, and exclamations. The document provides examples of sentences demonstrating rising and falling intonation patterns and a practice dialogue for listeners to identify.
This document discusses different types of noun clauses and their usage. It covers noun clauses introduced by that, whether, if, what, and wh- words. Some key points include:
- That introduces many noun clauses but can sometimes be omitted. It should never be omitted when introducing a subject noun clause.
- Whether and if are similar and can often be used interchangeably to introduce yes/no noun clauses. Whether or not is also used.
- Embedded questions use statement word order and introduce noun clauses. They can occur within statements or other questions.
- Wh- words like what, when, how introduce embedded wh- noun clauses.
This document discusses suprasegmental features of language including stress, tone, and intonation. It defines stress as the relative emphasis given to syllables within a word. It notes that stress patterns can vary across monosyllabic, bisyllabic, and multisyllabic words. The document also discusses tones in Thai and English and how tones are used differently. Finally, it provides examples of how intonation is used to convey meaning through question types, imperatives, and sentence stress on content words versus function words.
Modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence and help express ideas like ability, permission, possibility, certainty, and obligation. Common modal verbs include can, may, might, should, must, have to, would, and shall. Modal verbs do not conjugate or require auxiliary verbs, are followed by an infinitive without "to", and have limited tense forms. Their specific meaning depends on the context.
Particles are words that show the relationship between words and phrases in a Japanese sentence. They function similarly to English prepositions but follow the words they modify. Romaji is the romanization of Japanese used mainly for writing names and in textbooks for learners. The hiragana ん represents an "n" sound at the end of words and does not form its own syllable. The particle も means "also" or "too" and is used to connect two ideas, as in saying "my mom is also 45 years old".
This document defines parts of speech and discusses the eight main categories that words are classified into in English: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It explains that parts of speech describe a word's function in a sentence rather than its meaning. Each part of speech is then defined in more detail in subsequent sections.
The document discusses rising and falling intonation in speech. Falling intonation is when the voice pitch falls at the end of a thought or statement. It is used for short sentences, questions with question words, and tag questions when the speaker is sure. Rising intonation is when the pitch rises at the end. It is used for encouraging statements, yes/no questions, tag questions when the speaker is unsure, and sentences ending with please, goodbye, or thank you. An example pair activity demonstrates rising and falling intonation in a conversation.
This document discusses intonation in language and provides examples of how intonation can change the meaning of what is said. It notes that intonation exists in all languages and is used to indicate emotional meaning and the feelings of the speaker. It emphasizes that awareness of intonation aids communication and that wrong intonation can cause misunderstandings. The document then provides various exercises and examples to demonstrate how intonation works in practice.
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used. It notes that modal verbs are used before ordinary verbs to express meanings like permission, possibility, certainty and necessity. There are two important things to remember about modal verbs: 1) modal verbs do not add "s" even for singular subjects, and they do not have a past form; 2) modal verbs cannot stand alone in a sentence, so they are always followed by the base form of the main verb without "to." Examples of modal verbs and their usage are provided.
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not have to be word-for-word and does not use quotation marks unless reporting exactly. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs change to the past tense and other modifications may occur such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and the type of verb used depending on the sentence type. Examples are provided to illustrate how direct speech is changed to indirect speech based on these rules.
There are two broad classifications of verbs: helping verbs and main verbs. Helping verbs have no meaning on their own and are used grammatically with main verbs, of which there are only about 15 types. Main verbs have meaning on their own and communicate something, and there are thousands of different main verbs. Examples are provided of sentences using helping verbs and main verbs to demonstrate the difference.
This document discusses intonation patterns in English: falling intonation, rising intonation, rise-fall intonation, and fall-rise intonation. Falling intonation, where the voice falls at the end of a sentence, is used for statements, commands, WH-questions, and exclamations. Rising intonation, where the voice rises at the end, is used for yes/no questions and question tags that require an answer. Rise-fall intonation has a rising then falling pattern and is used for choices, lists, unfinished thoughts, and conditional sentences. Fall-rise intonation is used to show hesitation or reluctance in responses.
The document provides instruction on using the present tense verb "to be" in English. It covers the positive, negative, and interrogative forms of the verb as well as contractions. Examples are given for the first person singular and plural, second person singular and plural, third person singular, and third person plural. The proper use of capitalization for the pronoun "I" is also addressed.
This document introduces parts of speech and sentence structure. It defines a sentence as a group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and predicate. The document outlines four types of sentences - simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. It also discusses the different parts of a sentence, including the subject and predicate. Finally, it identifies three types of sentences based on purpose: declarative, interrogative, and imperative.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.