The development of any country relies upon the transportation modes, networks and the manners by which they are being kept up with. Similar turns out to be true for second highest populated and developing country like India. For interfacing the regions and keeping up with smooth progression of traffic, the construction of new and developed roads are a must. A similar will be accomplished with the execution of the Bharatmala project. Under the plan, a large group of new roads will be set down in the country. Total road construction as per the draft of the scheme, government and the ministry will strive to complete new roads, which will add up to a 34, 800 kms. National highways account for 2 of the total road network and carry over 40 of complete traffic. Highway development in India expanded at 17.00 CAGR between FY16 FY21. In spite of pandemic and lockdown, India has developed 13,298 km of highways in FY21. In FY21, 13,298 kms of highway was developed across India. India Union Minister Nitin Gadkari announced that India holds the world record for fastest road construction. India has entered Guinness World Records by building a 2.5 km 4 lane concrete road within 24 hours. National Highways Authority of India NHAI plans to construct national highways in 2022 23 at a pace of 50 km per day.The need for sustainable bitumen highway design and construction is becoming a priority within the transportation industry. This trend is necessitated by the high diminishing rate of construction materials, pressing demand on existing landfill sites, rising dumping fees, and reduced emissions into the environment. Recycled Concrete Aggregates RCA as sustainable aggregates in Hot Mix Asphalt HMA is therefore investigated in this research article. This study examined the incorporation of various fractions of RCA at 25 , 50 , 75 and 100 replacement to fresh aggregate. Harman Singh | Shivani "Analytical Study of Recycled Concrete Aggregate as Partial Replacement of Natural Aggregate in Bitumen Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50306.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50306/analytical-study-of-recycled-concrete-aggregate-as-partial-replacement-of-natural-aggregate-in-bitumen-concrete/harman-singh
A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chipsijtsrd
Concrete is one in all the principal wide utilized development materials in the world. Regular assets rises a developing worry for shielding the environmental factors and a need to save common assets, by different material which territory unit reused or waste materials during this examination, an investigation was applied on the work of reused elastic tires as a fractional substitution for coarse Aggregates in Concrete development utilizing provincially reachable waste tires. In the principal a piece of this proposal, the foundation of the investigation The examination was applied by leading tests on the Waste materials to see their properties and reasonableness for the analysis. Concrete Was prepared comprising of 3 Concrete evaluations M20 and M25 . The examples were made with extent substitutions of the coarse blend by ten, twenty five and fifty endeavor elastic blend. Besides, an orientation join with no substitution of the coarse blend was made to make a similar examination. The arrangements of tests led are droop, unit weight, compressive quality, lastingness, sway obstruction and flexural quality tests. the data collection was predominantly upheld the tests led on the prepared examples inside the research center. The check results were contrasted and the few run of the mill Concrete properties and show that theres a rebate in compressive quality of the Concrete as a result of the consideration of elastic Aggregates. yet this could constrain its utilization in some auxiliary applications, it has hardly any alluring attributes like lower thickness, higher effect opposition, expanded versatility, and a little increment in flexural quality inside the lower compressive quality Concrete classifications. the outcomes demonstrate that its capability to utilize reused elastic tires in Concrete development as a halfway swap for coarse Aggregates. no different, the extent of substitution should be confined to a minor amount and furthermore the application should be limited to express cases any place the improved properties due to the elastic Aggregates zone unit entrancing. Anuj Nehra | Er. Nitin Thakur "A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chips" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33447.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33447/a-research-on-study-the-behaviour-of-concrete-using-waste-tires-chips/anuj-nehra
Effect of Acid and Sea Water Curing in Recycled Aggregate Concrete and Streng...paperpublications3
Abstract: Environmental issues such as climate change and associated global warming, depletion of natural resource and biodiversity, water and soil pollution, generation of huge amount of waste materials and their disposal are some of great challenges faced by present day civilization. Recycling of materials and reuse of the material is very important. Recycled concrete aggregates are used in concrete in replacement of nominal concrete aggregates 20mm and grit aggregates, replacement of 50%. Different various percentage of aggregate replacement gives optimum replacement content 50% in mix design of M20 without admixture using. Cubes are curing in sea water solution and H2SO4 + HCl acid solution. After duration of 28 day, 56 day and 90 day considering mass loss of 0.07633%, 0.157% and 8.4767% recycled aggregates to nominal cubes for acid curing, and strength will achieved at end of 28 days and 56 day, strength is decreased 4% and at the end of 90 days strength will decreased 4% and same as mass loss. The porosity and voids are generated due to curing of specific condition.
Natural resources are vanishing universal while at the similar time the generated wastes from the industry are
growing substantially. The sustainable development for construction requires the use of nonconventional and
innovative materials, and recycling of demolished and waste materials so to compensate the lack of natural
resources and to find alternative ways of conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the consequences
of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the power-driven properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate (sand) was swapped with Copper Slag (CS) while coarse aggregates were swapped by used and
recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) from demolished structure or building. Both the coarse and fine
aggregate were replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, of Copper Slag by
weight ratio. Tests were performed for properties of new concrete and toughened Concrete simultaneously.
Slump test was conducted to regulate the workability of the several design concrete mix. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing completely.
The results show that workability shrinkages slightly with rise in Copper Slag ratio, however workability for
the illustrations were within the prearranged boundary for M25 concrete. Test results shown substantial
enhancement in the strength assets of simple concrete by the insertion of CS alone whereas a reverse tendency
in observed for growing proportion of RCA in the illustration. The result of this study work displayed that
Copper slag in addition recycled concrete aggregate can be efficiently used in physical concrete as a standby of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) respectively.
Effect of mineral admixtures on characteristics of high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
There is great need to conserve all the natural resources. The various steps to be adopted in the direction that includes minimization of production of energy consuming materials and heavy utilization of industrial by-products. High strength concrete can be produce using such materials like fly ash, slag and silica fumes. In many countries, these materials are already used in manufacturing of concrete. Some of these material can be used as replacement for cement. Ultimately it results in the reduction of the cost manufacturing of concrete and reduces environmental pollution. To study the effect of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag and silica fume on mechanical properties of high strength concrete under the uniaxial compression and split tensile, experimental studies have been conducted. The cement was replaced by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with fly ash and slag respectively. The compressive strength and split tensile test were conducted on concrete specimen with different percentages of fly ash and slag at age of 7 days, 28 days and 56 days. This study shows that materials used in this experiment are suitable for HSC.
Keywords: environmental pollution, fly ash, slag and silica fumes
Evaluation of Design Mix Bituminous Concrete using Plastic Waste in Road Pave...ijtsrd
Todays high traffic intensity in terms of commercial vehicles and the significant daily and seasonal temperature variation place us in a challenging situation where we must consider some alternatives for improving the characteristics and quality of the pavement by implementing some necessary modifications that will satisfy both the strength and the economic aspects. Taking into account the environmental perspective as well, there is significant environmental damage as a result of the excessive usage of polythene in daily operations. The requirement of the hour is to use the leftover polythene for some advantageous purposes because polythene is not biodegradable. Niraj Kumar | Rajesh Misra | Dr. Abhay Kumar Jha "Evaluation of Design Mix Bituminous Concrete using Plastic Waste in Road Pavement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51718.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/51718/evaluation-of-design-mix-bituminous-concrete-using-plastic-waste-in-road-pavement/niraj-kumar
Performance Evolution of Modified Bituminous Concrete Mix Using Waste Plasticijtsrd
Generally a bituminous mixture is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and binder. A Hot Mix Asphalt is a bituminous mixture where all constituents are mixed, placed and compacted at high temperature. HMA can be Dense Graded mixes DGM known as Bituminous Concrete BC . Bituminous mix is generally used as a surface course and wearing course in flexible pavements since it is necessary that the wearing course must provide a smooth riding surface that is dense and at the same time take up wear and tear due to traffic. The development of transportation plays an important role in the development of nation. With flexible pavements being widely used in India, steps must be taken to increase the life of the bituminous pavements. Flexible pavements are often plagued with problems of cracking and rutting due to repeated traffic loads. Hence one needs to address these problems in order to improve the performance of flexible pavements. Pankaj Singh | Dr. Rajeev Singh Parihar | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Performance Evolution of Modified Bituminous Concrete Mix Using Waste Plastic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46356.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46356/performance-evolution-of-modified-bituminous-concrete-mix-using-waste-plastic/pankaj-singh
A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chipsijtsrd
Concrete is one in all the principal wide utilized development materials in the world. Regular assets rises a developing worry for shielding the environmental factors and a need to save common assets, by different material which territory unit reused or waste materials during this examination, an investigation was applied on the work of reused elastic tires as a fractional substitution for coarse Aggregates in Concrete development utilizing provincially reachable waste tires. In the principal a piece of this proposal, the foundation of the investigation The examination was applied by leading tests on the Waste materials to see their properties and reasonableness for the analysis. Concrete Was prepared comprising of 3 Concrete evaluations M20 and M25 . The examples were made with extent substitutions of the coarse blend by ten, twenty five and fifty endeavor elastic blend. Besides, an orientation join with no substitution of the coarse blend was made to make a similar examination. The arrangements of tests led are droop, unit weight, compressive quality, lastingness, sway obstruction and flexural quality tests. the data collection was predominantly upheld the tests led on the prepared examples inside the research center. The check results were contrasted and the few run of the mill Concrete properties and show that theres a rebate in compressive quality of the Concrete as a result of the consideration of elastic Aggregates. yet this could constrain its utilization in some auxiliary applications, it has hardly any alluring attributes like lower thickness, higher effect opposition, expanded versatility, and a little increment in flexural quality inside the lower compressive quality Concrete classifications. the outcomes demonstrate that its capability to utilize reused elastic tires in Concrete development as a halfway swap for coarse Aggregates. no different, the extent of substitution should be confined to a minor amount and furthermore the application should be limited to express cases any place the improved properties due to the elastic Aggregates zone unit entrancing. Anuj Nehra | Er. Nitin Thakur "A Research on Study the Behaviour of Concrete using Waste Tires Chips" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33447.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33447/a-research-on-study-the-behaviour-of-concrete-using-waste-tires-chips/anuj-nehra
Effect of Acid and Sea Water Curing in Recycled Aggregate Concrete and Streng...paperpublications3
Abstract: Environmental issues such as climate change and associated global warming, depletion of natural resource and biodiversity, water and soil pollution, generation of huge amount of waste materials and their disposal are some of great challenges faced by present day civilization. Recycling of materials and reuse of the material is very important. Recycled concrete aggregates are used in concrete in replacement of nominal concrete aggregates 20mm and grit aggregates, replacement of 50%. Different various percentage of aggregate replacement gives optimum replacement content 50% in mix design of M20 without admixture using. Cubes are curing in sea water solution and H2SO4 + HCl acid solution. After duration of 28 day, 56 day and 90 day considering mass loss of 0.07633%, 0.157% and 8.4767% recycled aggregates to nominal cubes for acid curing, and strength will achieved at end of 28 days and 56 day, strength is decreased 4% and at the end of 90 days strength will decreased 4% and same as mass loss. The porosity and voids are generated due to curing of specific condition.
Natural resources are vanishing universal while at the similar time the generated wastes from the industry are
growing substantially. The sustainable development for construction requires the use of nonconventional and
innovative materials, and recycling of demolished and waste materials so to compensate the lack of natural
resources and to find alternative ways of conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the consequences
of an experimental study carried out to evaluate the power-driven properties of concrete mixtures in which fine
aggregate (sand) was swapped with Copper Slag (CS) while coarse aggregates were swapped by used and
recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) from demolished structure or building. Both the coarse and fine
aggregate were replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, of Copper Slag by
weight ratio. Tests were performed for properties of new concrete and toughened Concrete simultaneously.
Slump test was conducted to regulate the workability of the several design concrete mix. Compressive strength
and split tensile strength were determined at 7, 28 days of curing completely.
The results show that workability shrinkages slightly with rise in Copper Slag ratio, however workability for
the illustrations were within the prearranged boundary for M25 concrete. Test results shown substantial
enhancement in the strength assets of simple concrete by the insertion of CS alone whereas a reverse tendency
in observed for growing proportion of RCA in the illustration. The result of this study work displayed that
Copper slag in addition recycled concrete aggregate can be efficiently used in physical concrete as a standby of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) respectively.
Effect of mineral admixtures on characteristics of high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
There is great need to conserve all the natural resources. The various steps to be adopted in the direction that includes minimization of production of energy consuming materials and heavy utilization of industrial by-products. High strength concrete can be produce using such materials like fly ash, slag and silica fumes. In many countries, these materials are already used in manufacturing of concrete. Some of these material can be used as replacement for cement. Ultimately it results in the reduction of the cost manufacturing of concrete and reduces environmental pollution. To study the effect of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag and silica fume on mechanical properties of high strength concrete under the uniaxial compression and split tensile, experimental studies have been conducted. The cement was replaced by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with fly ash and slag respectively. The compressive strength and split tensile test were conducted on concrete specimen with different percentages of fly ash and slag at age of 7 days, 28 days and 56 days. This study shows that materials used in this experiment are suitable for HSC.
Keywords: environmental pollution, fly ash, slag and silica fumes
Evaluation of Design Mix Bituminous Concrete using Plastic Waste in Road Pave...ijtsrd
Todays high traffic intensity in terms of commercial vehicles and the significant daily and seasonal temperature variation place us in a challenging situation where we must consider some alternatives for improving the characteristics and quality of the pavement by implementing some necessary modifications that will satisfy both the strength and the economic aspects. Taking into account the environmental perspective as well, there is significant environmental damage as a result of the excessive usage of polythene in daily operations. The requirement of the hour is to use the leftover polythene for some advantageous purposes because polythene is not biodegradable. Niraj Kumar | Rajesh Misra | Dr. Abhay Kumar Jha "Evaluation of Design Mix Bituminous Concrete using Plastic Waste in Road Pavement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51718.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/51718/evaluation-of-design-mix-bituminous-concrete-using-plastic-waste-in-road-pavement/niraj-kumar
Performance Evolution of Modified Bituminous Concrete Mix Using Waste Plasticijtsrd
Generally a bituminous mixture is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and binder. A Hot Mix Asphalt is a bituminous mixture where all constituents are mixed, placed and compacted at high temperature. HMA can be Dense Graded mixes DGM known as Bituminous Concrete BC . Bituminous mix is generally used as a surface course and wearing course in flexible pavements since it is necessary that the wearing course must provide a smooth riding surface that is dense and at the same time take up wear and tear due to traffic. The development of transportation plays an important role in the development of nation. With flexible pavements being widely used in India, steps must be taken to increase the life of the bituminous pavements. Flexible pavements are often plagued with problems of cracking and rutting due to repeated traffic loads. Hence one needs to address these problems in order to improve the performance of flexible pavements. Pankaj Singh | Dr. Rajeev Singh Parihar | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Performance Evolution of Modified Bituminous Concrete Mix Using Waste Plastic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46356.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46356/performance-evolution-of-modified-bituminous-concrete-mix-using-waste-plastic/pankaj-singh
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of scc and rca for sustainable construction – eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a brief review on the sustainability in building construction, environmental protection with respect to construction industry, constitutional provisions of environmental act and issues of environmental management plan (EMP). Also, Special emphasis is given on use of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for sustainability. SCC has significant environmental advantages in comparison to the vibrated concrete; absence of noise pollution and vibrations during construction provides a healthier working environment. In this paper, the potential for usage of coarse recycled aggregate obtained from crushed concrete for making self-compacting concrete was discussed, emphasizing its ecological value. The use of RCA contributes to the environment by solving the issue of waste disposal due to the demolition of old structures and also conserving the natural resources (Coarse Aggregate). Keywords: Sustainability, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste, Environmental Act, Environmental Management Plan
Analysis of Soil Stabilization by Utilizing Iron Mineral by Products Steel Slagijtsrd
The huge measure of modern waste as expanded step by step and transfer turns into an intense issue. it is important to use the steel slag waste. Steel slag is a result gotten from steel industry. It is created as a buildup during the generation of steel. Due to the high transfer cost as a waste material and the general positive highlights of steel slag, it has been pronounced a valuable development material. The measure of age is around 24 lacs mt for every year from various steel ventures in the india. The growing needs for fully furnished highways in the developed countries has led engineers to search for the durable cost effective measure for roadway construction. The basic necessity for suitable base course for roads is an important aspect in construction. The paper aims at utilizing the common waste materials for the improvement of roads. One such material that was analyzed in the paper for the execution of road work is the steel slag which is furnished in tones in the steel factories across the country. The use of the material is found to have improved the sub grade properties of soil to a good extent. Nitesh | Sumesh Jain "Analysis of Soil Stabilization by Utilizing Iron Mineral by Products (Steel Slag)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25190.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25190/analysis-of-soil-stabilization-by-utilizing-iron-mineral-by-products-steel-slag/nitesh
Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Trafficijtsrd
In India, total building waste is projected to be between 12 and 14 million tonnes per year, with concrete and brick trash accounting for 7 to 8 million tonnes. Concrete trash is generated in vast quantities during construction, demolition, and renovation. This trash is either disposed of in a landfill or diverted to one. This concrete waste can be recycled in a high quality manner. We offer the notion of sustainable use of concrete waste in concrete that can be utilised to make interlocking paver blocks in this study. After crushing, this concrete waste can be used as a total or half replacement for coarse and fine aggregates in paver blocks in two steps, according to IS. Deepak Brijpuria | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar | Rajesh Kumar Misra "Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Traffic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46338/evaluation-of-demolition-waste-aggregates-in-paver-blocks-for-medium-traffic/deepak-brijpuria
Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concreteijtsrd
A well maintained infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements is challenging. Concrete as a construction material is in use for several decades. Concrete can withstand the severest environments and engineers are constantly trying to improve its performance with the aid of modern admixtures and waste materials with or without cementious properties. The use of waste material in concrete helps to consume these waste materials and also improves the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.Civil structures are designed considering the target compressive strength of the concrete. Although, few other parameters such as workability, water to cement ratio, setting time of cement and surface hardness influence the performance of concrete.In the present research a series of experiments had been performed to compare the use of Steel Slag as partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Concrete mixes are modified by 5 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 of Steel Slag as replacement of cement.The main conclusions drawn are inclusion of Steel Slag increases the compressive strength up to a certain proportion and then reduces the strength. Steel powder increases the strength but reduces the workability. Comparatively higher early strength gain 3 days, 14 days, 28 days is obtained with Steel Slag concrete. Pushpa | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma "Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49129/effect-of-steel-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-on-property-of-concrete/pushpa
Evolution Properties of Paver Blocks Using Waste Foundry Sand in Concreteijtsrd
Solid unreinforced pre cast cement concrete paver blocks is a versatile, aesthetically attractive, functional, cost effective and requires little or no maintenance if correctly manufactured and laid. Paver blocks can be used for different traffic categories i.e. Non traffic, Light traffic, Medium traffic, Heavy traffic and Very heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M 40 grade of 80mm thickness for medium traffic with varying percentage of nylon fiber 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 , 0.5 is used to improve the compressive strength is casted. After finding optimum percentage of nylon fiber, it has now become very important to look as for the alternative source for natural materials used in concrete i.e. gravels and natural sand. Waste foundry sand WFS is a propitious material that can be used as an alternative for the naturals and i.e. fine aggregates in concrete. The thesis demonstrates the potential of re use for waste foundry sand i.e. industrial by product as a substitute of a fine aggregate in concrete. The fine aggregates i.e. natural sand are replaced with WFS in Three different substitution rates i.e. 2.5 , 5 , 10 , . Several tests were performed to examine the mechanical properties i.e. compressive strength, and flexural strength as well as the durability of concrete. Rajat Singh Rajput | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "Evolution Properties of Paver Blocks Using Waste Foundry Sand in Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47703.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47703/evolution-properties-of-paver-blocks-using-waste-foundry-sand-in-concrete/rajat-singh-rajput
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Modifications of construction materials have an important bearing on the building sector. Several attempts have been therefore made in the building material industry to put to use waste material products, e.g., worn out tyres, into useful and cost effective items. Success in this regard will contribute to the reduction of waste material dumping problems by utilizing the waste materials as raw material for other products. The present proposal involves a comprehensive laboratory study for the newer application of this waste material in the preparation of fibrous concrete. The primary objective of investigation is to study the strength behavior i.e. compressive strength, impact resistance of rubberized concrete with rubber chips. Volume variation of rubber chips with replacement to course aggregate. The proposed work is aimed to study the effect of volume of rubber chips on the compressive strength. Chetak A. Waghmare | Dr. P. P. Saklecha | Prof. M. M. Lohe "Experimental Study on Rubberized Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43718.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43718/experimental-study-on-rubberized-concrete/chetak-a-waghmare
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of scc and rca for sustainable construction – eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a brief review on the sustainability in building construction, environmental protection with respect to construction industry, constitutional provisions of environmental act and issues of environmental management plan (EMP). Also, Special emphasis is given on use of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for sustainability. SCC has significant environmental advantages in comparison to the vibrated concrete; absence of noise pollution and vibrations during construction provides a healthier working environment. In this paper, the potential for usage of coarse recycled aggregate obtained from crushed concrete for making self-compacting concrete was discussed, emphasizing its ecological value. The use of RCA contributes to the environment by solving the issue of waste disposal due to the demolition of old structures and also conserving the natural resources (Coarse Aggregate). Keywords: Sustainability, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste, Environmental Act, Environmental Management Plan
Analysis of Soil Stabilization by Utilizing Iron Mineral by Products Steel Slagijtsrd
The huge measure of modern waste as expanded step by step and transfer turns into an intense issue. it is important to use the steel slag waste. Steel slag is a result gotten from steel industry. It is created as a buildup during the generation of steel. Due to the high transfer cost as a waste material and the general positive highlights of steel slag, it has been pronounced a valuable development material. The measure of age is around 24 lacs mt for every year from various steel ventures in the india. The growing needs for fully furnished highways in the developed countries has led engineers to search for the durable cost effective measure for roadway construction. The basic necessity for suitable base course for roads is an important aspect in construction. The paper aims at utilizing the common waste materials for the improvement of roads. One such material that was analyzed in the paper for the execution of road work is the steel slag which is furnished in tones in the steel factories across the country. The use of the material is found to have improved the sub grade properties of soil to a good extent. Nitesh | Sumesh Jain "Analysis of Soil Stabilization by Utilizing Iron Mineral by Products (Steel Slag)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25190.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25190/analysis-of-soil-stabilization-by-utilizing-iron-mineral-by-products-steel-slag/nitesh
Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Trafficijtsrd
In India, total building waste is projected to be between 12 and 14 million tonnes per year, with concrete and brick trash accounting for 7 to 8 million tonnes. Concrete trash is generated in vast quantities during construction, demolition, and renovation. This trash is either disposed of in a landfill or diverted to one. This concrete waste can be recycled in a high quality manner. We offer the notion of sustainable use of concrete waste in concrete that can be utilised to make interlocking paver blocks in this study. After crushing, this concrete waste can be used as a total or half replacement for coarse and fine aggregates in paver blocks in two steps, according to IS. Deepak Brijpuria | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar | Rajesh Kumar Misra "Evaluation of Demolition Waste Aggregates in Paver Blocks for Medium Traffic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46338/evaluation-of-demolition-waste-aggregates-in-paver-blocks-for-medium-traffic/deepak-brijpuria
Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concreteijtsrd
A well maintained infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements is challenging. Concrete as a construction material is in use for several decades. Concrete can withstand the severest environments and engineers are constantly trying to improve its performance with the aid of modern admixtures and waste materials with or without cementious properties. The use of waste material in concrete helps to consume these waste materials and also improves the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.Civil structures are designed considering the target compressive strength of the concrete. Although, few other parameters such as workability, water to cement ratio, setting time of cement and surface hardness influence the performance of concrete.In the present research a series of experiments had been performed to compare the use of Steel Slag as partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Concrete mixes are modified by 5 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 of Steel Slag as replacement of cement.The main conclusions drawn are inclusion of Steel Slag increases the compressive strength up to a certain proportion and then reduces the strength. Steel powder increases the strength but reduces the workability. Comparatively higher early strength gain 3 days, 14 days, 28 days is obtained with Steel Slag concrete. Pushpa | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma "Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49129/effect-of-steel-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-on-property-of-concrete/pushpa
Evolution Properties of Paver Blocks Using Waste Foundry Sand in Concreteijtsrd
Solid unreinforced pre cast cement concrete paver blocks is a versatile, aesthetically attractive, functional, cost effective and requires little or no maintenance if correctly manufactured and laid. Paver blocks can be used for different traffic categories i.e. Non traffic, Light traffic, Medium traffic, Heavy traffic and Very heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M 40 grade of 80mm thickness for medium traffic with varying percentage of nylon fiber 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 , 0.5 is used to improve the compressive strength is casted. After finding optimum percentage of nylon fiber, it has now become very important to look as for the alternative source for natural materials used in concrete i.e. gravels and natural sand. Waste foundry sand WFS is a propitious material that can be used as an alternative for the naturals and i.e. fine aggregates in concrete. The thesis demonstrates the potential of re use for waste foundry sand i.e. industrial by product as a substitute of a fine aggregate in concrete. The fine aggregates i.e. natural sand are replaced with WFS in Three different substitution rates i.e. 2.5 , 5 , 10 , . Several tests were performed to examine the mechanical properties i.e. compressive strength, and flexural strength as well as the durability of concrete. Rajat Singh Rajput | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "Evolution Properties of Paver Blocks Using Waste Foundry Sand in Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47703.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47703/evolution-properties-of-paver-blocks-using-waste-foundry-sand-in-concrete/rajat-singh-rajput
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Modifications of construction materials have an important bearing on the building sector. Several attempts have been therefore made in the building material industry to put to use waste material products, e.g., worn out tyres, into useful and cost effective items. Success in this regard will contribute to the reduction of waste material dumping problems by utilizing the waste materials as raw material for other products. The present proposal involves a comprehensive laboratory study for the newer application of this waste material in the preparation of fibrous concrete. The primary objective of investigation is to study the strength behavior i.e. compressive strength, impact resistance of rubberized concrete with rubber chips. Volume variation of rubber chips with replacement to course aggregate. The proposed work is aimed to study the effect of volume of rubber chips on the compressive strength. Chetak A. Waghmare | Dr. P. P. Saklecha | Prof. M. M. Lohe "Experimental Study on Rubberized Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43718.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43718/experimental-study-on-rubberized-concrete/chetak-a-waghmare
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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research article aggregate is our prime focus of study
and its reapplication sustainability in bitumen
concrete pavement construction. Talking about
Aggregates formation it can either be natural or
manufactured. Natural aggregates are generally
extracted from quarry extraction in form of rocks.
Extracted rock is typically reduced to usable sizes by
mechanical crushing as per different sizes required by
industries. Manufactured aggregate is often a bye
product of other manufacturing industries.
Aggregate is a collective term for the mineral
materials such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone that
are used with a binding medium such as water,
bitumen, Portland cement, lime, etc. to form
compound materials such as bituminous concrete and
cement concrete.
The coarse aggregates used in road construction
should be able to show resistance to crushing under
the Roller during construction and adequate resistance
to surface abrasion under traffic. The strength of
coarse aggregates is assessed by aggregate impact
value test and aggregate crushing value test.
Resistance to wear or hardness is another essential
property for aggregates used in road construction
especially in wearing course.
1.2. Need of Study
Aim: The ultimate aim of this work is to understand
the reutilisation of recycled aggregates asa partial
replacement of fresh aggregates in bitumen concrete.
Also analytically find out the optimal RCA for M30
grade of concrete.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The suitability of any aggregate for pavement
interlayer is based on certain characteristics. They
include the gradation, angularity, soundness and
solubility [10].
Typically, recycled aggregates have
lower relative densities as well as high water
absorption of about 3 to 10%.
. This is due to the
presence of mortar surrounding the aggregate and
masonry. Also, the presence of micro cracks due to
second crushing, collision, and sliding during
processing affects these aggregates. Furthermore,
Road Construction (RC) have lower crush values and
adhesion levels.
. And also subjective to the vertical
pressure and number of loading cycle.
Different countries have designed various
specification and guidelines for the use of RC in
pavement structure. These specifications differ from
each other considerably. Different standards use
traffic load, field trial, experience, material purity or
material properties to classify RC. A lot of work
needs to be done to provide a detail workable
specifications as most are limited. Developing
countries have not written and public their own
specification.
argued that even without a clear
specification, the use of RC is viable and cost
effective.
The study revealed that recycled aggregates are not
always homogenous. They consist of various type of
material. RAC might consist of ceramic materials, or
bricks. Therefore, a study to examine the effects of
various wastes was designed. The use of different
processing systems was observed. The results showed
that out of the 23 materials tested, 14 met the Spanish
regulation of Los Angeles coefficient less than 40.
Also, others only failed narrowly. The study also
showed that RC had high California Bearing Ratio
(CBR) values. The study encourages the use of RA
with less than 23% masonry for subbase application.
Furthermore, investigation reported that there is no
significant variation in compressive strength, flexural
strength and split tensile strength of concrete made
with RC and NA. However, it stated that there was
increase in water absorption as well as reduced
modulus of elasticity and resistivity. The author
concluded that concrete mixtures needed for
pavement construction can use RC but long field
performance test should be carried out. In this article
author examined the impact of RC (RCA) on asphalt
concrete. The investigation revealed that resilient
modulus of asphalt containing RC reduced as binder
was added. The values obtained with RC were lower
than the control. Stripping potential is higher with
RC. There are significant variations in strength under
moisture conditions. The study recommended a more
comprehensive research into various samples or
content of RCA as it is viable.
A review by mentioned that several works had been
done by through laboratory test. The authors
concluded that RC is suitable for pavement interlayer.
Ranging from CBR tests, permanent deformation
properties, resilient response, degree of compaction,
gradation, shear resistance and stability, examined by
several researcher from various countries, they all
recommended the use of RC in pavement
construction. However, the review mentioned that
soundness test for recycled materials would not be
accurate. It was revealed that cement mortar would
adhere to the aggregate which would increase the loss
in soundness test.
The author carried out a field trial to test the
performance of recycled aggregate to natural
aggregates.The study showed that the use of recycled
aggregate during construction would demand more
water for compaction. However, the result from the
dynamic monitoring test showed that the recycled
aggregate was better. It concluded that a combination
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of concrete waste (75%), asphalt (20%) and ceramic
material (5%), would provide a satisfactory load-
bearing capacity similar to what a natural aggregate
would provide. Some reports have stated that recycled
aggregate provides more volume than conversional
aggregates for the same weight.
The ability of RC to provide the required
characteristics necessary for it suitabilityin pavement
construction has being well researched. Depending on
the specification for sub-base and base course,
different research works have mentioned that it
satisfies various specifications and requirements.
However, more research into the stress state and
permanent strains of RC should be done as asserted
by. The durability as well as the aggregate
characteristics as regards shrinkage and self-
cementing should be examined. Different studies
have mentioned that the higher alkali content in RC
should be examined. More studies into RC gradation
especially fine grains should be done less than 1.18
mm. Also, effects of different pozzolans on RC
concrete should be explored.
The next step would be more field trials especially in
developing countries. When RC do not meet the
specification, stabilization can be carried out to
improve the properties of the RC However, attention
must be placed on the resilient modulus due to effects
of hydration process.
In any typical asphalt pavement, 4-5% of the structure
is bitumen. This bitumen portion can be re- laid every
10 to 20 years depending on it performance. The
removal is done with a milling machine, then sorted
and batched afterward. RAP can be used as the
asphalt layer again as part of the asphalt mixture.
Asphalt can be recycled 100%.
Wastes such as Fly ash FA, Waste lime, Cement kiln
dust (CKD), have been explored as fillers for asphalt
mixture. Studies have shown that the inclusion of
these and fine RC would have negative impact on
asphalt mixture instead improving its engineering
characteristics. They are effective and economical.
Utilised recycled fine aggregates powder as a filler in
asphalt mixture. The study revealed that properties
such as water sensitivity, high-temperature properties
and fatigue resistance were improved on. Conversely,
the low temperature performance decreased.
The research of compared the performance of
recycled brick powder and limestone stone filler as
asphalt filler. The brick powder was obtained by
drying washed brick at 80°C for 10 hours. After
which the brick was grounded using a jaw crusher
and ball mill for 15 minutes. The study carried out
water sensitivity tests, indirect tensile tests, static and
dynamic creep tests and fatigue tests. The tests were
carried out in accordance to AASHTO T-283,
AASHTO TP31 and AASHTO T-321 respectively.
Drain down test according to AASHTO T-305 was
performed. The material compared had similar
properties. However, the recycled brick powder had
higher specific surface area and absorption. The study
observed that the asphalt with recycled brick filler
and concrete aggregate had better indirect tensile
modulus, decreased permanent deformation at 60°C
as well as improved fatigue life and water sensitive.
More research needs to be carried out, as recycled
brick powder would varies from place to place.
For recycled aggregate to be used in asphalt mixes,
the moisture content must be low. An increase in the
moisture content by 1% would require 10% more fuel
per tonne. Consequently, several reports have stated
that the reduction of the aggregate moisture content
by 2%, would save 8.7 kWh and 2.02 kg CO2 per ton.
The environmental and economic impact of various
disposal methods of CDW were evaluated using
dynamic model. The study revealed that recycling
was the best method. Theoretically, recycling 20% of
CDW would reduce the cost over a 20 year period. It
concluded by reinforcing the facts that recycling
helps to conserve raw materials and landfills space,
reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) and costs
to mitigate pollution. Author stated that recycling of
aggregates requires about 4.0 kg CO2 per tonne,
which is 22 to 46% lower than the convention
aggregate. The utilization of 50% RC during in road
construction would reduce the embodied energy and
GHG emission of material component by 23%. The
use of RC helps to reduce GHG emission by 65%
while saving 58% non-renewable energy
consumption.
3. MATERIALS
The material used in this research article is as follows
A. Portland Pozzolonic Cement (Ultra-Tech
Cement): Portland Pozzolonic cement confirming
to IS 1489 (Part 2): 1991 is used for testing
purpose with specific gravity of 3.15 of ultra-tech
cement. The was fresh and without any lumps.
Cement was carefully stored to prevent
deterioration in its properties due to contact with
the moisture.
B. Natural Coarse Aggregate: Two grades of coarse
aggregate that is 10 mm and 20 mm are used in
present study. Aggregates procured from local
vendor and the main source is Yamuna Nagar
Quarries
C. Recycled Coarse Aggregate: The aggregate
attached with mortar collected from construction
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site and demolition site to reuse for new
construction from Ambala city. The size varies
from 4.75 mm to 20 mm in size.
D. Sand: The most important function of the fine
aggregate is to assist in producing workability and
uniformity in mixture. The fine aggregate assist
the cement paste to hold the coarse aggregate
particles in suspension. Natural sand from
Yamuna river bed is used in this study from local
UP river. Depending upon the particle size
distribution IS: 383-1970 has divided the fine
aggregate into four grading zones (Grade I to IV).
The conforming to Grade of used sand is Zone I.
E. Water: Portable tap water is used in this study
which is free from salts and other chemicals.
4. METHODOLOGY
This is the section of article which will explains how
the research will carried out, from where the data will
be collected, the sort of data gathering techniques
used, and so forth. Following is the overall
methodology shown in flow diagram.
5. TEST AND RESULT
5.1. Compressive Strength
Compressive strength of concrete is one of the most
important and useful properties. Concrete is
employed primarily to resist compressive stresses.
When a plain concrete member is subjected to
compression, the failure of the member takes place, in
its vertical plane along the diagonal. A flow in the
concrete, which is in the form of micro crack along
the vertical axis of the member will take place on the
application of axial compression load and propagate
further due to the lateral tensile strains. The results of
the compressive strength tests, as well as the findings
of the study will be illustrated in following section.
5.2. Compressive Test
Experimental investigation of fresh mix properties of
prepared sample (A to E) was conducted based on IS:
516 – 1959. The compressive strength was measured
7 and 28 day after appropriate curing and specimens
were taken for various investigation is as per standard
size specified in IS codes that is cube with a 150 mm
side in compressive strength testing machine as
shown in following future 1.
Fig. 1: Test of Concrete for Compressive
Strength
The sample will be tested in compressive strength
testingmachineto determinecompressivestrength. The
machine receives the 150mm sample size that was
casted for the test. The load was applied uniformly and
increased graduallyat 16 N/mm2
without causingshock
to the sample until the sample's resistance to the
growing load was broken. The compressivestrength of
a particular mix is determined by averaging three
cubes across all mixes. Following table shows the
compressive strength test results after 7 and 28 days of
curing, respectively.
Table 1 Results of Compressive Strength Test on Concrete Cube after 7 Days of Curing
Sr. No. Mix Design Wt of cube (kg)
Compressive strength after 7 days (N/mm2
)
Individual Average
1
Mix A
(0%
RAP)
8.294 29.35
27.32
2 8.147 27.90
3 8.188 24.71
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4
Mix B
(25%
RAP)
8.088 25.33
24.21
5 8.070 24.00
6 7.935 23.32
7
Mix C
(50%
RAP)
7.991 14.59
17.42
8 7.843 17.54
9 8.137 18.89
10
Mix D
(75%
RAP)
7.997 13.35
16.95
11 7.771 18.70
12 8.068 17.80
13
Mix E
(100%
RAP)
8.083 17.80
16.35
14 7.946 14.19
15 8.095 16.88
Table 2 Results of Compressive Strength Test on Concrete Cube after 28 Days of Curing
Sr. No. Mix Design Wt of cube (kg)
Compressive strength after 7 days (N/mm2
)
Individual Average
1
Mix A
(0%
RAP)
8.338 39.39
38.09
2 8.418 38.29
3 8.166 37.29
4
Mix B
(25%
RAP)
7.886 36.00
35.22
5 7.971 35.44
6 8.095 35.52
7
Mix C
(50%
RAP)
8.073 30.13
31.39
8 7.924 30.23
9 8.145 33.80
10
Mix D
(75%
RAP)
7.845 28.90
28.99
11 7.762 30.19
12 7.934 28.39
13
Mix E
(100%
RAP)
7.926 24.00
25.49
14 7.841 26.19
15 7.965 27.09
As demonstrated in Table 3, there is a considerable difference in getting the strength between the average
compressive strength of 7 days and 28 days curing. As a general rule, mixing RAP slows the rate of increase in
compressive strength when compared to virgin aggregate.
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Table 3 Summary of Compressive Strength of Different Mixes after 7 And 28 Days
Sr. no Mix design
Avg. compressive strength
after 7 days curing
Avg. Compressive strength
after 28 days curing
1 Mix A (0% RAP) 26.89 39.36
2 Mix B(P)25%RA) 24.09 35.69
3 Mix C (50% RAP) 17.04 31.39
4 Mix (75%) 16.59 29.21
5 Mix E (100% RAP) 16.29 25.81
5.3. Flexure Tensile
Flexural strength is one measure of the tensile strength of concrete. It is a measure of an unreinforced concrete
beam to resist failure in bending. In our study beam size 500 mm X 100 mm 100 mm were prepared for testing
the flexural strength. The sample's Centre line is precisely aligned with the loading device's Centre line. After
properly positioning both the sample and the loading equipment, the load is applied until the sample fails without
shock and thesevere fibrestress grows at arateofapproximately7kg/cm2
perminute.Theflexuraltensilestrengthofa
sample is the highest tensile load it can bear before breaking.
5.4. Flexure Test
Experimental investigation of fresh mix properties of reinforced concrete was conducted based on IS: 516 –
1959. The Flexural strength of each specimen was determined using IS: 516 -1959. The flexural tensile strengths
were measured 7 and 28 day of testing. Following are apparatus and equipment used in the study.
Beam mould of size 15 x 15x 70 cm, when size of aggregate is less than 38 mm and tamping bar which is 40 cm
long, approximately weighing 2 kg and tamping section having size of 25 mm x 25 mm.
Fig. 2: i) (Left) Standard size of Beam Mould ii) (Right) Mould applied with oil
Sr. no Mix design
Avg. Flexure strength
after 7 days curing
Avg. Flexure strength
after 28 days curing
1 Mix A (0% RAP) 2.15 3.72
2 Mix B(P)25%RA 2.47 3.6
3 Mix C (50% RAP) 2.19 3.79
4 Mix (75%) 1.98 3.14
5 Mix E (100% RAP) 1.92 3.07
6. CONCLUSION
The study to examine the physical and mechanical
properties of RCA used as coarse aggregate in cement
concrete was carried out in this research article.
Various experiments on aggregates (both virgin and
RCA) are carried out in this study to assess their
physical and mechanical qualities. The present study
was undertaken to investigate the compressive
strength and flexure strength of concrete with
different level of replacement of recycled aggregate.
As per current study carried, the compressive strength
of concrete mix (M30) decreases as the percentage of
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50306 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2022 Page 1295
RAP inclusion increases (after 28 days). It was also
discovered that after 28 days, the minimum
compressive strength of the RAP aggregate-based
concrete mix (M30) is roughly 67 percent that of the
fresh concrete mix (M30).
On the other hand flexural tensile strength also shown
similar behaviour for the given concrete mix
decreases (after 28 days). It was also discovered that
after 28 days, the minimum flexural tensile strength
of concrete mix (M30) containing recyclable
aggregate is decreasing for 28 days.
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