This document discusses the process and importance of EV battery recycling, highlighting the separation and extraction of valuable materials like cobalt, nickel, and lithium to promote environmental sustainability and job creation. It points out the challenges in recycling methods, the need for efficient technologies, and the role of government policies in supporting circular business models. It also provides data on the growth of lithium demand and the economic outlook for battery recycling markets.

1. EV BATTERY
Dr. Salem Baidas

2. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY SLIDESHOWS
FROM s2adesign.com
S2ADESIGN.COM

3. DEFINITION
01
BENEFITS
02
CHALLENGES
03
UN POLICY
04
INFOGRAPHICS
05

4. Disassembling and Separating
Battery Components to Extract
Valuable Materials that will be
Used to Produce New Batteries
Conserving Natural Resources
and Reducing Pollution.

9. TRANSPORT
Batteries are Transported
to Recycling Facilities.
SORTING
Batteries are Sorted
Based on their Type
Chemistry & Size.
COLLECTION
Used Batteries are
Collected from EVs
& Receiving Centers.
EV-LECTRON.COM
Steps 1-3
EV BATTERY RECYCLING PROCESS

10. SEPARATION
Components are
Separated from Each
Other to Isolate Valuable
Materials for Recycling.
EXTRACTION
Valuable Materials are
Extracted. This Includes
Cobalt, Nickel & Lithium.
DISASSEMBLY
Batteries are
Disassembled into their
Individual Components.
Steps 4-6
EV BATTERY RECYCLING PROCESS
EV-LECTRON.COM

11. BATTERY MFG
Purified Materials are
Used to Manufacture
New Batteries Completing
the Recycling Loop.
REFINING
Extracted Materials Go
Through a Refining Step
to Remove Impurities.
Steps 7-8
EV BATTERY RECYCLING PROCESS
EV-LECTRON.COM

12. Promotes Battery Circular Economy through Sustainable Material
Management, Reducing Waste, Pollution & Carbon Emissions.
Environmental
Recycling Facilities Require a Skilled Workforce for Disassembly &
Extraction, Creating New Jobs & Fostering Economic Growth.
Jobcreation
Regions are Implementing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Programs to Promote Recycling, Creating an Incentive for the Industry.
Incentive
Reduces Waste Management Costs by Diverting Batteries from
Landfills, Minimizing Environmental Damage & Landfilling Costs.
Cost Saving
Conserves Resources by Reducing Demand for Raw Materials & the
Need for Environmentally Damaging Mining Operations.
preservation
LOHUM.COM
benefits
EV BATTERY RECYCLING

13. Disassembling Lithium Batteries & Extracting Valuable Materials
from their Many Layers is Difficult, Time-Consuming & Costly.
Slow process
Requires a Significant Investment in Recycling Technology &
Changes in the Production & Distribution of Recycled Batteries.
Initial cost
Current Lithium Battery Recycling Methods, such as Pyrometallurgy
are Inefficient & Energy-Intensive.
Inefficiency
The Varied Designs of Lithium Batteries Pose Challenges for Recycling
Facilities, Requiring the Sorting of Batteries by Composition.
complexity
Battery Disassembly is a High Risk Due to the Potential for Fires &
Explosions from the Flammable Materials in the Batteries.
safety
YU ET AL. (2022) CURRENT CHALLENGES IN EFFICIENT LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES RECYCLING.
Barriers & challenges
EV BATTERY RECYCLING

14. Manufacturers Need to Redesign their Batteries for Easy Disassembly
Making the Recycling Process Easier, Quicker & Less Expensive.
Slow process
The High Initial Cost of Financing Battery Recycling is Offset by Cost
Savings from Reduced Waste & Government Incentives.
Initial cost
Battery Recycling Companies Need to Implement more Efficient &
Sustainable Recycling Methods, such as Electro-Hydrometallurgy.
Inefficiency
Battery Manufacturers Need to Improve Battery Reuse & Recycling
Technologies to Reduce Complexity at the End-of-Life Stage.
complexity
Implementing an Industry-Wide Commitment to Safer Materials in
Battery Production can Significantly Enhance Safety & Efficiency.
safety
solutions
ELECTRICHYBRIDVEHICLETECHNOLOGY.COM
EV BATTERY RECYCLING

15. Pyrometallurgy
Uses High Temperatures (1400 °C) to
Extract & Purify Metals. High Energy
Use. High Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
Low Metal Recovery Rates.
Electro-hydrometallurgy
Uses an Electric Current to Extract
Metals from Solution. Low Energy
Use. Low Waste Generation.
High Metal Recovery Rates.
Hydrometallurgy
Uses Acids & Solvents to Dissolve &
Extract Metals. Low Energy Use.
High Liquid Waste Generation.
High Metal Recovery Rates.
DIRECT CATHODE RECYCLING
Directly Regenerates Degraded
Electrode Materials. Low Energy Use
Low Waste Generation. High Metal
Recovery Rates. Labor Intensive.
AQUAMETALS.COM UCSUSA.ORG
RECYCLING Methods
EV BATTERY RECYCLING

16. UNECE.ORG
In 2024, at the Innovation Zero Meeting
in London, the UN-ECE Transformative
Innovation Network (ETIN) Discussed the
Role of Circular Platforms in Promoting
Sustainability in the EV Battery Sector &
Policy Should Incentivize such Circular
Business Models & Encourage Support
& Collaboration Across the Value Chain.
UN Economic Commission for Europe
EV BATTERY RECYCLING

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9.7
6.6
4.1
3.6

19. Global lithium MINERAL demand & OUTLOOK
2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034
310 690 1,072 1,433
1,861
2,453
2,933
3,477
COCHILCO.CL
11X
INCREASE
Thousand metrictons– lithium carbonate equivalent

20. GLOBAL EV lithium battery demand
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
44 81 119 135 168
334
551
IEA.ORG
13X
INCREASE
gigawatt-hours

22. BY APPLICATION (SHARE)
%
APPLICATION
87.0
Batteries
4.0
Ceramicsand glass
2.0
Lubricant greases
1.0
Continuous casting mold powders
1.0
Air treatment
1.0
Medical
GLOBAL MARKET FOR Lithium end-use IN 2023
PUBS.USGS.GOV

23. lithium battery recycling market value & OUTLOOK
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033
3.5 4.3 5.2 6.3 7.6 9.2 11.2
13.5
16.4
19.8
24.0
BISRESEARCH.COM
7X
GROWTH
WORLDWIDE(BILLION DOLLARS)

24. 6
3
2
2
China
Europe
U.S.
World
MCKINSEY.COM
By COUNTRY(BILLION DOLLARS)
Lithium battery recycling revenue outlook for 2030

25. Ev battery recycling market value & OUTLOOK
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
2.3 2.9 3.7 4.7
6.0
7.7
9.8
RESEARCHANDMARKETS.COM
4X
GROWTH
WORLDWIDE(BILLION DOLLARS)

27. Battery material available for recycling & OUTLOOK
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
200
800
1,400
3,400
7,300
37X
INCREASE
WORLDWIDE(KILOTONS)
MCKINSEY.COM

28. supply of EV batteries for recycling& OUTLOOK
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
250 900
1,850
7,850
20,500
83X
INCREASE
WORLDWIDE(KILOTONS)
MCKINSEY.COM

29. 500
200
200
China
U.S.
Europe
BCG.COM
By COUNTRY(THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
EV battery recycling capacity IN 2023

30. S2ADesign.com