The document discusses the evolution of drawing as an engineering discipline from early cave paintings to modern computer-aided design (CAD). It describes how early drawings focused on essential animal outlines but evolved to include greater detail. Key developments included the introduction of perspective techniques in the 15th century, descriptive geometry in the 18th century, and standardized technical drawing in the 19th century. The introduction of CAD systems in the late 20th century revolutionized engineering drawing by allowing digital 2D and 3D modeling.

1. EVOLUTION OF DRAWING AS AN
ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE
Submitted By:
Jubayer Al Mahmud
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
University of Dhaka

2. Topics
 What is drawing?
 Early history of drawing.
 Evolution of drawing.
Introduction of Modern Engineering Drawing.
Introduction of CAD.

3. What is Drawing?
 Drawing is a form of visual art that makes use of any
number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional
medium.
There are several categories of drawing
 Figure drawing
 Cartooning
 Doodling
 Shading
But off course drawing was introduced by cave painting.
People used to paint pictures of their hunted animals.

4. Early History of drawing
 The earliest drawings were
pictures of animals made by
prehistoric man on the cave walls
 The cave artist recorded only
the essential outlines and forms
of animals and did not bother
with details

5. Early History of drawing (15th -16th Century)
 The rebirth of Western drawing in the 15th century came
with the widespread production of paper
 At the same time the artists became interested in
representing in great detail the physical world around them
 In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, artists such as
Raphael, Michelangelo, and Hans Holbein the Younger,
made preliminary studies and sketches before beginning a
painting
 A full-sized drawing, called a cartoon, was often used as
the basis for the final work

6. Early History of drawing (16th -17th Century)
 Michelangelo's red chalk Study for the Libyan Sibyl
(Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) closely
resembles his finished fresco painting in the Sistine Chapel
in the Vatican in Rome
 Other notable draftsmen of the 16th and 17th centuries
include Peter Paul Rubens, who is known for his pen, brush,
and chalk figures

7. Early History of drawing (18th -19th Century)
 During the 18th century, drawing was often used to make
a comment on the artist's period and society.
 The Italian artists Canaletto and Francesco Guardi
recorded their impressions of 18th-century Venice in pen-
and-ink drawings that later provided the basis for their
paintings
 In the 19th century, masterpieces of caricature were
produced by the French artists Honore Daumier

8. Early History of drawing (18th -19th Century) contd.
The English artist William Blake drew in an imaginative
and romantic style
The French artist J.A.D. Ingres achieved a precise
descriptive exactness of line, as in his famous pencil
drawing The Guillon-Lethiere Family

9. Early History of Drawing
(20th Century)
Pablo Picasso was a powerful artist of
20th century
He created the sense of drawing 3D
paintings using oil on canvas
Henri Matisse, Paul Klee, Joan Miro,
Amedeo Modigliani, George Grosz, and
Ben Shahn the artists who have also
contributed to the rich array of
contemporary drawings

10. EVOLUTION OF ENGINEERING
DRAWING

11. Evolution of Drawing (The Beginning)
 No engineering drawing
history would be complete unless
it started with the
mathematician Euclid of
Alexandria (350 B.C.)
 His postulates and axioms are
the foundations of the Euclidian
geometry upon which today's
CAD software systems are built.

12. Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)
 The beginning of contemporary technical drawing
originates from 15th century renaissance artists like the
Italian Architect Filippo Brunelleschi
 He in about 1415 demonstrated the geometrical method
of perspective, used today by artists, by painting the outlines
of various Florentine buildings onto a mirror

13. Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
Leonardo da Vinci further developed perspective and
technical drawing, using geometric principles from famous
Greek mathematicians like Pythagoras of Samos, and Euclid
of Alexandria
While he is well known for his Mona Lisa, he was also a
designer of military machines and forerunners of today’s
industrial machines
While the full extent of his scientific studies has only
become recognized in the last 150 years, he was, during his
lifetime, employed for his engineering and skill of invention

14.  Many of his designs, such as
the movable dikes to protect
Venice from invasion, proved too
costly or impractical
 Some of his smaller inventions
entered the world of
manufacturing unheralded
Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)

15. Evolution of Drawing (18th Century)
 In the 18th century the mathematician
Gaspard Monge developed descriptive
geometry, when designing a complicated
fortress in a star shape using orthographic
projection
 Prior to the 18th century there was no need
for interchangeable parts, the ability to select
components for assembly at random and fit
them together within proper tolerances, and
accurate drawings were not necessary

16. Evolution of Drawing (19th Century)
 Since the Industrial Revolution specialized fields of engineering design
have developed to meet the needs of industry
 Military and civil engineering were the first, from which others developed
such as mechanical, electrical, chemical, aerospace industrial engineering,
and many others
 Eventually the development of the computer had a major impact on the
methods used to design and create technical drawings
 First Drafting Standard was proposed in 1935. During 19th century the
Development of CAD started.

17. Introduction of Modern Engineering Drawing
 Engineering drawing is the discipline of creating standardized
technical drawing by architects, design engineers, and related
professionals
 Technical drawing includes the various fields and technologies
underpinning electronics, which has in turn revolutionized the art with
new tools in the form of Computer Aided Design (CAD)
 More than just the drawing of pictures, it is also a graphical language
that communicates ideas and information from one mind to another

18. Engineering
Drawing
The process of
producing
engineering
drawings is often
referred to as
technical drawing
or drafting.

19. Evolution of Drawing (Introduction of CAD)
 Computer Aided Design, CAD system is a combination of hardware
and software that enables engineers and architects to design
everything from furniture to airplanes.
 Drafting can be done in 2D and 3D.
 In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-
dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been
represented by three projected views at right angles

20. Evolution of Drawing (Introduction of CAD)
 Sir John Herschel discovered the
blueprinting process in 1840 and
introduced it in the United States in
1876 but it was much later before it
was widely used
 He made improvements in
photographic processes, particularly
in inventing the cyanotype process
and variations
 He improved the modern
blueprint process.

21. Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)
 Hanratty is widely credited as “the Father of
CADD/CAM.”
 In 1957, while working at GE, he developed
PRONTO (Program for Numerical Tooling
Operations), the first commercial CNC
programming system.
 Five years later, Sutherland presented his
Ph.D. thesis at MIT titled “Sketchpad, A Man-
Machine Graphical Communication System.”
 Among its features, the first graphical user
interface, using a light pen to manipulate
objects displayed on a CRT.

22. Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)
 Avions Marcel Dassault
created its Dassault Systemes
subsidiary in 1981 and signed a
sales and marketing agreement
allowing IBM to resell the CATIA
CAD software
 CATIA Version 1 was released
in 1982 and the IBM-Dassault
partnership continues to the
present time

23. Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)
 The following year, a group of
programmers formed Autodesk,
and in 1983 released AutoCAD,
the first significant CAD program
for the IBM PC
Lately Auto Desk released 24
versions of Auto CAD from 1983
to 2013

24. References
1. http://www.drawingandpaintinglessons.com/Drawing-
Lessons/The-Evolution-of-Drawing.cfm
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing
3. http://info.cadcam.org/blog/bid/148578/The-Evolution-of-CAD-
Drafting
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design

25. Thank You