This document introduces a project on exotic animal management. The project will cover reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, invertebrates and fish. It includes four assignments assessing legislation, animal keeping and movement, animal management, health and disease. Students will learn about exotic animal welfare, accommodation, feeding, handling and transportation through online lessons and activities to develop their knowledge and skills in exotic animal care.
Ethical issues related to animal biotechnologyKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Why are genetically modified animals produced?
Examples of transgenic animals
Why are animals used instead of genetically modified microbes or plants?
Ethical issues
Religious concerns
Responsibility of Scientists
Need for Guidelines
Conclusion
References
Caitlyn Mullins - Euthanasia Research and ResourcesJohn Blue
Euthanasia Research and Resources - Caitlyn Mullins, North Carolina State University, From the 2018 World Pork Expo, June 6 - 8, 2018, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-world-pork-expo
Animal Testing: Rationale for conducting studies, CPCSEA Guidelines
The use of animals in research is currently an essential component of the drug discovery process.
Animals help us advance our scientific understanding, serve as models to study disease, help us develop and test potential new medicines and therapies.
Animal testing has benefited researchers in understanding how to treat and prevent various conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, tuberculosis, polio, muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease.
Education:
Undergraduate teaching to demonstrate effects of various drugs although this has been phased out in most institutes.
Postgraduate teaching to demonstrate the effects of various drugs, to determine the nature of an unknown drug for bioassay, screening methods and to learn skills e.g. administering drugs.
Research:
A larger number and a greater variety of animals are used in pure research than in applied research. This usually involves studies on embryogenesis, developmental biology, behaviour and breeding in Fruit flies, nematodes, mice and rats.
INTRODUCTION
The motto of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act 1960 as amended in 1982 is to prevent infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals.
The Central Government has constituted a Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), which is duty bound to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after the performance of experiments on them.
The goal of these guidelines is to promote the human care of animal used in biomedical and behavioural research and testing.
To avoid/minimize pain and suffering inflicted on experimental animals
Inspection of animal house facilities
It provides guidelines for -
Proper care, housing, breeding, maintenance, handling and use of experimental animals.
Source of experimental animals
Acceptable experimental procedures for anaesthesia and euthanasia.
Registration of establishments conducting animal experimentation or breeding of animals for this purpose.
Selection and assignment of nominees for the Institutional Animal Ethics Committees (IAEC) of the registered establishments.
Approval of Animal House Facilities on the basis of reports of inspections conducted by CPCSEA.
Permission for conducting experiments involving use of animals.
Recommendation for import of animals for use in experiments.
Action against establishments in case of established violation of any legal norm/stipulation.
Conduct of Training Programmes for the Nominees of CPCSEA.
Conduct/Support of Conference/Workshop on Animal Ethics.
To assure quality maintenance and safety of animals used in laboratory studies while conducting biomedical and behavioural research and testing of products.
Quarantine
2. Personal hygiene
3. Environment
4. Physical facility
5. Animal husbandry
6. Animal disposal
7. Documentation
Ethical issues related to animal biotechnologyKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Why are genetically modified animals produced?
Examples of transgenic animals
Why are animals used instead of genetically modified microbes or plants?
Ethical issues
Religious concerns
Responsibility of Scientists
Need for Guidelines
Conclusion
References
Caitlyn Mullins - Euthanasia Research and ResourcesJohn Blue
Euthanasia Research and Resources - Caitlyn Mullins, North Carolina State University, From the 2018 World Pork Expo, June 6 - 8, 2018, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-world-pork-expo
Animal Testing: Rationale for conducting studies, CPCSEA Guidelines
The use of animals in research is currently an essential component of the drug discovery process.
Animals help us advance our scientific understanding, serve as models to study disease, help us develop and test potential new medicines and therapies.
Animal testing has benefited researchers in understanding how to treat and prevent various conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, tuberculosis, polio, muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease.
Education:
Undergraduate teaching to demonstrate effects of various drugs although this has been phased out in most institutes.
Postgraduate teaching to demonstrate the effects of various drugs, to determine the nature of an unknown drug for bioassay, screening methods and to learn skills e.g. administering drugs.
Research:
A larger number and a greater variety of animals are used in pure research than in applied research. This usually involves studies on embryogenesis, developmental biology, behaviour and breeding in Fruit flies, nematodes, mice and rats.
INTRODUCTION
The motto of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act 1960 as amended in 1982 is to prevent infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals.
The Central Government has constituted a Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), which is duty bound to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after the performance of experiments on them.
The goal of these guidelines is to promote the human care of animal used in biomedical and behavioural research and testing.
To avoid/minimize pain and suffering inflicted on experimental animals
Inspection of animal house facilities
It provides guidelines for -
Proper care, housing, breeding, maintenance, handling and use of experimental animals.
Source of experimental animals
Acceptable experimental procedures for anaesthesia and euthanasia.
Registration of establishments conducting animal experimentation or breeding of animals for this purpose.
Selection and assignment of nominees for the Institutional Animal Ethics Committees (IAEC) of the registered establishments.
Approval of Animal House Facilities on the basis of reports of inspections conducted by CPCSEA.
Permission for conducting experiments involving use of animals.
Recommendation for import of animals for use in experiments.
Action against establishments in case of established violation of any legal norm/stipulation.
Conduct of Training Programmes for the Nominees of CPCSEA.
Conduct/Support of Conference/Workshop on Animal Ethics.
To assure quality maintenance and safety of animals used in laboratory studies while conducting biomedical and behavioural research and testing of products.
Quarantine
2. Personal hygiene
3. Environment
4. Physical facility
5. Animal husbandry
6. Animal disposal
7. Documentation
AAFP and ISFM Feline-Friendly Nursing Care GuidelinesMarcia Cristina
The term nursing care means different things to different people. The authors
of these AAFP and ISFM Feline-Friendly Nursing Care Guidelines define nursing care as
any interaction between the cat and the veterinary team (veterinarian, technician or nurse,
receptionist or other support staff) in the clinic, or between the cat and its owner at home,
that promotes wellness or recovery from illness or injury and addresses the patient’s physical
and emotional wellbeing. Nursing care also helps the sick or convalescing cat engage in activities
that it would be unable to perform without help.
AAFP and ISFM Feline-Friendly Nursing Care GuidelinesMarcia Cristina
The term nursing care means different things to different people. The authors
of these AAFP and ISFM Feline-Friendly Nursing Care Guidelines define nursing care as
any interaction between the cat and the veterinary team (veterinarian, technician or nurse,
receptionist or other support staff) in the clinic, or between the cat and its owner at home,
that promotes wellness or recovery from illness or injury and addresses the patient’s physical
and emotional wellbeing. Nursing care also helps the sick or convalescing cat engage in activities
that it would be unable to perform without help.
Similar to Exotics lesson 01 module introduction (20)
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. Lesson Aims:
Welcome to Skin, Scales, Feathers & Fur!
This project is based on BTEC Module 18:
Understand the Principles and Carry Out
the Practice of Exotic Animal Health and
Husbandry
In this session, we will be looking at the
module outcomes and the topics that we
will be covering.
If you have any questions, please post
them in the forum in the project.
3. Project Introduction
Herpetology (the study of reptiles and
amphibians) is a vast and fascinating
topic.
Over the course of this project, you will
be learning about reptiles and
amphibians as well as exotic mammals,
birds, invertebrates and fish.
The majority of your lessons will be
delivered in class but you will have a lot
of online activities to complete to assist
with your assignments.
4. Module Content
This module has four outcomes:
◦ Understand the health and welfare
requirements and associated legislation of
exotic animal species
◦ Know the health and welfare requirements of
exotic animal species
◦ Be able to prepare accommodation and
feeding regimes for exotic animal species
◦ Be able to handle, restrain and transport
exotic animal species
5. 1. Understand the health & welfare requirements
and associated legislation of exotic animal
species
Responsibilities of
keeping exotic
animals
Reasons for keeping
exotic animals
Responsibilities of
keeping exotic
animals
Health & welfare
requirements
Legislation
6. 2. Know the health & welfare requirements of
exotic animal species
Health requirements
of exotic animals:
Signs of health
Common diseases
Prevention & Treatment
Travel
Welfare
requirements:
Accommodation
7. 3. Be able to prepare accommodation and
feeding regimes for exotic animal species
Accommodation:
Set up
Maintenance
Cleaning
Feeding Regimes:
Types of food
Preparation
Presentation
Specialist diets
8. 4. Be able to handle, restrain and
transport exotic animal species
Handling & Restraint:
Health & Safety
Equipment
Animal Welfare
Zoonotic diseases
Transport
Legislation
Transport methods
10. Assignments - General
In this project, you will have four
assignments to complete.
These assignments cover a wide range of
assessment techniques.
This module has:
12 pass, 5 merit & 3 distinction
criteria.
11. Assignment 1:
Exotic Animal Ethics & Legislation
In this assignment, you will be looking
at the ethics of keeping animals in
captivity.
A written report and a speech will be
used to assess your knowledge of this
topic.
P1, P2, P3, M1
12. Assignment 2:
Keeping & Moving Exotic Animals
This assignment focuses on the legislation
connected to keeping exotic animals as
pets and moving exotic animals (both
within the UK and importing / exporting).
P10, P11, P12, D3
13. Assignment 3:
Exotic Animal Management
This is a large assignment that includes
both practical and written elements.
You will complete a short portfolio of
evidence during your practical sessions
and produce a handbook for managing an
animal collection.
P6, P7, P8, P9, M3, M4, M5
14. Assignment 4:
Exotic Animal Health & Disease
Here you will demonstrate your
knowledge of common diseases in exotic
animals.
You will be required to recognise
symptoms of common diseases and
suggest suitable treatments for them.
P4, P5, M2
15. Assignment 5:
NHC Collection Evaluation
In this assignment, you are tasked with
evaluating the exotic animal care here at
NHC.
This is a large assignment covering D1 and
D2.
You will be required to be very objective
in your analysis of the Animal
Management Unit and provide us with
realistic suggestions for improvements
that can be made.
16. Summary
This project will run from 5th January
2015 until 22nd May 2015.
By the end of the project, you will have a
greater understanding of how to manage
exotic animals in captivity.
Remember, if you have any questions or
comments, please put them in the forum
on this project. Your questions will help
others in your group.
