The document provides a comprehensive guide on creating various statistical graphs and analyzing tornado data using Microsoft Excel. It details the relationships between tornado intensity, duration, and the resulting fatalities, concluding that more severe tornadoes significantly increase death counts. Additionally, it highlights the impact of community size on tornado-related deaths, suggesting that tornadoes are more likely to strike rural areas.

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2. Excel Graphics and Analysis Homework
Creating Bar Graphs, Histograms, and Bar Charts to Depict the Data
Below, Microsoft excel is used to create bar graphs, histograms, and bar charts to show the
effect of tornadoes and their duration according to their intensities on the f-scale. Each
graph is explained. Then, the type of distribution associated with the duration of the
tornadoes is explained. A summary is then given on the experience of the data analyst
while undertaking this assignment.
A Bar Graph Depicting the Number of Tornadoes by F-Scale
0 10 20 30 40
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
Number of tornadoes
F-scale
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3. Explaining How the Frequency of the Severest Tornadoes Compares
With Normal Tornado Formation
b. Explain how the frequency of the severest tornadoes the April 3– 4, 1974,
outbreak compare with normal tornado formation (2 pts)
As per the graph, it can be seen that little more than 20% (=30/148) of all the
tornadoes recorded on April 3-4 1974, exceeded F3 on Fujita scale i.e. they fell
under category F4 and f5.This is much higher in comparison to the normal
tornado formation which is little more than 1%.
Creating a Histogram for the Distribution of Tornado Duration
2. Time taken by tornado:
a) Create a histogram that displays the distribution of tornado duration for all
the tornadoes. (2 pts)
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4. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Frequency
Tornado Duration
Tornado duration
Explaining the Distribution of Tornado Duration According To the Figure Generated
b) Is this a normal distribution? (explain)
No, this is not a normal distribution as it highly positively skewed with longer right
tail. For a distribution to be normally distributed, the graph looks like a bell curve
which peaks at the center and the data is evenly spread around the center and as we
move far away from the mean, the frequency starts to decrease and there is very little
data in the tails.
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5. Generating 6 Histograms That Show Tornado Duration for Each F-Scale
3. The duration of tornados for F-scale categories.
a. Generate 6 histograms that show tornado duration for each F-scale category. (6 pts)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
More
Frequency
Tornado duration
Tornado duration for F0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Frequency
Tornado duration
Tornado duration for F1
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6. 0
2
4
6
8
10
Frequency
Tornado duration
Tornado duration for F2
0
5
10
15
Frequency
Tornado duration
Tornado duration for F3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Frequency
Tornado duration
Tornado duration for F4
0
1
2
3
4
< 30 30-40 40-50 50-60 > 60
Frequency
Tornado duration
Tornado duration for F5
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7. Explaining the Relationship between Duration and Intensity
b. Is there a relationship between duration and intensity (the F-scale category)?
Describe. (2 pts)
It can be seen that the lower the intensity (F-scale category), lower is the duration as the
number of tornado durations range from 1 to 10 with the exception of one tornado whose
duration is 30. This scale changes to “<5”, “5-10”, ….”>30” in F1, F2. It further changes
to “<10”, “10-20”, ….”>60” in F3 and F4 and to “<30”, “30-40”, ……”>60” in F5.
Thus, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship between duration and intensity i.e.
higher the intensity, higher is the duration and vice versa.
4. Death count and tornado intensity.
a. Generate a bar chart to show the relationship between tornado intensity
(x axis) and f deaths (y axis). (2 pts)
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8. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
Number
of
deaths
F-scale
Tornado intensity and number of deaths
b. The severest tornadoes) account for not less than 70% of deaths. Is this death
distribution consistent with the observation? What is the relationship? (2 pts)
In the given data, the most severe tornadoes F-4 (42.3%) and F-5 (42.6%) accounts for
about 85% of deaths which is more than 70% of the deaths. And thus, death distribution
of this outbreak is consistent with this observation. Thus, the most severe tornadoes
seem to be very deadly.
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9. Creating a Bar Chart for the Relationship between Community Size and Deaths
5. Number of deaths and community size
Create a bar chart that shows the relationship between community size (x axis),
and deaths (y axis). (2 pts)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rural areas Small
communities
Small cities Medium
cities
Large cities
Number
of
deaths
Community size
Deaths
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10. a. Are tornadoes more likely to strike rural areas? Are number of deaths a function of
community size? (2 pts)
About 32% of the deaths due to tornadoes have occurred in rural areas and thus, tornadoes
more likely to strike rural areas. Moreover, smaller the community size, larger are the
number of deaths and thus, number of deaths is a function of community size.
6. Summary of the Project.
It took about three hours to complete the assignment. It was interesting. The instructions file
was helpful. Creating graphs in excel was the part that I enjoyed the most.
Writing a Summary of the Project
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