The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document defines malocclusion and discusses its causes. Malocclusion is an incorrect relationship between the maxilla and mandible caused by factors acting alone or in combination, including genetics, environment, and specific disturbances. Specific causes include disturbances during embryonic development such as fetal alcohol syndrome, failures in neural crest cell migration seen in Treacher Collins syndrome, and birth injuries. Growth disturbances in the fetal period and childhood, such as intrauterine molding and fractures, can also cause malocclusion. Disturbances during adolescence like hemi-mandibular hypertrophy and acromegaly are other potential causes. Disturbances of dental development, including missing, malformed, supernumerary, and traumatically displaced
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by defective bone development of the skull and absence or partial absence of the collarbone. It causes delayed closure of skull bones and late or unerupted teeth. Symptoms include protruding forehead, wide-set eyes, high-arched palate, and short stature. Dental issues are the most significant complications and require careful orthodontic treatment like dentures or staged tooth removal. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and results from mutations in the RunX2 gene.
This document discusses the etiology and classification of malocclusion. It covers several key points:
1. Malocclusion can have both genetic and environmental causes, with hereditary factors playing a strong role. Studies using twins and families show malocclusion to have a polygenic inheritance pattern.
2. Several classification systems for the causes of malocclusion are presented, including those by White and Gardiner, Salzmann, Moyer, Graber, and Proffit. These classify causes as congenital, developmental, acquired, hereditary, and environmental.
3. Environmental factors like habits, trauma, premature tooth loss, and diseases can influence malocclusion. However, hereditary factors have
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document defines malocclusion and discusses its causes. Malocclusion is an incorrect relationship between the maxilla and mandible caused by factors acting alone or in combination, including genetics, environment, and specific disturbances. Specific causes include disturbances during embryonic development such as fetal alcohol syndrome, failures in neural crest cell migration seen in Treacher Collins syndrome, and birth injuries. Growth disturbances in the fetal period and childhood, such as intrauterine molding and fractures, can also cause malocclusion. Disturbances during adolescence like hemi-mandibular hypertrophy and acromegaly are other potential causes. Disturbances of dental development, including missing, malformed, supernumerary, and traumatically displaced
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by defective bone development of the skull and absence or partial absence of the collarbone. It causes delayed closure of skull bones and late or unerupted teeth. Symptoms include protruding forehead, wide-set eyes, high-arched palate, and short stature. Dental issues are the most significant complications and require careful orthodontic treatment like dentures or staged tooth removal. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and results from mutations in the RunX2 gene.
This document discusses the etiology and classification of malocclusion. It covers several key points:
1. Malocclusion can have both genetic and environmental causes, with hereditary factors playing a strong role. Studies using twins and families show malocclusion to have a polygenic inheritance pattern.
2. Several classification systems for the causes of malocclusion are presented, including those by White and Gardiner, Salzmann, Moyer, Graber, and Proffit. These classify causes as congenital, developmental, acquired, hereditary, and environmental.
3. Environmental factors like habits, trauma, premature tooth loss, and diseases can influence malocclusion. However, hereditary factors have
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by defective development of the skull bones and absence or partial absence of the collar bones. It is caused by mutations in the CBFA1 gene. Symptoms include delayed closure of fontanels, protruding jaw, wide nasal bridge, dental abnormalities like delayed tooth eruption and peg-shaped teeth. Diagnosis is confirmed through x-rays showing features like reduced or fragmented clavicles. Treatment focuses on surgical correction of skull defects and dental/orthodontic work to address significant dental problems.
This document discusses the etiology, or causes, of malocclusion. It begins with an introduction and overview of common systems of classification for etiologic factors. It then discusses several of these classification systems in more detail, including White and Gardiner's, Salzmann's, Moyer's, Graber's, and Proffit's classifications. The document outlines the primary sites where etiologic factors act, including the neuromuscular system, bones of the facial skeleton, teeth, and soft tissues. It then discusses hereditary/genetic factors in detail, including twin and familial studies. Other sections cover congenital malformations, environmental influences, and specific conditions like cleft lip and palate.
This document provides information about orthodontic diagnosis procedures. It defines orthodontic diagnosis as gathering data to reach a diagnosis for an orthodontic case. Successful treatment requires a correct diagnosis involving a patient interview, examination, and evaluation of diagnostic records. Essential diagnostic aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, and certain radiographs. The case history involves collecting personal data, chief complaints, dental history, prenatal and postnatal history, medical history, and family history. The clinical examination includes extraoral and intraoral soft and hard tissue examinations.
Osteogenesis imperfecta and osteoporosis are heritable bone disorders characterized by fragile bones. Osteogenesis imperfecta arises from mutations affecting type 1 collagen production, resulting in bones that fracture easily. It is classified into 4 types based on severity, ranging from mild bone fragility to prenatal death. Osteoporosis is caused by failed bone resorption, leading to abnormally dense bones. It presents as infantile, intermediate, or adult-onset forms depending on age of symptoms onset. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation and surgery for osteogenesis imperfecta, while osteoporosis may be treated with medications to stimulate bone resorption.
This document discusses Angle's classification of malocclusions and their causes. It describes Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. For each class, it details common characteristics and divisions. General causes of malocclusions include evolution, congenital malformations from environmental or genetic factors, endocrine disturbances, nutritional deficiencies, and pathological conditions. Local causes involve congenital missing teeth which can cause other teeth to erupt abnormally, and supernumerary teeth which can prevent normal eruption if not removed.
By Ogundiran Temidayo a student of OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE IFE. a presentation on edentulism, prevalence, causes, types, treatment, and its adverse effect in the oral cavity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses the etiology and causes of malocclusion. It identifies general causes such as evolution, congenital malformations, endocrinal disturbances, and nutritional deficiencies. Local causes include factors like congenitally missing or supernumerary teeth, teeth of abnormal size/form, abnormal eruption path, thumb sucking, premature loss of deciduous teeth, prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, loss of permanent teeth, trauma, and local pathological factors like cysts and tumors. The document is a lecture on malocclusion causes presented by Dr. Ahmed Basyouni on March 5, 2012.
This document discusses how epigenetics and environmental factors can influence facial development and airways later in life. It presents an intraoral appliance that aims to promote more youthful facial development over 12 months by targeting maxillary growth sites and enhancing airway symmetry through controlled forces of chewing and muscle deprogramming. The appliance separates teeth unilaterally while protecting them from wear and fractures, and distributes biting forces in a way that stimulates underlying bone and promotes developmental changes to the face, jaw, and airway.
Osteogenesis imperfecta - By Dr. Lokesh SharoffLokesh Sharoff
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that causes bone fragility and fractures. There are several classifications and clinical features are dependent on severity. Treatment involves bisphosphonates to increase bone density and reduce fractures, bracing to prevent fractures and allow mobility, and surgery to correct deformities. The goal of treatment is to maximize function and ambulation while preventing further fractures and deformity.
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder characterized by fragile bones that fracture easily. It results from a defect in type I collagen production, the main protein in bone matrix, which leads to low bone mass and increased bone fragility. The condition ranges from mild to lethal. Types are classified based on severity and inheritance. Diagnosis involves examining for blue sclera and bone fractures or deformities on imaging. Treatment focuses on physiotherapy, orthopedic surgery, and bisphosphonates to increase bone strength. Differential diagnoses include child abuse and juvenile osteoporosis.
The document discusses how aging affects the edentulous state and complete denture treatment. As people age, the oral mucosa becomes thinner and less elastic, bone resorbs more, saliva production decreases, taste buds reduce in number, and chewing ability and jaw movements decline. Nutrition is also impacted as food selection and chewing abilities change. Denture treatment requires sensitivity to these aging changes and their effects on the denture-bearing tissues to help ensure proper function and patient comfort.
Introduction to Orthodontics Dr.Saurabh GoelNeeraj Trehan
This document discusses orthodontic treatment and malocclusion. It begins by explaining that both children and adults seek orthodontic treatment to correct malocclusion (improper bite) and crooked or misaligned teeth to improve appearance. It then classifies different types of malocclusion and provides examples such as overbite, overjet, underbite, crossbite, open bite, and midline shift. The document continues by discussing causes of malocclusion, when treatment is best, and the use of space maintainers when teeth are lost prematurely. It concludes by explaining how braces work to gradually move teeth into proper position and the importance of proper home care and dental checkups for orthodontic patients.
This case report describes an 84-year-old female patient with cleidocranial dysplasia who presented with a dentigerous cyst. Cleidocranial dysplasia is a skeletal and dental developmental disorder. On examination, the patient exhibited features of cleidocranial dysplasia including short stature, maxillary hypoplasia, impacted supernumerary teeth, and bilateral clavicle hypoplasia, which was confirmed on radiographs. The patient underwent surgery to remove the supernumerary teeth and excise the dentigerous cyst. Follow-up after 12 months found no recurrence. This case highlights the association between cleidocranial dysplasia and dentigerous cyst
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is caused by mutations in genes that produce collagen, the main structural protein in bones and other tissues. There are several types of OI ranging from mild to lethal. Type I is the most common and mildest form. Type II is the most severe and often fatal form. There is no cure for OI but treatments can help manage symptoms and strengthen bones to prevent fractures and deformities. Research is ongoing to develop new treatments but a cure is not expected soon.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the etiology and classifications of malocclusions. It begins by introducing Graber's classification of etiology, which divides factors into general and local. General factors include hereditary influences on neuromuscular, skeletal, soft tissue and dental structures. Local factors relate to anomalies in tooth number, size, shape, frenums, eruption patterns and loss of primary teeth. The document then examines various classifications in detail, outlining prenatal, postnatal, functional and environmental/acquired etiologies. Specific hereditary, congenital, nutritional and traumatic influences are explored.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by defective development of the skull bones and absence or partial absence of the collar bones. It is caused by mutations in the CBFA1 gene. Symptoms include delayed closure of fontanels, protruding jaw, wide nasal bridge, dental abnormalities like delayed tooth eruption and peg-shaped teeth. Diagnosis is confirmed through x-rays showing features like reduced or fragmented clavicles. Treatment focuses on surgical correction of skull defects and dental/orthodontic work to address significant dental problems.
This document discusses the etiology, or causes, of malocclusion. It begins with an introduction and overview of common systems of classification for etiologic factors. It then discusses several of these classification systems in more detail, including White and Gardiner's, Salzmann's, Moyer's, Graber's, and Proffit's classifications. The document outlines the primary sites where etiologic factors act, including the neuromuscular system, bones of the facial skeleton, teeth, and soft tissues. It then discusses hereditary/genetic factors in detail, including twin and familial studies. Other sections cover congenital malformations, environmental influences, and specific conditions like cleft lip and palate.
This document provides information about orthodontic diagnosis procedures. It defines orthodontic diagnosis as gathering data to reach a diagnosis for an orthodontic case. Successful treatment requires a correct diagnosis involving a patient interview, examination, and evaluation of diagnostic records. Essential diagnostic aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, and certain radiographs. The case history involves collecting personal data, chief complaints, dental history, prenatal and postnatal history, medical history, and family history. The clinical examination includes extraoral and intraoral soft and hard tissue examinations.
Osteogenesis imperfecta and osteoporosis are heritable bone disorders characterized by fragile bones. Osteogenesis imperfecta arises from mutations affecting type 1 collagen production, resulting in bones that fracture easily. It is classified into 4 types based on severity, ranging from mild bone fragility to prenatal death. Osteoporosis is caused by failed bone resorption, leading to abnormally dense bones. It presents as infantile, intermediate, or adult-onset forms depending on age of symptoms onset. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation and surgery for osteogenesis imperfecta, while osteoporosis may be treated with medications to stimulate bone resorption.
This document discusses Angle's classification of malocclusions and their causes. It describes Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. For each class, it details common characteristics and divisions. General causes of malocclusions include evolution, congenital malformations from environmental or genetic factors, endocrine disturbances, nutritional deficiencies, and pathological conditions. Local causes involve congenital missing teeth which can cause other teeth to erupt abnormally, and supernumerary teeth which can prevent normal eruption if not removed.
By Ogundiran Temidayo a student of OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE IFE. a presentation on edentulism, prevalence, causes, types, treatment, and its adverse effect in the oral cavity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses the etiology and causes of malocclusion. It identifies general causes such as evolution, congenital malformations, endocrinal disturbances, and nutritional deficiencies. Local causes include factors like congenitally missing or supernumerary teeth, teeth of abnormal size/form, abnormal eruption path, thumb sucking, premature loss of deciduous teeth, prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, loss of permanent teeth, trauma, and local pathological factors like cysts and tumors. The document is a lecture on malocclusion causes presented by Dr. Ahmed Basyouni on March 5, 2012.
This document discusses how epigenetics and environmental factors can influence facial development and airways later in life. It presents an intraoral appliance that aims to promote more youthful facial development over 12 months by targeting maxillary growth sites and enhancing airway symmetry through controlled forces of chewing and muscle deprogramming. The appliance separates teeth unilaterally while protecting them from wear and fractures, and distributes biting forces in a way that stimulates underlying bone and promotes developmental changes to the face, jaw, and airway.
Osteogenesis imperfecta - By Dr. Lokesh SharoffLokesh Sharoff
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that causes bone fragility and fractures. There are several classifications and clinical features are dependent on severity. Treatment involves bisphosphonates to increase bone density and reduce fractures, bracing to prevent fractures and allow mobility, and surgery to correct deformities. The goal of treatment is to maximize function and ambulation while preventing further fractures and deformity.
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder characterized by fragile bones that fracture easily. It results from a defect in type I collagen production, the main protein in bone matrix, which leads to low bone mass and increased bone fragility. The condition ranges from mild to lethal. Types are classified based on severity and inheritance. Diagnosis involves examining for blue sclera and bone fractures or deformities on imaging. Treatment focuses on physiotherapy, orthopedic surgery, and bisphosphonates to increase bone strength. Differential diagnoses include child abuse and juvenile osteoporosis.
The document discusses how aging affects the edentulous state and complete denture treatment. As people age, the oral mucosa becomes thinner and less elastic, bone resorbs more, saliva production decreases, taste buds reduce in number, and chewing ability and jaw movements decline. Nutrition is also impacted as food selection and chewing abilities change. Denture treatment requires sensitivity to these aging changes and their effects on the denture-bearing tissues to help ensure proper function and patient comfort.
Introduction to Orthodontics Dr.Saurabh GoelNeeraj Trehan
This document discusses orthodontic treatment and malocclusion. It begins by explaining that both children and adults seek orthodontic treatment to correct malocclusion (improper bite) and crooked or misaligned teeth to improve appearance. It then classifies different types of malocclusion and provides examples such as overbite, overjet, underbite, crossbite, open bite, and midline shift. The document continues by discussing causes of malocclusion, when treatment is best, and the use of space maintainers when teeth are lost prematurely. It concludes by explaining how braces work to gradually move teeth into proper position and the importance of proper home care and dental checkups for orthodontic patients.
This case report describes an 84-year-old female patient with cleidocranial dysplasia who presented with a dentigerous cyst. Cleidocranial dysplasia is a skeletal and dental developmental disorder. On examination, the patient exhibited features of cleidocranial dysplasia including short stature, maxillary hypoplasia, impacted supernumerary teeth, and bilateral clavicle hypoplasia, which was confirmed on radiographs. The patient underwent surgery to remove the supernumerary teeth and excise the dentigerous cyst. Follow-up after 12 months found no recurrence. This case highlights the association between cleidocranial dysplasia and dentigerous cyst
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is caused by mutations in genes that produce collagen, the main structural protein in bones and other tissues. There are several types of OI ranging from mild to lethal. Type I is the most common and mildest form. Type II is the most severe and often fatal form. There is no cure for OI but treatments can help manage symptoms and strengthen bones to prevent fractures and deformities. Research is ongoing to develop new treatments but a cure is not expected soon.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the etiology and classifications of malocclusions. It begins by introducing Graber's classification of etiology, which divides factors into general and local. General factors include hereditary influences on neuromuscular, skeletal, soft tissue and dental structures. Local factors relate to anomalies in tooth number, size, shape, frenums, eruption patterns and loss of primary teeth. The document then examines various classifications in detail, outlining prenatal, postnatal, functional and environmental/acquired etiologies. Specific hereditary, congenital, nutritional and traumatic influences are explored.
Etiology of malocclusion/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthodontics is a dental specialty that deals with diagnosing and treating misaligned teeth and jaws. It focuses on correcting bite issues through applying forces to teeth to move them into proper position. The overall goals of orthodontic treatment are to improve function, maintain structural balance between dental arches and facial tissues, and create aesthetic harmony. Orthodontics can alter the positions of teeth, change underlying bone patterns, and modify surrounding soft tissues.
Eruption problems /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental eruption and problems with eruption from the Indian Dental Academy website. It provides information on the mechanisms, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of eruption problems. The key points are:
- Tooth eruption is a complex process involving root development, periodontium establishment, and functional occlusion.
- Problems can occur at any phase of eruption due to ectopic tooth position, obstacles in the eruption path, or failures in the eruption mechanisms.
- Common causes of delayed eruption are local factors like scarring, supernumerary teeth, and systemic factors such as nutrition deficiencies, endocrine disorders, cerebral palsy, and genetic syndromes.
- Accurate
Malocclusion general factors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Etiology of malocclusion 1/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the etiology of malocclusion. It begins by defining etiology and malocclusion. Genetics and hereditary factors play an important role in malocclusion, with traits being passed down in autosomal dominant or recessive manners. Environmental factors like habits, trauma, diseases and nutrition can also influence malocclusion development. The document reviews several classification systems for categorizing etiological factors, including those proposed by White and Gardiner, Salzmann, Moyer and Graber. General factors discussed include heredity, congenital defects, environment, metabolism, habits, while local factors include tooth anomalies, eruption issues and dental caries.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the etiology (causes) of malocclusion according to Graber's classification. Graber classified etiological factors into general factors and local factors. Some key general factors discussed include heredity, congenital defects, environment like prenatal/postnatal factors, and predisposing metabolic/endocrine diseases. Local factors refer to more localized dental anomalies affecting one or a few teeth. The document provides examples and descriptions of various general and local factors that can cause malocclusion.
the aims of orthodontics is to treat protruded teeth to prevent trauma . crowded teeth help initiation of caries so their treatment is indicated by orthodontics
Extrinsic intrinsic factors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the etiology of malocclusion. It states that malocclusion results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology can be classified as general factors, local factors, or skeletal and soft tissue factors. General factors include hereditary traits, congenital defects, environmental influences, and habits. Local factors relate to abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, eruption, and dental caries. Understanding the etiology is important for developing an effective treatment plan and preventing future relapse.
etiology of malocclusion for general practitioners.docxDr.Mohammed Alruby
Etiology of Malocclusion
For general practitioners
Prepared by
Dr. M Alruby
Etiology in orthodontics is the study of actual causes of dento – facial abnormalities.
Malocclusion is the condition where there is a deviation from the usual or accepted relationship, dental malocclusion exists when the individual teeth within one or both jaws are abnormally related to each other, this condition may be limited to a couple of teeth or involving the majority of teeth present.
Development of normal dentition and occlusion depends on a number of interrelated factors that include the dento alveolar, skeletal and the neuromuscular factors. Thus localization of the possible etiology may be a very difficult task.
A- Extrinsic factors:
1- Evolution:
With evolution, the jaws become smaller, reduction in the number and size of teeth and diminution of jaw projection together with increased in vertical height of the face and there is retrognathic tendency in man as he ascends the evolutionary scale.
2- Heredity:
Transmission of dento facial characteristic through generation by genes. The child is a product of parents who have dissimilar genetic material. Thus the child may inherit conflicting traits from both the parents resulting in abnormalities of the dentofacial region. Another reason attributed for genetically determined malocclusion is the racial, ethnic and regional intermixer, which might have led to uncoordinated inheritance of teeth and jaws.
There are three types of transmission of malocclusion from the stand point of genetics:
1- Repetitive: the recurrence of single dentofacial deviation within the immediate family.
2- Discontinuous: a tendency for a malocclusion trait to reappear within the family over several generations.
3- Variable: the occurrence of different but related types of malocclusion within several generation of the same family.
Dental defect of genetic origin include the following:
= Crowding and spacing of teeth.
= Size and characteristic of soft tissue including muscles and frenum.
= Macrognathia and micrognathia.
= Macrodontia and microdontia.
= Oligodontia.
= Tooth shape variations.
= Median diastemas.
= upper face height, nose height, and bigonial width.
= Bimaxillary protrusion.
4- Congenital:
Those are deformities of hereditary or non-hereditary origin but exciting at birth.
The congenital abnormalities that cause malocclusion:
= Cleft lip and palate:
lack of fusion between the two palatal processes to each other. From one third to one half of all cleft palate children have familial history of this deformity.
As with the non-cleft child, palatal, pharyngeal and perioral musculature is well developed at birth to meet the demand of suckling, deglutition and mastication. While the complete unilateral or complete bilateral cleft break the continuity of the upper lip and disturbs the functional pattern and significantly reduce the restraining effect of the buccinators mechanism that pro
This document discusses various classifications and causes of malocclusion. It begins by introducing Moyer's classification which categorizes etiology into heredity, development defects, trauma, physical agents, habits, diseases, and malnutrition. White and Gardiner's classification separates causes into dental base abnormalities, pre-eruption abnormalities, and post-eruption abnormalities. Graber's classification divides factors into general factors like heredity, environment, and local factors like anomalies in tooth number. The document then examines specific causes in greater detail such as heredity, congenital defects, environment, anomalies in tooth number including supernumerary teeth and missing teeth.
Radiographic Interpretation of Dental AnomaliesHadi Munib
This document discusses various types of dental abnormalities including developmental, acquired, hyperdontia (extra teeth), hypodontia (missing teeth), macrodontia (large teeth), microdontia (small teeth), transposition (switched positions of teeth), fusion, and concrescence (root fusion). It provides details on the characteristics, causes, prevalence, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, and management of each abnormality.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Factors affecting growth and development /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
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6. subtitles in your own language
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
2. ContentsContents
Introduction
Definition of malocclusion
Types of malocclusion
Classification of etiologies of malocclusion
Brief description on various factors
Conclusion
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. IntroductionIntroduction
Comprehensive orthodontic management
involves identification of possible etiological factors and
an attempt to eliminate the same. Although it may not be
possible, it is nevertheless of value in preventive and
interceptive procedures.
Rather than having specific “CAUSES” as do
some diseases, malocclusions are usually clinically
significant variations from normal range of growth and
morphology. Etiologic factors contribute to the variance,
more often than they simply cause it
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4. DefinitionDefinition
The arrangement of teeth in a
dentition or their relation in the jaws to each
other, which is not according to the accepted
morphologic configuration of human maxillo-
dentofacial complex
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5. Malocclusions may involve four tissue systems
Teeth
Bones
Muscles
Nerves
Malocclusion GroupsMalocclusion Groups
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6. Dental dysplasias
Skeleto dental dysplasias
Skeletal dysplasias
Another way to classify malocclusion isAnother way to classify malocclusion is
to divide them into three groupsto divide them into three groups
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7. Classification Of Etiologic FactorsClassification Of Etiologic Factors
According to Mc coy
Indirect / Pre disposing causes
Direct / Determining causes
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8. Indirect / Pre disposing causes includeIndirect / Pre disposing causes include
Hereditary
Congenital defects
Pre natal abnormalities
Acute / chronic infections and deficiency diseases
Metabolic disturbances
Endocrine imbalance
Unknown causes.
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10. Pressure
Abnormal muscular habits
Malfunctioning muscles
Premature shedding of deciduous teeth
Tardy eruption of permanent teeth
Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
Loss of permanent teeth
Improper dental restorations
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11. ACCORDING TO MOYERSACCORDING TO MOYERS
Heredity
Neuro muscular system
Bone
Teeth
Soft parts (other than nerve and muscle)
Developmental defects of unknown origin
Trauma
Prenatal trauma and birth injuries.
Post natal trauma.
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12. Physical agents
Pre natal
Post natal
Habits
Thumb and finger sucking, tongue
sucking, lip biting etc
Disease
Systemic diseases
Endocrine diseases
Local diseases
Malnutrition
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13. According to SalzmannAccording to Salzmann
Salzmann’s diagrammatic representation of the
etiologic factors in malocclusion embodies prenatal and post natal
factors. It clearly shows the genetic, differentiative and congenital
factors that make up the prenatal elements of causation, which can
influence and one or all of the postnatal components-
developmental, functional, environmental.www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. According to Graber
General Factors
Heredity (The inherited pattern)
Congenital Defects
Cleft palate
Torticollis
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Cerebral palsy
Syphilis etc.
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15. Environment
Pre natal
Trauma
Maternal diet
Maternal metabolism
German measles etc.
Post natal birth injury
Cerebral palsy
TMJ injury etc.
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20. Local factors
Anomalies of number
Supernumerary teeth
Missing teeth
Congenital absence or loss due to
accidents, caries etc
Anomalies of tooth size
Anomalies of tooth shape
Abnormal labial frenum, mucosal barriers
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21. Premature loss
Prolonged retention
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Abnormal eruptive path
Ankylosis
Dental caries
Improper dental restorations
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22. ACCORDING TO PROFFITACCORDING TO PROFFIT
Specific causes
Disturbances in embryologic development
(teratogens)
Skeletal growth disturbances
Intrauterine molding
Birth trauma to mandible
Childhood fractures or the jaw
Muscle dysfunction
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23. Acromegaly and hemi mandibular hyper trophy
Disturbances of dental development
Congenitally missing teeth
Malformed and supernumerary teeth
Interferance with eruption
Ectopic eruption
Early loss of primary teeth
Traumatic displacement of teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. General factors
Heredity
A child may have facial features that markedly
resemble those of his father or mother, or the net result
may be a combination of features from each parent. It is
also to be noted that, a single gene is not responsible for a
particular malocclusion and it may be due to the combined
action of different types of Genes
Heredity could be considered significant in
determining the following characteristics
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Tooth size
Width and length of arch
Height of palate
Crowding and spacing of teeth
Overjet
Position and conformation of perioral musculature to
tongue size and shape
Soft tissue peculiarities
Facial asymmetries
Macorgnathia and micrognathia
Macrodontia an microdontia
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. Oligodontia and anodontia
Tooth shape variations
(peg laterals, Carabellis cusps, mamelons etc)
Cleft palate and hare lip
Diastemas
Deep bite
Rotation of teeth
Mandibular retrusion
Mandibular prognathism
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28. Congenital defects
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital defects life cleft lip and palate separately or
in combination are among the most frequent congenital deformities of
mankind. It is not often possible for the dentist to compensate for
residual post surgical abnormalities. In a unilateral cleft, the teeth or
one side are usually in lingual cross bite with the opposing lower teeth.
Many times the premaxilla is displaced anteriorly, or, because of the
tightly repaired lip, the whole pre maxillary structure is forced
lingually. The maxillary incisors in this type are badly malposed with
bizarre axial inclinations. In the area of cleft, teeth are often jumbled.
Maxillary lateral incisors may be missing, atypical in shape or
‘twinned’
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29. Cerebral palsy
Paralysis or lack of muscular co-ordination due to an intra
cranial lesion
Complete lack of motor control resulting in abnormal
muscular function in masticaction, deglutition, speech and
respiration.
Abnormal pressure habits lead to malocclusion
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Torticollis
Shortening of the sternocleido mastoid muscle causing
profound changes in the bony morphology of the cranium
and the face
Characterised by “wry neck”
Bizarre facial asymmetries and uncorrectable malocclusions
if not treated early www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. Cleidocranial dysostosis
Maxillary retrusion and possible mandibular protrusion
Retained deciduous teeth
Retarded eruption of permanent teeth
Short and thin permanent teeth roots
Super numerary teeth
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34. Pre natal
Teratogens: Chemical and other agents capable of producing
embryologic defects if given at critical time are called teratogens
Aminopterin
Aspirin
Cigarette smoke (hypoxia)
Cytomegalovirus
Anencephaly
Cleft lip and palate
Cleft lip and palate
Microcephaly, hydrocephaly,
microphthalmia
Dilantin
Ethyl alcohol
6-Mercaptopurine
13-cis Rentinoic acid
(Accutane)
Cleft lip and palate
Central mid-face deficiency
Cleft Palate
Retinoic acid syndrome: malformations
virtually same as hemifacial microsomia,
Treacher Collins syndrome
Rubella virus
Thalidomide
Microphthalmia, cataracts, deafness
Malformations similar to hemifacial
microsomia, Treacher Collins syndrome
Toxoplasma Microcephaly, hydrocephaly,
microphthalmia
X-radiation
Valium
Vitamin D excess
Microcephaly
Cleft and palate
Premature suture closurewww.indiandentalacademy.com
35. Intrauterine moldingIntrauterine molding
Pressure against the developing face prenatally can lead
to distortion of rapidly growing areas. Eg: an arm is
pressed across the face in utero resulting in severe
maxillary deficiency.
Other factors that may affect are trauma, maternal diet,
maternal metabolism and German measles
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36. Birth trauma
In some difficult births use of forceps to the head to
assist in delivary might damage either or both TMJ.
Heavy pressure in the area of TMJ could cause internal
haemorrhage, loss of tissue and a subsequent under
development of the mandible
Childhood fractures: Falls that produce condylar
fractures may cause marked facial asymmetries
Extensive scar tissue, from a burn may also produce
malocclusions
Post natal
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37. Some specific endocrinologic diseases may be potent
makers of malocclusion. Diseases with a paralytic effect,
such as poleomyelitis are capable of producing
malocclusions.
Disease with muscle malfunction, such as muscular
dystrophy and cerebral palsy also have deforming effects
on dental arch
Pre disposing metabolic climate and diseases
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39. AcromegalyAcromegaly
Which is caused by an anterior pituitary
tumor that secrete excess amounts of GH, excessive growth
of mandible may occur, creating a skeletal class III
malocclusion in adult life. Also multiple root resorption
may be found.
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40. Nutritional deficiencyNutritional deficiency
Disturbances such as rickets, scurvy and berry-berry
can produce severe malocclusions. Main problem is upsetting of the
dental developmental time tables. The resultant premature loss,
prolonged retention, poor tissue health and abnormal eruptive paths
lead to malocclusion
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41. Non nutritive sucking habits, Includes all
sucking habits
Thumb sucking
Finger sucking
Pacifiers etc.
Abnormal pressure habits andAbnormal pressure habits and
functional aberrationsfunctional aberrations
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42. Dento facial changes associated with prolonged
non nutritive sucking habits are
Increased proclination of upper incisors
Increased maxillary arch length
Increased clinical crown length of max incisiors
Increased atypical root resorption in primary
central incisors
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43. Increased retroclination of mandibular incisors
Increased overjet
Decreased over bite
Increased unilateral and bilateral class II occlusion
Increased lip incompetence
Tongue thrust
Speech defects, especially lisping
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44. Lip biting
Involves the lower lip which is turned inwards and
pressure is exerted on the lingual surfaces of
maxillary anteriors
Proclined upper anteriors and retroclined lower
anteriors
Hyper trophic and redundant lower lip
Cracking of lips
Lip habitsLip habits
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45. Nail bitingNail biting
Does not produce gross malocclusion. But minor
local tooth irregularities like
Rotation
Wear of incisal edge
Minor crowding.
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46. Tongue thrustTongue thrust
Defined as a condition in which the tongue makes contact with any
teeth anterior to the molars during swallowing
It has to be remembered at this time that there is a controversy
regarding Tongue thrust as an etiologic factor of anterior open bite.
According to Graber and Moyers, Tongue thrust definitely leads to
anterior open bite. Proffit contradicts this fully and according to him,
it is an already existing anterior open bite that leads to Tongue
thrusting habit
Proclination of anterior teeth
Anterior open bite
Bimaxillary protrusion
Posterior open bite in case of
lateral Tongue thrust
Posterior cross bite
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47. Mouth breathingMouth breathing
Mouth breathing can result in altered jaw and tongue posture which
could alter the oro-facial equilibrium there by leading to malocclusion
Long and narrow face
Short and flaccid upper lip.
Contracted upper arch with possibility of
posterior cross bite
Increased overjet as a result of flaring of the incisors.
Dryness of the mouth predisposes to caries.
Anterior open bite
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48. BruxismBruxism
Grinding of teeth for non functional purposes
Occlusal wear facets
Fractures of teeth and restorations
Mobility of teeth.
Tenderness and hypertrophy of masticatory muscles
TMJ pain
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49.
Tongue size as well as function is an important
consideration. Aglossia can result in narrowing of the
upper dental arch with severely malpositioned teeth and
crowding. Where as Macroglossia can lead to widening of
dental arches, spacing and open bite.
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51. Super numerary teethSuper numerary teeth
The presence of extra tooth obviously has great potential to disrupt
normal occlusal development. Early intervention and to remove it is
usually required to obtain reasonable alignment and occlusal
relationships. Most common-mesiodens.
Also lateral incisors, extra premolars, fourth molars multiple super
numerary teeth are found in cleidocranial dysplasia and other
congenital deformities like cleft lip and cleft palate
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55. Abnormal labial FrenumAbnormal labial Frenum
If the frenum is thick, it prevents the closure of
diastema (which is normal during mixed dentition prior to the
eruption of canines)
In these cases a frenectomy is indicated
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56. Premature loss of deciduous teethPremature loss of deciduous teeth
The early loss of permanent teeth should be
considered as a “Malocclusion Maker”
Deciduous teeth not only serve as organs of
mastication, but as space savers for permanent teeth.
Loss of a deciduous 2nd
molar will lead to mesial drift
of the 1st
permanent molar and blocking of erupting
2nd
premolars. In this cases appropriate space
maintainers should be given
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59.
This is usually a secondary manifestation of a primary
disturbance
Severe crowding
Super numerary tooth
Retained deciduous tooth / root fragment
Bony barrier
Dentigerous cysts
Another form of abnormal eruption is referred as ectopic
eruption. Most common form is a permanent tooth
erupting through the alveolar process causing resorption on
a contiguous deciduous tooth or permanent teeth , rather
than its predecessor. Eg; maxillary first molar, causing
resorption of maxillary deciduous second molar.
Abnormal eruptive pathAbnormal eruptive path
www.indiandentalacademy.com
62. Improper dental restorationsImproper dental restorations
Silver mercury alloy restorations have a tendency
to “flow” under pressure. Large proximal restorations change
gradually under the assault of occlusal forces, and arch length is
increased. This may result in the creation of broken contacts,
rotations, crossbite conditions and functional prematurities. Lack
of anatomic detail in restoration of cuspal areas of a tooth can
permit elongation of opposing tooth.
Loose contacts also leads to food packing, teeth
tend to move apart and also leads to bone loss
www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. Knowledge about the various etiological factors of malocclusion will
help us to plan the various interceptive and preventive orthodontic
procedures.
It also helps in eliminating the etiological factor if it is of a
environmental type.
The recognition and reporting of a malocclusion or a condition that
could lead to a malocclusion is the most important service that a
dentist can provide to his patients. Malocclusion has an important
impact on the function and esthetics of the entire dentition. In fact,
malocclusion has a detrimental effect on the self esteem of many
children, adolescent and adult. If a malocclusion is not recognized by
either the dentist or the patient, it cannot be assessed and treated
A sound knowledge about the various factors that lead to
malocclusion, will definitely help is to render excellent treatment for
our patients with good retention and stability
Conclusion
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