1. By
Lia Cahyati, S.Pd.

2. The Goal
 Explanation  to explain THE
PROCESSES involved IN THE
FORMATION or workings of
NATURAL or SOCIOCULTURAL
PHENOMENA.

4. The Generic Structure
 A GENERAL STATEMENT to position the
reader
 A sequenced explanation of why or How
Something Occurs.
 CONCLUSION (optional)

8. Making Paper from Woodchips
General statement
Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest
trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a
selected area of the forest called a coupe.
Squence of explanation
Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to
the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a
chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are
then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either
exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is
then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing
Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

9. How Earthquakes Happen
Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often
happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West
Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how
an earthquake happens?
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks
along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It
make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing
against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly. The rocks
are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks
break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the
earthquake occurs.
During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start
moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot
underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The
place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.