Precision medicine, characterized by the customization of medical treatments based on individual patient characteristics, has opened new avenues for targeted and effective healthcare interventions. However, the integration of genomics, big data analytics, and personalized treatments in precision medicine research brings about ethical considerations that must be carefully navigated. Balancing scientific innovation with ethical principles is crucial to ensuring the responsible development and application of precision medicine.

1. Welcome
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PRECISION MEDICINE
RESEARCH
SAHITHI VADDIGANTI
Pharm D
Student ID : 236/122023
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2. Index:
• Definitions
• Introduction to precision medicine
• Difference between Precision Medicine and Personalized Medicine.
• Components of Precision Medicine
• Ethical Considerations
• Positions
• Conclusion
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3. Definition:
• Precision - the quality or state of being precise : exactness.
• The National Research Council’s Toward Precision Medicine (1) adopted the
definition of precision medicine from the President’s Council of Advisors on
Science and Technology in 2008 as: “The tailoring of medical treatment to the
individual characteristics of each patient…to classify individuals into
subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility to a particular disease or their
response to a specific treatment. Preventative or therapeutic interventions can
then be concentrated on those who will benefit, sparing expense and side effects
for those who will not”.
• As the definition suggests, the power of precision medicine lies in its ability to
guide health care decisions toward the most effective treatment for a given
patient, and thus, improve care quality, while reducing the need for unnecessary
diagnostic testing and therapies.
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• Precision medicine is a broad term that includes a variety different uses of genetic
information, such as molecular profiling of tumors, population screening, direct-to-
consumer genetic testing, pharmacogenomics, diagnostic testing, risk assessment,
and predictive risk testing. Precision medicine is defined as personalized care
based on an individual's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment.

5. Difference Between Precision Medicine and
Personalised Medicine:
• While precision medicine implies to a health care delivery model that relies
heavily on data, analytics, and knowledge, and where as personalized medicine
refers to an approach to patients that takes into account their genetic make-up
while also paying attention to their preferences, opinions, knowledge, and social
context.
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6. Components of Precision Medicine:
• The ideal precision medicine ecosystem connects clinicians, researchers, clinical
laboratories, and patients. With the introduction of EMRs and sophisticated IT
systems that support both research and health care delivery, patients (and
research participants) who agree to donate bio specimens and share their clinical
and research data are at the forefront of research contributions. Researchers use
data from samples associated with digital phenotypes, family histories, and
environmental exposure all of which are recorded during clinical care to produce
novel discoveries. A rising body of information gathered from clinical laboratory
is used by clinicians.
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• This compilation of data from multiple sources creates the foundation for
a potent precision medicine ecosystem, which when combined with other
ecosystems, results in the spread of knowledge that benefits other
systems. The government sponsors precision medicine research and
regulates precision medicine products; industry collaborates in the
development and commercialization of precision medicine products;
professional societies facilitate the training of the next generation of
researchers, clinicians, and policy analysts; and payers assess the
suitability of precision medicine interventions and the funding that
explains their use in healthcare. This is the extended precision medicine
ecosystem.

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9. Ethical Considerations:
• Def: A set of guidelines that direct your research ideas and procedures are
known as ethical considerations in research. There is a code of conduct that
scientists and researchers must always follow when getting information from
subjects.
• Precision medicine raises issues of patient and physician education, counseling,
privacy, confidentiality, cost, the patient's best interests, and justice.
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10. The Position Paper:
• Lisa Soleymani Lehmann, MD, PhD, led investigators in constructing a
document on behalf of the ACP Ethics, Professionalism and Human Rights
Committee (EPHRC).
• The paper consists of an executive summary of 4 positions on the subject
that's been revised to incorporate feedback from any and all included groups.
It was approved by the ACP Board of Regents on February 15, 2022.
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11. The 4 Positions of Precision Medicine :
• Position 1: Patient Interests, Evidence & Ethical Standards-
Like any testing, genetic testing needs to be conducted with the patient's best
interests, empirical data, and moral principles in mind. In order to fulfill their
ethical duty to provide high-quality treatment, doctors must weigh the advantages
and disadvantages of any test in light of the available scientific data.
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12. Position 2: Discussions About Opportunities &
Challenges
Doctors should be ready to discuss the ethical issues and potential benefits of
genetic testing and precision medicine with their patients.
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13. Position 3: Physician Assistance with Direct-to-
Consumer Genetic Testing
In order to comprehend the advantages, disadvantages, and uncertainty
surrounding direct-to-consumer genetic medical testing, patients will want support
from their doctors.
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14. Position 4: Safeguarding the Privacy of Patient
Information
Patients' privacy, confidentiality, and security including that of their genetic
information should be protected by medical professionals, health care systems, and
other parties having access to patient data.
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15. Thank You!
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