The document details European expeditions, particularly focusing on figures like Vasco de Gama and Christopher Columbus, driven by the search for spices, territorial expansion, and the spread of Christianity. It highlights Ferdinand Magellan's journey, which included the first mass in the Philippines and his death at the Battle of Mactan, leading to the eventual completion of the expedition by Juan Sebastián Elcano. The narrative also covers the political dynamics with the papal line of demarcation and the Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal.

1. THE
EUROPEAN
EXPEDITIONS

2. WHAT BROUGHT ABOUT
EUROPEAN EXPEDITIONS?
 In search of spices (chili, pepper, ginger,
cloves)
 To increase territory
 To spread Christianity
 The fall of CONSTANTINOPLE

3. WHAT BROUGHT ABOUT
EUROPEAN EXPEDITIONS?
…and Technology made
EXPLORATION
POSSIBLE!
THERE WERE NEW EQIUPMENT
FOR NAVIGATION…

7. Who is this man? Vasco de Gama
Commandeered
the 1st ships
directly from
Europe to India

8. PORTUGUESE
Worked for the
King of Portugal

9. Who is this Christopher Columbus
man?

10. ITALIAN
Worked for the
King of Spain

11. PORTUGAL SPAIN

12. POPE ALEXANDER VI ISSUED THE
INTER CAETERA PAPAL BULL OF 1493
100 LEAGUES
(555 KMS)

13. 100 LEAGUES
(555 KMS)
Papal Line of
Demarcation

14. 100 LEAGUES
(555 KMS)
SPAIN PORTUGA
L
Papal Line of
Demarcation

15. 370 LEAGUES
(2,055 KMS)
Treaty of Tordesillas

16. 370 LEAGUES
(2,055 KMS)
SPAIN PORTUGA
L
YOU CANNOT CROSS EACH OTHER’S SPHERES!

17.  Pope gave the 2 countries the right to
explore, live and migrate into their
spheres
 Spread Christianity and convert pagan
countries
 Missionaries were sent with the
explorers

18. Who is this Ferdinand Magellan
man?

19. Who is this Ferdinand Magellan
man?

20. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
• Born:1480 In Ponte De
Parca, Portugal
• Father: Ruy Magellan
• Mother: Alda De
Mosquita
• 10 years old he
became an orphan
• Stayed in the castle of
Lisbon where he
became a page
• At age 12, he studied
in the palace of Lisbon

21. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITIONS AS A PORTUGUESE
1505 - 25 yrs. old
- His first expedition = India
- Leader was:
Francisco de Almeida
(with 20 ships)
-Almeida was jealous
of Magellan

22. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITIONS AS A PORTUGUESE
1511 – 31 yrs. old Malacca
-Went to fight Moors
-Saved the life of his
cousin:
FRANCISCO SERRANO
-acquired a
slave named:
ENRIQUE

23. ENRIQUE:
Came with Magellan to the
Philippines as interpreter
After Magellan died, he was
supposed to be a
FREE MAN but
was not given
freedom by Spain.
Nickname : Enrique de Malacca
Enrique de Butuanon
Enrique de Cebu

24. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITIONS AS A PORTUGUESE
1513 – 33 yrs old - went to Africa to
fight Moors
-Was hit on his left leg causing him to limp
-was not trusted by the
Portuguese King Manuel
because of money matters

25. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
After these expeditions he asked from the
king the following:
1. Pension to increase – salary of being a
knight to be increased
2. Finance his expedition to the Spice Islands

26. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
The Portuguese king rejected his request
only because of his limp.
Magellan left Portugal and went to Spain

27. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
1517 – 37 yrs. Old
- Magellan married
- Beatriz Barbosa
- Beatriz’s father helped
- Magellan into the
- Spanish court
- Magellan RENOUNCED HIS
PORTUGUESE NATIONALITY to ask for
help with the Spanish king

28. WHO WAS MAGELLAN?
1517 – 37 yrs. old
- He convinced the king that there was
route to the spice islands through the
WEST
1518 – (March) 38 yrs. old
-was given the commission of 5 ships

29. The requests of Magellan were granted by the
King of Spain named King Charles I
August 10, 1519 the start of preparations
Since he was a Spanish already, HE CANNOT
TRAVEL IN PORTUGUESE SPHERES!!
5 ships and 241 men
Trinidad – flagship
San Antonio
Concepcion
Victoria
Santiago

30. His men were composed of Portuguese,
English, Italian, German, Swiss, French
and …
CHRONICLER: ANTONIO DE PIGAFETTA
PRIEST: FR. PEDRO DE VALDERAMA

31. Started in SANLUCAR DE
BARRAMEDA, SPAIN,
Sept. 20, 1519
This was the starting point of the
expedition

32. CANARY ISLANDS (SPAIN)
Sept. 26, 1519
Made a stopover at the Canary
Islands

33. SANTA LUCIA BAY
Sept. 26, 1519
Went to Pernambuco to get food then went
to Rio De Janeiro for it was the feast of St.
Lazarus March 1520

34. Rio de Solis (Rio de Plata)
January 12, 1520
Went to Rio de Plata and made it
their winter base

35. Puerto San Julian
March 31, 1520
Stayed longer here and there
was a MUTINY but Magellan
overpowered then and ordered
the leaders to be beheaded

36. Cape of Virgens
October 21, 1520
Stopover at Cabo Virgenes

37. Cape of Deseado
November 28, 1520
SANTIAGO sunk and the SAN
ANTONIO rebelled and headed
back for Spain

38. Cape of Deseado
November 28, 1520
SANTIAGO sunk and the SAN
ANTONIO rebelled and headed
back for Spain

39. CROSSING THE PACIFIC
Soldiers were ill to the extent of
eating rats and drinking see water.
It took 3 months.
Called it PACIFIC because it was
very calm and peaceful

40. Ladrones Islands
Marianas Islands
March 6, 1521
Known as the land of robbers because the
natives stole the small boat that went ashore

42. Homonhon
March 17, 1521
When Magellan landed it was the of Feast of
St. Lazarus so he named the island OF
HOMONHON = ISLA DE SAN LAZARO

43. Limasawa
March 28, 1521
It was EASTER SUNDAY. The first holy
mass in the Philippines was held. Celebrated
by FRIAR PEDRO DE VALDERAMA.
Planted a cross, made friends with RAJAH
COLAMBU

44. Cebu
April 7, 1521
The baptism (on April 14) of more than 800
Filipinos including Rajah Humabon and
Queen Hara Amihan (Queen Juana)
Magellan planted another Cross and gave the
Sto. Nino

45. Mactan Island
April 27, 1521
Datu Lapu-Lapu refused to be baptized.
Battle of Mactan and death of Magellan.
Spaniards offered gifts in exchange for
Magellan’s body but they didn’t agree. His
body was never recovered.

46. MAGELLAN’S HOMONHON
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
March 16, 1521
They saw HOMONHON and landed on
MARCH 17, 1521
Did they hold a mass here??

47. MAGELLAN’S LIMASAWA
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
March 28, 1521
-Magellan reached LIMASAWA ISLAND (south of Leyte)
-Rajah Kolambo becomes Magellan’s friend

48. MAGELLAN’S LIMASAWA
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
March 29, 1521
-First BLOOD COMPACT to seal the friendship.
-DESCRIPTION…
"They drew blood from
the chests of both men, to
toss it into a glass so that
the blood unites, to mix it
with wine, then [for] both
to drink a half." -Pigafetta
This was the first
recorded blood compact
between Filipinos and
Spaniards. Gifts were
exchanged by the two
parties when the
celebration had ended.

49. MAGELLAN’S LIMASAWA
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
March 31, 1521 EASTER SUNDAY
-First holy mass was celebrated by
FR. PEDRO DE VALDERAMA.
-The mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the
Philippines.

50. MAGELLAN’S LIMASAWA
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
March 31, 1521 EASTER SUNDAY
-On the same day, Magellan planted the cross
overlooking the sea

51. MAGELLAN’S CEBU
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
April 7, 1521
Magellan arrived in Cebu
and became friends with
Rajah Humabon

52. MAGELLAN’S CEBU
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
April 14, 1521
-Baptism of more than 800 Filipinos
- Magellan planted another cross

53. MAGELLAN’S CEBU
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
April 14, 1521
- Gave Sto. Nino image to
Queen Hara

54. MAGELLAN’S CEBU
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
April 14, 1521
- Baptized Humabon and named him CARLOS
- Baptized Hara Amihan and named her JUANA
- (Queen Juana was the mother of King Carlos I,
King of Spain)

55. MAGELLAN’S CEBU
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Rajah Humabon ordered that nearby chiefs would
also convert
…in Mactan, Datu Lapu-lapu
refused to be baptized
As a show of force, Magellan
decided to attack Mactan…

56. MAGELLAN’S MACTAN
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
April 27, 1521
Battle of Mactan
Magellan’s downfall…
-it was low tide so the ship could not go near the shore
-ships’ canons could not reach Lapu-lapu’s men
-Magellan’s men had to walk on water to the shore
-Magellan’s men = 49 vs. Lapu-lapu’s men = 1,500

58. MAGELLAN’S MACTAN
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Pigafetta’s account of Magellan’s death:
The natives continued to pursue us, and picking up the same spear four or six
times, hurled it at us again and again. Recognizing the captain, so many turned
upon him that they knocked his helmet off his head twice, but he always stood
firmly like a good knight, together with some others. Thus did we fight for more
than one hour, refusing to retire farther. An Indian hurled a bamboo spear into
the captain's face, but the latter immediately killed him with his lance, which he
left in the Indian's body. Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could draw it out
but halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear.
When the natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them
wounded him on the left leg with a large cutlass, which resembles a scimitar,
only being larger. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when
immediately they rushed upon him with iron and bamboo spears and with their
cutlasses, until they killed our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide.
When they wounded him, he turned back many times to see whether we were all
in the boats. Thereupon, beholding him dead, we, wounded, retreated, as best
we could, to the boats, which were already pulling off."

59. MAGELLAN’S MACTAN
ARRIVAL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
After the death of Magellan…
They offered gifts so that they could recover
the body of Magellan, but Lapu-lapu and his
men refused.
His body was never recovered…


60. ELCANO TAKES OVER
They burn the Concepcion
Elcano takes the Victoria
and the Trinidad to the
Spice Islands

61. ELCANO TAKES OVER
The Victoria goes WEST
The Trinidad goes EAST (the same route of Magellan)
The Trinidad
The Victoria

62. ELCANO TAKES OVER
The Trinidad is captured by the
Portuguese


63. ELCANO TAKES OVER
The Victoria arrives
in Spain on
Sept. 6, 1522
with 17 of his
men remaining

64. RESULTS OF
MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION
The spices were sold, but the profits were not
divided among the men and Elcano.
Money was given back to the King to pay for
expenses of losing 4 ships.
Pigafetta was sent back to Italy

65. RESULTS OF
MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION
Elcano tried to go back to the Spice Islands and
claim it for Spain.
He joined the De Loaisa Expedition…