This document discusses several perspectives on second language learning: 1. The behaviorist perspective views language learning as habit formation through imitation and practice. However, it cannot account for creative language use or why errors resemble those of first language acquisition. 2. The cognitivist view sees learners actively constructing rules of the new language on their own. However, first language influence and inability to determine intended meaning limit this perspective. 3. The information processing view involves building up automatic linguistic knowledge over time through paying attention initially. 4. The critical period hypothesis suggests language must be learned before puberty for full mastery, though adults can learn syntax and vocabulary but not phonology without an accent.