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Communication Media
Communication Media
Media/ Means of Communication
Verbal
Oral
Written
Non-Verbal
Sign Language
Visual signs
Audio Signs
Body Language
Verbal Communication
Oral One-On-One Conversation
Meetings
Phone Calls
Presentations
Video Conferences
Written Memorandums
Letters
E-Mails
Reports
Orders
Verbal Communication
Writing
9%
Listening
45%
Reading
16%
Speaking
30%
Oral V/S Written Communication
• More personal and
informal
• Immediate impact
ORAL
COMMUNICATION
• Better for complex and
difficult subjects
• Better for keeping records
WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
Oral V/S Written Communication
• It saves time, money and energy
• Suitable for small messages
• Less retention
ORAL
COMMUNICATION
• It consumes a lot of time, money and
energy
• Suitable for lengthy messages
• Rate of retention is higher
WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
Oral V/S Written Communication
• No legal validity
• Better for conveying feelings and emotions
• Knowledge of non-verbal cues is necessary
ORAL
COMMUNICATION
• Serves as a legal document
• It can be revised before transmitting
• No help from non-verbal cues
WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
Non- Verbal Communication
Non-verbal Communication
Effective communication is the combined
harmony of verbal and nonverbal actions.
Nonverbal communication consists of body
movement, facial expressions and eye movement.
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Kinesics
Para Language
Kinesics
Defined –
The study
of
Posture Movement Gestures & Facial
Expressions
Kinesics
Eye Contact
Facial expressions
Emotions
Gestures
Postures
Touches
Eye Contact
Often eye to eye contact is important to
develop open and honest
communication
Eye contact when listening often
shows that the person is engaged in
listening
Eye contact an help people to feel
comfortable and valued
Facial Expressions –
Universal facial expressions
Happiness
Sadness
Anger
Disgust
Fear
Surprise
Facial Expressions
Gestures (Hands and arms)
Gestures, e.g:
handshake
Changing their
meanings over a
period of time
How to tell someone
to be quiet in a library?
We use gesture when
our voice engaged,
e.g: talking on the
telephone, we used
gesture to tell another
person to come and sit
down
Postures
The way in
which we
position our
bodies
Early age:
“sit up straight”,
“shoulder back” –
instruction heard at
home or school
Upright
posture –
people
who have
confident
(police,
army)
Posture is
another
sign of the
status and
role within
society
(army,
police)
Postures
Use posture as one
means of indicating to
another person our
feelings of friendship or
hostility
“hands on
hips” –
confrontational
and hostile
Group – imitating the
postures of the people
they are with (mirroring,
postural congruence)
Cross legs,
fold their arms
Reinforce
group identities
Touching - Haptics
Physical contact
such as holding,
hitting, kissing,
stroking,
shaking hands,
guiding.
Linked to
proxemics.
Touch is very
important in our
early
development.
Many rules and
taboos
regulating
physical
contact.
Dress
Dress – we combine items of clothing
and the appropriateness of certain types
of styles of dress to specific situation.
Funeral – people wear black or dark
coloured clothes as a symbol or
mourning ~ avoid colour clashes.
Dress
Dress
Time
dependent
dress code
Office - formal
Relaxing or
socialising –
casual
Initial
judgments
about people
because of
their clothes
Dress –
one aspect of
the physical
appearance
Paralanguage
Pitch Volume Rate Quality Intonation
Paralanguage
Those utterances
that we make when
we are speaking
• When we speak, we make noise
that aren’t words (‘um’ or ‘ah’),
we raise and lower voices, we
pause, we stress some words
Barriers to Communication
Barriers to Communication
A communication of the
message is successful only
when both the sender and
the receiver perceive it in
the same manner. It is very
important to understand the
causes of communication
breakdown.
Barriers to Communication
Communication Barriers
Physical
Noise
Darkness
Distance
Fatigue
Semantic
Language
Words
Pictures
Symbols
Psychological
Values
Perceptions
Distrust
Poor
listening
habits
Thank You

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Essentials of-communication

  • 1.
  • 3. Communication Media Media/ Means of Communication Verbal Oral Written Non-Verbal Sign Language Visual signs Audio Signs Body Language
  • 4. Verbal Communication Oral One-On-One Conversation Meetings Phone Calls Presentations Video Conferences Written Memorandums Letters E-Mails Reports Orders
  • 6. Oral V/S Written Communication • More personal and informal • Immediate impact ORAL COMMUNICATION • Better for complex and difficult subjects • Better for keeping records WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
  • 7. Oral V/S Written Communication • It saves time, money and energy • Suitable for small messages • Less retention ORAL COMMUNICATION • It consumes a lot of time, money and energy • Suitable for lengthy messages • Rate of retention is higher WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
  • 8. Oral V/S Written Communication • No legal validity • Better for conveying feelings and emotions • Knowledge of non-verbal cues is necessary ORAL COMMUNICATION • Serves as a legal document • It can be revised before transmitting • No help from non-verbal cues WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
  • 10. Non-verbal Communication Effective communication is the combined harmony of verbal and nonverbal actions. Nonverbal communication consists of body movement, facial expressions and eye movement.
  • 11. Types of Nonverbal Communication Kinesics Para Language
  • 12. Kinesics Defined – The study of Posture Movement Gestures & Facial Expressions
  • 14. Eye Contact Often eye to eye contact is important to develop open and honest communication Eye contact when listening often shows that the person is engaged in listening Eye contact an help people to feel comfortable and valued
  • 15. Facial Expressions – Universal facial expressions Happiness Sadness Anger Disgust Fear Surprise
  • 17. Gestures (Hands and arms) Gestures, e.g: handshake Changing their meanings over a period of time How to tell someone to be quiet in a library? We use gesture when our voice engaged, e.g: talking on the telephone, we used gesture to tell another person to come and sit down
  • 18. Postures The way in which we position our bodies Early age: “sit up straight”, “shoulder back” – instruction heard at home or school Upright posture – people who have confident (police, army) Posture is another sign of the status and role within society (army, police)
  • 19. Postures Use posture as one means of indicating to another person our feelings of friendship or hostility “hands on hips” – confrontational and hostile Group – imitating the postures of the people they are with (mirroring, postural congruence) Cross legs, fold their arms Reinforce group identities
  • 20. Touching - Haptics Physical contact such as holding, hitting, kissing, stroking, shaking hands, guiding. Linked to proxemics. Touch is very important in our early development. Many rules and taboos regulating physical contact.
  • 21. Dress Dress – we combine items of clothing and the appropriateness of certain types of styles of dress to specific situation. Funeral – people wear black or dark coloured clothes as a symbol or mourning ~ avoid colour clashes.
  • 22. Dress Dress Time dependent dress code Office - formal Relaxing or socialising – casual Initial judgments about people because of their clothes Dress – one aspect of the physical appearance
  • 23. Paralanguage Pitch Volume Rate Quality Intonation
  • 24. Paralanguage Those utterances that we make when we are speaking • When we speak, we make noise that aren’t words (‘um’ or ‘ah’), we raise and lower voices, we pause, we stress some words
  • 26. Barriers to Communication A communication of the message is successful only when both the sender and the receiver perceive it in the same manner. It is very important to understand the causes of communication breakdown.
  • 27. Barriers to Communication Communication Barriers Physical Noise Darkness Distance Fatigue Semantic Language Words Pictures Symbols Psychological Values Perceptions Distrust Poor listening habits