The document discusses the peace experienced in Europe following World War II, which is often associated with the creation of the European Union and its predecessors. It notes that the EU has expanded to include 28 countries across Western, Northern, and Southern Europe. Within the EU zone of integration, there has been no conflict since 1945, representing the longest period of peace on the western European mainland since the Pax Romana. The EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012 in recognition of its efforts to maintain peace within its borders and promote peace internationally through diplomacy.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 2 - LEAGUE OF NATIONSGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 2 - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. A presentation of the main aspects of the League of Nations: successes and failures, aims and membership.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLESGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLES. A presentation of the main aspects of the Treaty of Versailles: aims of the big three, six terms of TOV, how the Germans felt, why was the treaty so important, what the allies thought about the treaty, four other treaties 1919-1920, self-determination problems, successes and failures.
1. Secondary Source Article Your Textbook Author, Dr. C. Brooks.docxjeremylockett77
1. Secondary Source Article: Your Textbook Author, Dr. C. Brooks on The European Union, pp 265-267
The European Union. As of this writing, Britain is poised to exit the EU in the near future.
At the start of the postwar boom, most of the nations of western Europe entered into various international groups that sought to improve economic relations and trade between the member nations. Those culminated in the creation of the European Community (EC) in 1967, essentially an economic alliance and trade zone between most of the nations of non-communist Europe. Despite various setbacks, not the least the enmity between French and British politicians that achieved almost comic levels at times, the EC steadily added new members into the 1980s. Its leadership also began to discuss the possibility of moving toward an even more
inclusive model for Europe, one in which not just trade but currency, law, and policy might be more closely aligned between countries. That vision of a united Europe was originally conceived in large part in hopes of creating a power-bloc to rival the two superpowers of the Cold War, but it also encompassed a moral vision of an advanced, rational economic and political system, in contrast to the conflicts that had so often characterized Europe in the past.
The EC officially became the European Union in 1993, and various member nations of the former EC voted (sometimes barely) to join in the following years. Over time, passport controls at borders between the member states of the EU were eliminated entirely. The member nations agreed to policies meant to ensure civil rights throughout the Union, as well as economic stipulations (e.g. limitations on national debt) meant to foster overall prosperity. Most spectacularly, at the start of 2002, the Euro became the official currency of the entire EU except for Great Britain, which clung tenaciously to the venerable British Pound.
The period between 2002 and 2008 was one of relative success for the architects of the EU. The economies of Eastern European countries in particular accelerated, along with a few unexpected western countries like Ireland (called the “Celtic Tiger” at the time for its success in bringing in outside investment by slashing corporate tax rates). Loans from wealthier members to poorer ones, the latter generally clustered along the Mediterranean, meant that none of the countries of the “Eurozone” lagged too far behind. While the end of passport controls at borders worried some, there was no general immigration crisis to speak of.
Unfortunately, especially since the financial crisis of 2008, the EU has been fraught with economic problems. The major issue is that the member nations cannot control their own economies past a certain point – they cannot devalue currency to deal with inflation, they are nominally prevented from allowing their own national debts to exceed a certain level of their Gross Domestic Product (3%, at least in theory), and ...
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 2 - LEAGUE OF NATIONSGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 2 - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. A presentation of the main aspects of the League of Nations: successes and failures, aims and membership.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLESGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLES. A presentation of the main aspects of the Treaty of Versailles: aims of the big three, six terms of TOV, how the Germans felt, why was the treaty so important, what the allies thought about the treaty, four other treaties 1919-1920, self-determination problems, successes and failures.
1. Secondary Source Article Your Textbook Author, Dr. C. Brooks.docxjeremylockett77
1. Secondary Source Article: Your Textbook Author, Dr. C. Brooks on The European Union, pp 265-267
The European Union. As of this writing, Britain is poised to exit the EU in the near future.
At the start of the postwar boom, most of the nations of western Europe entered into various international groups that sought to improve economic relations and trade between the member nations. Those culminated in the creation of the European Community (EC) in 1967, essentially an economic alliance and trade zone between most of the nations of non-communist Europe. Despite various setbacks, not the least the enmity between French and British politicians that achieved almost comic levels at times, the EC steadily added new members into the 1980s. Its leadership also began to discuss the possibility of moving toward an even more
inclusive model for Europe, one in which not just trade but currency, law, and policy might be more closely aligned between countries. That vision of a united Europe was originally conceived in large part in hopes of creating a power-bloc to rival the two superpowers of the Cold War, but it also encompassed a moral vision of an advanced, rational economic and political system, in contrast to the conflicts that had so often characterized Europe in the past.
The EC officially became the European Union in 1993, and various member nations of the former EC voted (sometimes barely) to join in the following years. Over time, passport controls at borders between the member states of the EU were eliminated entirely. The member nations agreed to policies meant to ensure civil rights throughout the Union, as well as economic stipulations (e.g. limitations on national debt) meant to foster overall prosperity. Most spectacularly, at the start of 2002, the Euro became the official currency of the entire EU except for Great Britain, which clung tenaciously to the venerable British Pound.
The period between 2002 and 2008 was one of relative success for the architects of the EU. The economies of Eastern European countries in particular accelerated, along with a few unexpected western countries like Ireland (called the “Celtic Tiger” at the time for its success in bringing in outside investment by slashing corporate tax rates). Loans from wealthier members to poorer ones, the latter generally clustered along the Mediterranean, meant that none of the countries of the “Eurozone” lagged too far behind. While the end of passport controls at borders worried some, there was no general immigration crisis to speak of.
Unfortunately, especially since the financial crisis of 2008, the EU has been fraught with economic problems. The major issue is that the member nations cannot control their own economies past a certain point – they cannot devalue currency to deal with inflation, they are nominally prevented from allowing their own national debts to exceed a certain level of their Gross Domestic Product (3%, at least in theory), and ...
World War II (WWII) was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945, involving
most of the world’s nations. It was the deadliest and most widespread war in history,
with major theaters of operations in Europe, Asia, and Africa.World War II involved
many countries across the globe, divided into two major alliances: the
Allies(US,UK,CHINASOVIET UNION,FRANCE) and the Axis powers
(GERMANY,ITALY,JAPAN). The conflict resulted in a series of theaters of war in
different regions. Here is a brief overview of the major countries involved:
Causes of World War II:
1. Treaty of Versailles (1919):
● The harsh terms imposed on Germany by the Treaty of
Versailles at the end of World War I created economic
hardships, resentment, and a desire for revenge. This fueled
the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany.
2. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes:
● The emergence of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and
Japan contributed to the destabilization of international
relations. Hitler’s expansionist ambitions, Mussolini’s
aggression in Africa, and Japan’s militarization set the stage
for conflict.
3. Expansionism and Imperialism:
● Aggressive territorial expansion by Germany, Italy, and
Japan heightened tensions. Germany’s occupation of the
Rhineland, Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia, and Japan’s invasion
of Manchuria were early signs of aggression.
4. Appeasement Policy:
● The policy of appeasement, where Western democracies
attempted to pacify aggressive regimes through
concessions, allowed Hitler to pursue his expansionist
agenda without facing immediate resistance.
5. Failure of the League of Nations:
● The League of Nations, established after World War I to
maintain peace and prevent conflicts, failed to address the
aggressive actions of expansionist powers. Its inability to
enforce collective security contributed to the breakdown of
international order.
6. Non-Aggression Pact:
● The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Nazi Germany and
the Soviet Union in 1939 provided a temporary alliance and
non-aggression agreement, allowing Hitler to invade Poland
without fearing Soviet intervention.
7. Invasion of Poland (1939):
● The invasion of Poland by Germany in September 1939
marked the beginning of World War II. Britain and France
responded by declaring war on Germany.
8. Blitzkrieg Tactics:
● Germany’s use of Blitzkrieg tactics, characterized by rapid
and coordinated attacks using air and ground forces, led to
swift victories in Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, and
France.
Consequences of World War II:
1. Human Casualties:
● World War II resulted in an unprecedented loss of life.
Estimates suggest that over 70 million people died, including
military personnel and civilians, making it one of the
deadliest conflicts in history.
2. Holocaust:
● The Holocaust, perpetrated by the Nazis, led to the
systematic genocide of six million Jews and millions of
others, including Romani people, disabled individuals, and political dissidents.
3. Destruction of Cities:
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. European peace – after the historical Pax
Romana), is the period of relative peace
experienced by Europe in the period
following World War II—often associated above
all with the creation of the European Union (EU)
and its predecessors. After the Cold War this
peace was even more evident because of the fall
in political tensions, with the major exception of
the Yugoslav Wars and various tensions with and
within Russia. In 2012, the EU institutions were
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
5. Transatlantic cooperation and European integration was designed to maintain
the fragile peace that was created in Europe. With the continent consistently
falling into war over the past centuries the creation of the European
Communities in the 1950s set to integrate its members to such an extent that
war between them would be impossible. These Communities, and other
organizations including NATO expanded to cover most of Western
Europe, Northern Europe and Southern Europe. Although Central and Eastern
Europe remained under Soviet influence, they too experienced little conflict,
with the major exception of internal repression, until the 1990s when a series
of wars in Yugoslavia broke out as the country disintegrated. The EU
structures were criticised for its inability to prevent the conflict, though the
zone is now within its sphere of enlargement.
7. EU AND PEACE
The EU now comprises 28 countries with
majority of European non-member states
seeking membership (twelve countries
joined the EU in 2000s). In addition to that,
most countries which remain outside are
tied to the EU by economic agreements and
treaties such as the European Economic
Area. Within the zone of integration, there
has been no conflict since 1945, making it
the longest period of peace on the western
European mainland since Pax Romana.
9. EU and Nobel Peace Prize
European Union was awarded the 2012 Nobel
Peace Prize in recognition of its efforts to maintain
and actively foster peace within its borders as well
as internationally through diplomatic means.
Even though a number of armed conflicts occurred
on the European peninsula after World War II, none
of them have been between members of the
European Union. Most of these conflicts have taken
place in the former Yugoslavia and Soviet Union.
11. EU and the war in Ukraine
• Putin’s war against Ukraine has already
caused thousands of death but also
major economic damages globally.
• The EU needs to handle the impact of
this third asymmetric shock in 15
years, at home and abroad.
• EU leaders agreed at the informal
summit in Versailles to bolster
European economic resilience,
radically reduce our energy imports
from Russia and move ahead with a
serious strengthening of European
defence.