The document discusses the emerging field of precision medicine, which aims to provide personalized treatment based on individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. It highlights the importance of utilizing advanced tools such as big data, artificial intelligence, and various omics technologies to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. The integration of precision medicine with preventive healthcare is emphasized as a means to improve disease management and public health outcomes.

1. Welcome
Emerging Technologies And Tools In Precision Medicine
Research
Student’s Name: k. swapna reddy
Student’s Qualification: Pharm D
Student ID : 009/012024
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2. Index
• Introduction
• Aim
• History
• Traditional Versus Precision Medicine
• Precision Medicine
• Tools In Precision Medicine
• Integrity With Preventive Medicine And Public Health
• Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION
Now a days the practice of medicine remains largely emprical where
physicians relay on pattrens for establishing a diagnosis based on the
chief complaints , physical examination &lab data.
In general all we know that is the response for the treatment vary
from patient to patient due to heterogenicity.
The concept of precision medicine also termed as personalized
medicine or individualized medicine, is rapidly advancing field in
medical clinical and research settings.
In contrast to the one size fit approach it ami’s to optimize
effectiveness of disease prevention and treatment and also minimise
side effects.
Most of the medical treatments are designed for average patient
which may be useful for the fewpatients but not for the patients.
This approach takes into the different genes ,environment&lifestyles
of the people .
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4. AIM :
The main goal of the precision medicine is to provide more a precise
approach for the prevention of the disease and to provide better treatment
standards
The goal of precision medicine is to target the right treatment for the right
patient& and for the right time.
 It encourages early detection and prevention of health conditions in
individuals
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5. History
The concept of the precision medicine was not totally new beause it
was already existed during the time of the sir william osler – when
he said it is much more important to identify what sort of patient has
what sort of disease .
Study in the genomics help in the development of the precision
medicine .
The concpet of the precision medicine was actually brought to
limelight in 2015 by us president barrak obama to cure the diseases
such as diabetes & cancer.
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6. Traditional versus precision
medicine
• Traditional medicine is used as the one size fit all that which it
means in the same treatment is used for the patients with
common disease.
• In this way of treatment only few people show response to the
treatment and some other may not respond .
• The reasons for the inter individual differnces is due to the
difference in genes , age, gender, environment e.t.c.
• Precision medicine seeks to take a population with varying in
genes environmental and other factors for identifying the best
treatment.
• The emerging use of the personlized medicine helps for
providing the better treatment for indivuals to a specific
treatment.
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7. Precision medicine
• Precision medicine is "an emerging approach for disease
treatment and prevention that takes into account individual
variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person."
• This approach will allow doctors and researchers to predict
more accurately which treatment and prevention strategies for a
particular disease will work in which groups of people. It is in
contrast to a "one-size-fits-all" approach, in which disease
treatment and prevention strategies are developed for the
average person, with less consideration for the differences
between individuals.
• In theory, the concept of precision medicine in clinical practice
has been applied since initial efforts to classify disease and
administer a specific treatment on the basis of this diagnosis.
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8. Title
• Example:
More recent examples include the testing for specific
mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer
patients, or the treatment of cystic fibrosis tailored to
target the specific cause underlying the condition in a
specific individual.
Precision medicine is intersection between :
I. Individuals
II. Markers of health
III. Environment
IV. Behavioral health
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9. Tools of precision medicine
there are various tools where precision medicine can achive
the best treatment for individual patients .
It include the following :
1. Omics
2. Big data
3. Artificial intellegence and machine learning
4. Environmental,social& behaiouraL FACTORS
5. Integration with preventive medicine and public health.
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10. OMICS
• This technology helped in providing the snapshot of any
biological system of intrest at resolution that has never
happen before.
• The high resolution and high throughput outcomes
constitute omics.
• There is plethora of omics terms derived from different
types of biomolecules in cells of human body.
Types of omics ;
Proteomics
Metabolomics
Epigenomics
Microomics
Pharmaco omics .
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11. Big data
• The data obtained from clinical information,
complex.biomolecular assays, radiological investigations,
social and environmental factors are collected together
forming a large amount of data for an individual and
subpopulation which is referred to as the Big Data. These
data are obtained through electronic medical records,
scanners,
• biosensors, social media and the various omics including
• DNA sequences, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes,
• epigenomes and microbiomes.43 The term “panoromic”
• has been used to denote the multiple biologic omic tech-
• nologies which form a major part of the Big Data.44 These
• data can also be collected from various bio-sensor devices
• such as smart phones and other wearable smart devices.
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12. Artificial intelligence & machine
learning
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can process
volumes of data in a timely manner through the bio- informatics
system. Al and ML. can integrate and convert Big Data into useful
diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Data storing, handling and
analysis are best carried out using these methods. They can also
handle all statistical challenges more efficiently than traditional
methods.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can process
volumes of data in a timely manner through the bio- informatics
system. Al and ML. can integrate and convert Big Data into
useful diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Data storing,
handling and analysis are best carried out using these methods.
They can also handle all statistical challenges more efficiently
than traditional methods. Internal and external validation of
study models are another area where they will shine. Data
mining and removing the noise
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13. Environmental Social& behavioural
factors
It has been increasingly realized that apart from genes, there are
many other important determinants of health. Genetic
factors have been attributed to account for only up to 30% in
determining the health of any individual. That leaves more
than two third of health being determined by four other fac-
tors including human behaviour (40%), social circumstances
(15%), environmental exposures (5%) and healthcare (10%).
Unlike genetic factors, most of the behavioural, social and
environmental factors can be modified to alter the risk of any
given disease for an individual in future especially if we know
the genetic predisposition of the disease.
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14. Integration with preventive medicine and
public health
Integration with preventive medicine and public health
With increasing ability to not only measure but also to store
and share data related to health in addition to the
abundance
of available genetic testing tools, integration of precision
medicine with public health will be a very productive union.
Electronic health records of a population can be accessed
and
along with information from other data, health risks can be
gauged, to identify sub populations at higher risk so that
preventive modalities can be targeted to this subpopulation.
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15. Conclusion
Precision medicine has the importance to enhance diagnostic
accuracy, optimize treatment and minimize adverse effects by
targeting specific target pathways associated with diseases. It helps
provide the individualized treatment for different population.
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16. Thank You!
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