Chemical Equilibrium Lab Report

Essay on Isp 217l
Water and the Environment Laboratory ISP 217L Spring 2011 Laboratory Manual* Table of
Contents Exercise Lab 1. How much does temperature vary in large and small aquatic
environments? Lab 2. What determines the water clarity of lakes, rivers and oceans? Lab 3. Where
does the phosphorus go? Lab 4. How does human activity in watersheds affect the quality of lakes
and rivers? Lab 5. Are the Great Lakes being influenced by the global greenhouse effect? Lab 6.
How is the flow of the Red Cedar River influenced by the weather? Lab 7. What is the relationship
between flow and turbidity in the Red Cedar River? Page 2 4 6 8 12 15 18 * Note that the Excel
Manual is a separate booklet. Revised 12/10 JDW ISP217L Laboratory Manual Spring ... Show
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If temperature varies from 16 to 25 degrees each day, the standard deviation of temperature will be
greater than if temperature only varies from 20 to 22 degrees each day. The standard deviation can
be calculated using Excel (we will see how in class). You will want to make graphs and/or tables of
these relationships for your report. Here is an example of the type of graph you will need to make.
By convention, the independent variable (the "cause") is plotted on the x–axis, while the dependent
variable (the "effect" or consequence) is plotted on the y–axis. In the example below, which is the
independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Age (years) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Height (cm) 91 99 107 112 117 124 130 135 140 145 150 155 200 Height (cm) 150 100 50 0 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Age (yrs) Figure 1. Children's height vs. age Questions to answer in your lab
report. NOTE: some questions pertain to the week 1 exercise, some to week 2, and others to both.
How is the amount of temperature variation related to the volume of the water body? How might
you measure the speed of temperature change? How would you expect the speed of change to vary
with habitat volume? Are water temperatures different than air temperatures? How are they
different? Are there any cyclical patterns in the temperature–logged data ("time series") from Angel?
If so, what do you think caused these repeating patterns? Based on the results of this exercise, how
might you
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5.03 FLVS Chem Lab Essay
05.03 Gas Laws: Lab Report
Directions: Read/ Study all the lesson information in the 5.03 lesson then click the activity tab to
perform two virtual labs. (There are recorded Teaching Videos for lesson 5.03. To view them click
the "Help Sign" on the announcement page. Next scroll down to Lesson 5.03 stuff and you should
see 5 part video links that will cover the lesson content.)
Virtual Lab 1– Part I: Boyle's Law
A sample of gas is trapped in a sealed container, which has a movable lid. Moving the lid up or
down will change the volume inside the container. You will use an attached manometer to measure
the pressure inside the container.
Procedure:
1. Move the lid of the container up or down. Record the resulting volume and pressure ... Show
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Virtual Lab Part 2: Charles's Law
Procedure:
1. Carefully measure the volume of the trapped gas using the graduations (markings) on the side of
the container.
2. Read and record the temperature of the gas using the thermometer attached to the container.
3. Use the buttons on the heater to change the temperature of the gas. The volume of the gas will
change in response to the temperature change. Notice that the container is sealed and the pressure is
adjusted so that it remains constant. Measure and record the volume and temperature of the
contained gas.
4. Continue this process until data is obtained for at least six different temperatures. Be sure that the
temperatures represent a large range of values in order to help you answer questions about the
relationship between temperature and volume.
Present all relevant data in a data table below. Include an observations section for any observations
you made during the lab. Make sure you note the data needs to be converted before graphing.
Data and Observations:
Part 2: Charles's Law Lab Data
Dataset
New Temperature in ¬∞C
Temp Converted to Kelvin
(add 273 to the ¬∞C)
New Volume in mL
Volume Converted to Liters (divide mL by 1000)

1

2

3

4

5

6


Intermolecular Forces
Oakland Schools Chemistry Resource Unit Intermolecular Forces Brook R. Kirouac David A.
Consiglio, Jr. Southfield‚ÄêLathrup High School Southfield Public Schools Bonding:
Intermolecular Forces Content Statements: C2.2: Chemical Potential Energy Potential energy is
stored whenever work must be done to change the distance between two objects. The attraction
between the two objects may be gravitational, electrostatic, magnetic, or strong force. Chemical
potential energy is the result of electrostatic attractions between atoms. C3.3: Heating Impacts
Heating increases the kinetic (translational, rotational, and vibrational) energy of the atoms
composing elements and the molecules or ions composing compounds. As the kinetic ... Show more
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Now we will focus on intermolecular forces. The Nature of Intermolecular Forces: The
Intermolecular Forces (forces between molecules) are weaker than Intramolecular Forces (The
Chemical Bonds within an Individual Molecule). This distinction is the reason we define the
molecule in the first place. The properties of matter result from the properties of the individual
molecule (resulting from chemical bonding) and how the molecules act collectively (resulting from
intermolecular forces). Intermolecular Forces are longest–ranged (act strongly over a large distance)
when they are electrostatic. Interaction of Charge Monopoles (simple charges) is the longest–
ranged electrostatic force. Charge–Charge forces (found in ionic crystals) For like charges (+,+)
or (–,–), this force is always repulsive. For unlike charges (+,–), this force is always attractive.
Charge–Dipole Forces: An uncharged molecule can still have an electric dipole moment. Electric
Dipoles arise from opposite but equal charges separated by a distance. Molecules that possess a
dipole moment are called Polar molecules (remember the polar covalent bond?). Water is polar and
has a dipole moment of 1.85 Debye. The Debye is a unit of dipole moment and has a value of 3.336
x 10–30 Coulomb meter. When salt is dissolved in water, the ions of the salt dissociate from each
other and associate with the dipole of the water molecules. This results in a solution

Engineering Studies- HSC Course
Engineering Studies – HSC Course
Assessment Task 2
Page 1........................................................................................Title Page
Page 2........................................................................................Material Properties
Page 3........................................................................................Reynolds 853
Page 4........................................................................................Reynolds X100
Page 5........................................................................................Titanium alloy
Page 6........................................................................................7005 Aluminium alloy
Page 7........................................................................................Carbon Fibre
Page 8........................................................................................4130 Chromium Molybdenum Steel
Page 9........................................................................................Results
Page 10.......................................................................................Table of Materials
Page 11.......................................................................................Conclusion
Page 12.......................................................................................Recommendation
Page ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The inclusion of lithium in Reynolds X100 makes sure to block any dislocations within the alloys
crystal structure, giving it an outstanding fatigue resistance.
Reynolds X100 as stated in paragraph one two has a lack of strength compared to steel. The best
way to deal with this is to increase the tubular diameter making it ovular that makes up the bike
frame, hence also making sure that it is very resistant to bending. Though these enlarged and

irregular sections are difficult to design and employ, the added stiffness to the frame is extensive.
Unlike steel, we see that X100 (due to aluminium) has tremendous shock absorption, making the
ride of a 'Reynolds X100' frame much more comfortable.
X100 is a seemingly average alloy, when it comes to joining it follows this path. To join aluminium
it is naturally difficult to welded, and more complicated difficult processes must be used (inert gases
are required to join members (MIG)).
Conclusively 'Reynolds X100' is more expensive than steel, due to its large percentage of
aluminium, yet still not greatly expensive. In an ethical sense, the production of these bikes will not
be wasteful, as aluminium is recyclable. It has great weight, very resistant to forms of decay and
resistance to fatigue. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to repair, as the joining methods take large
amounts of time and are very costly.
(http://www.reade.com/products, 2012)

A Report On Chemical Equilibrium
Garcia 1
Chemical Equilibrium
Alvin Garcia
ID 3256622
Lab partner: Allison Galea, Valentina
TA: Lissette Lozano–Lewis
Formal lab report
CHM 4610 L
07/14/15
Table of Contents Garcia 2 Page.
Name, student ID, course number, date, report, title, section, Instructor's name....... 1st
Table of Contents.............................................................................. 2nd
Purpose.......................................................................................... 3rd
Introduction.....................................................................................3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th
Procedure........................................................................................6th, 7th, 8th, 9th
Results.............................................................................................. 9th, 11th
Data Analysis Calculations................................................................. 11th – 19th
Discussion / Conclusion....................................................................... 19th – 21st
References....................................................................................... 21st
Garcia 3
Introduction
Chemical equilibrium is the study of change within a chemical reaction and how far it will go to
reach a dynamic equilibrium (Burdge). Dynamic equilibrium is defined as the constant movement of
species in a chemical reaction, gone to incompletion while the rates of production and consumption
are equal (Kf = Kr ) (Burdge). It differs from static equilibrium in that species are constantly being
consumed and produced, it is dynamic movement (Fox). The concentration of such species do not
change, it remains constant (Fox). The rate at which species are being

PRODUCTION OPERATIONS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
OF LABSA
Sulphonation – The Process Most electrophilic substitution reactions are irreversible but sulfonation
is an exception. Treatment of benzene with oleum (a solution of SO3 in concentrated sulfuric
acid) will give the sulfonic acid, the electrophilic species being sulfur trioxide which is Lewis
acidic. Fig – 1 Sulphonation : Benzene equation The sulfonic acid can be converted back by
treatment with hot aqueous acid. The reason for this reversibility is the fact that the Wheland
intermediate is overall neutral and therefore more stable than other, positively charged
intermediates. Hence, under forcing reaction conditions, the energy difference in progressing in
either the forward or backward sense from the Wheland intermediate is ... Show more content on
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Bulk Density: 700kg/dm3 approx... The regeneration is carried out by heating with air at 150 degree
Celsius. A checking about the effective regeneration is made by verifying the Silica gel indicator
through the sight glasses, as well as by verifying the outlet temp., of the regeneration air on the
recording thermometer. When the regeneration is accomplished the silica gel mass has a temperature
quite near 150 degree Celsius. Therefore it is necessary to cool the silica gel thus allowing it to
adsorb the humidity of the air crossing it. Note – The four way valves are provided with a drive by
pneumatic cylinders which are remote controlled energizing some solenoid valve suitably. Air
drying and cooling Air that is utilized in the production of LABSA has to be cooled first and then
dried to ensure its feasibility for further reactions. Air is cooled by passing it through a heat
exchanger containing the coolant mono–ethylene glycol; at a temperature of 0 to –2 degree Celsius.
The coolant ensures condensation of air to around 5 degree Celsius. After cooling air to the required
temperature it has to be dried to remove traces of moisture present in it. For this purpose air is
passed through a cylinder filled with silica gel. The silica–gel brings the dew point of the water in
the air down to stay –40 degrees Celsius. This means that the air is dry as if the air was cooled down
to –40 degrees Celsius. In practice two cylinders with silica–gel are used; one for

A Case Control Study On Birth Defects
In 2002, a case–control study was started in Brittanny, France. The candidates were women who
were well into their second trimester (Douglas). Out of this study, they concluded that 79 out of the
580 babies were born with birth defects (Douglas). The mothers were questioned about their home
lives and their hobbies, along with their occupation. Twenty–nine percent of the women were found
to be exposed to these solvents based on the products they use in their home while twenty–one
percent of women were exposed to harmful products through their profession (Douglas). Women
who reported regular exposure to solvents were four times more likely to have a baby with an oral
cleft as compared to women who did not report regular exposure. Using job ... Show more content
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Hormones are the building blocks of life. Without them, you can't create new lives. However,
hormones are starting to cause people to worry. Breast development is on the rise. Girls, on average,
are beginning to mature and grow breasts at the age of nine, which causes one to raise suspicion
considering how the average in the 1960's was around age 11 (Steingraber 746). Early breast
development can be linked to breast cancer later on in life. A common misconception is that all
man–made chemicals are harmful, and all natural chemicals are good for us. However, many natural
chemicals are just as harmful to human health, if not more so (Lorch). Dorea Reeser provides a
different perspective to counteract the harmful effects of manmade chemicals. Dorea Reeser upholds
a Ph. D. in environmental chemistry at the University of Toronto. She researches and studies the
chemical reactions at water surfaces, and how the chemical and physical properties influence these
reactions and the release of important trace gases into the troposphere.
The idea that nature can harm us is not new. Have you ever heard of malaria, HIV, tuberculosis,
botulism or tetanus? Why, then, are so many convinced that anything and everything natural is
healthier for us than synthetic products? It 's true that modern chemistry has brought us a number of
toxic chemicals, like DDT and dioxins, but do you really think that nature 's chemicals are any less

Safety And Health Directives
This paper examines the implication to establish measures that provide safety and health directives
concerning areas involving painting operations, gas and electric welding, cutting, brazing, or
equivalent conflagration or spark generating operations towards safeguarding personnel and
property in contrast to heat, developed gases and fumes, electrical shock, and radiation meant for all
personnel responsible for ground work, managing, and accompanying painting, welding and cutting
operations (Mroszczyk, 2012). Personnel is mandated to use sanctioned painting, welding, and
cutting equipment and follow the manufacturer's instructions. Equipment will maintain a continuous
operational status and a safe working order at all times. Personnel will report any equipment
deficiency or safety hazard to a proprietor, and the use of such equipment must be unobtainable until
it is repaired by qualified personnel. Mroszczyk (2012) writes that painting, cutting or welding
operations must be performed in areas with adequate ventilation to keep fumes and gases within
safe limits. Local exhaust ventilation must be used when potentially hazardous materials are being
worked ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ACGIH (2005) continuation rate suggested to diminish the likelihood of brain injury. OSHA
endures to use a rate of 5 mg/m3 as an extreme quantity rate for the PEL for manganese. In terms of
protecting people from brain damage, the OSHA PEL is not a suitable assessment (ACGIH, 2005).
OSHA (2010) has of late embraced an updated Permissible Exposure Limit for hexavalent
chromium. This PEL is set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1026 as 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air
(5¬µg/m3). Since there are 1000 micrograms in a milligram, this assessment may be inscribed as
0.005 mg/m3. 5¬µg/m3 is the same as 0.005 mg/m3 (OSHA,

The Role Of Carbon Capture And Storage On Climate Change...
The role of carbon capture and storage in climate change mitigation
Why the interest in CCS?
As anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions increase atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations,
the resulting climate system warming poses an increasingly serious environmental challenge.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is now very likely that
these emissions are responsible for most of the recent measured global average surface temperature
increase, totalling about 0.65?C or 0.10 – 0.16?C per decade between 1956 and 2005
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007). As shown in Figure 1.1, equilibrium
global temperatures depend on the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions (ibid).
Rising global temperatures increase the risk of extreme changes in the climate and impacts natural
systems supporting water availability, species habitat, and food production.
A significant global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is required to limit these risks and
impacts ((IPCC), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007); (National Research Council,
2011). In particular, there is some consensus that this warming should be limited to 2?C above pre–
industrial levels (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007); (National Acadamy of
Science, 2011), requiring an 80%–85% decrease in global CO2 emissions by mid–century
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007) . If these goals to reduce the risks
associated

Physical And Chemical Changes Lab Report
Title: Physical and Chemical Changes
Purpose: Recognize and distinguish between chemical and physical changes
Apparatus and Material: evaporating dish, Bunsen burner, wood splint, test tubes, micro spatula,
dropper, mortar and pestle, test tube holder, safety goggles, lab apron.
Piece of paper, NaCl (sodium chloride), water, 6 M HCL (hydrochloric acid), 0.1 M AgNO3 (silver
nitrate), Mg ribbon, 6 M HCL (hydrochloric acid), CuSO4 5 H2O, 0.50g iron fillings, 0.50g of
powdered sulfur, magnet, copper sulfate solution, zinc metal
Safety: When heating a substance in a test tube, be sure the open end of the test tube points away
from yourself and others. Handle all acids with extra caution. Always wear safety goggles when
handling acids. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heated crystals change color from blue to white; water vapor forms on the walls of the test tube.
Addition of water turns the heated crystals from white back to dark–blue, almost teal color.
5. Sulfur appears as yellow powder; iron is dark–brown powder; mixed together, they look like dirt.
Iron becomes attracted to the magnet, following it if it's close enough; sulfur does not. Magnet can
be used to separate the two mixtures.
6. On heating the iron–sulfur mixture, the sulfur melts and reacts with the iron exothermically to
first evaporate into a yellow gas, then form a reddish–orange, solidified substance that glows. The
substance releases an unpleasant odor of rotten eggs. The iron on the bottom turns black and does
not react with a magnet. The glowing substance turns out to be a soft solid when probed.
7. Zinc is a silver solid with a light mass. Addition of zinc metal to copper sulfate solution results in
an exothermic reaction that produces a brown–reddish precipitate (copper). Zinc becomes coated
with the copper precipitate, thus becoming dark.
Conclusions and data:
1. a) tearing paper – physical change; retaining of properties, no new substances created
b) burning paper – chemical change, gas and heat given off (evidence of chemical reaction)
c) dissolving NaCl – physical change; solution formed, but individual properties retained; separation
possible by distillation.
d) mixing NaCl and AgNO3 – chemical change; white precipitate, or

Benefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos ) Essay
Life on earth began approximately 3.5 billion years ago and, since the rapid diversification of most
major living phyla (known as The Cambrian Explosion), evolution has given rise to an
extraordinarily diverse range of life forms. Evolution has resulted in various species with a wide
range of traits, each with the potential to be utilized by human–kind. By modifying these organisms
through cross–breeding and artificial selection to create crops with desirable traits, the agriculture
industry has found a way to produce essential food crops and a way to 'feed the world'.
In the 1970s, Morrow et al. developed a technique that allowed them to cut DNA from one organism
and splice it with the DNA of another – and thus modern biotechnology was born. Today, it is
possible to sidestep the relatively slow process of evolution by modifying genes of plants and
animals in the lab. Presently, such modifications allow for pest and herbicide resistance; faster crop
production; more nutritious food sources; and even disease resistance .
Despite these purported benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), there is considerable
debate surrounding their use. In the public sphere, beliefs concerning GMO tend to be dominated by
two markedly opposing narratives – and it seems that one can only be in one of two camps:
I. Critics of GMO: Arguing that the use of GMO is not justified as it is unnatural, unsafe, and may
have long term environmental impacts.
II. Advocates of GMO: Arguing that

Iodp Site 913 Glaciations
The Onset of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation
By Christina Ohrazda
Student at Stockholm University
28.09.15
Introduction
The Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) is believed to have initiated into large scale, permanent
ice sheets ~2.5 Ma, which is almost 31.5 Ma after the initiation of the Antarctica ice sheets. There
are many possible causes for the onset of this climate event, some of which we will be reviewing in
this essay. In this essay we will look at the cores from IODP and ODP sites 302, Arctic Ocean; 913,
Greenland basin; and 907, north of Iceland, in order to identify the characteristics and possible
causes of the northern hemisphere glaciations. First we will look at the evidence for the onset of this
event and the proxies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, proxies show that the initiation of IRD ~46.25 Ma at site 306, correspond to a 1000 ppm
decrease in CO2 gases in the atmosphere (See Figure 5. Note. From 'Cenozoic ice–rafting history of
the central Arctic Ocean: Terrigenous sands on the Lomonosov Ridge' (St. John 2007)). This
correlation between IRD and pCO2 is critical since it leads us to the hypothesis that a decline of
pCO2 could have driven the climate in the polar regions over a temperature threshold, which
enabled the onset of continental glaciers and ice sheets on the surface of the Arctic Sea (St. John
2008). This is only one of many possible reasons of the NHG onset, where other potential causes
suggested for the initiation of the NHG are: events of mountain building; plateau uplift in southern
Asia and the American West; Volcanic triggering, resulting in aerosols in the atmosphere; and the
closure of Panama Seaway, which would have changed the whole ocean circulation and distribution
of cold vs. warm ocean water (St. John et al.

Contamination Caused by Pesticides in Our Environment
The environmental contamination is a most important universal problem in present scenario.
Diverse use of pesticides in agricultural usage causes to numerous environmental problems. These
pesticide residues in drinking water lead to increasing concern in health prospect. Vast usage of
some pesticides contributes to contamination of water bodies mostly, surface and ground water
sources. Misuse, accidental spillage, and improper disposal have resulted in extensive groundwater
pollution (Edgehill et al., 1982). Chlorophenols such as penta–chlorophenol (PCP) and
tetrachloropenol (TeCP) and their salts, are broad spectrum biocides that have been used in
agriculture, industry and public health since the 1920s, and are designated as priority pollutants in
the list of hazardous wastes [Zheng, et al., 2004]. Several toxic chemical, agrochemical and
pharmaceutical industries are discharging poisonous effluents without appropriate treatment. These
hazardous wastes are potential threat to human and animal life. Trace amounts of organochlorine
pesticides present in water and wastewater are the almost difficult to separate from water. Therefore
there is a demand for the efficient removal of organic effluents from aqueous phase. Chemical used
to kill pests mostly those of organochlorine pesticides were critically prohibited in several countries
due to their toxicity and stability in the environment, PCP comes under this group. PCP is found in
two forms as a sodium salt of PCP (C6HCl5O)

Chalcogen Essay
Also known as the oxygen family, chalcogens are sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium(Te), and
polonium (Po). Oxygen (O) is also in group 16, where chalcogens are located on the periodic table.
While it is defined as a chalcogen, oxygen and oxides are often separated from chalcogens because
its chemical behavior is much different than that of the other elements in the group. The other
elements in the group show similar patterns in their electron configurations resulting in similar
chemical behavior. The name chalcogen means ore former, derived from the Greek words chalcos:
ore and –gen: formation. An interesting fact is that oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth,
second most in the Atmosphere, and third in the whole universe. It is ... Show more content on
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Selenium itself is a nontoxic element, but when made into a compound, it can become very toxic.
For example, Hydrogen selenide is intolerable to humans. Tellurium's name is derived from the latin
word for earth, tellus. It is very brittle and has a silvery–white appearance. When a human is
exposed to even the smallest amount of Tellurium, they develop Tellurium breath, which smells
like garlic. It was discovered by Franz Joseph MŒ¥ller von Reichenstein, who was a the chief
inspector of mines in Transylvania, but was name by M. Klaproth. Polonium, which is very
poisonous and radioactive, was discovered by Marie Curie. She named it after her native country,
Poland. It is very rare and is made only in small quantities through a nuclear reaction of bismuth. An
interesting fact about polonium is that there actually is no real world use for it, but it can be used as
a poison.
This should be a paragraph about history which this thesis statement is NOT representative of. Once
again this paragraph is a list of facts not a summary of trends with specific examples. You need to
cut back.
The Chalcogens group of elements is comprised of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and
polonium. Joseph Priestly discovered the element Oxygen in 1776. Priestly loved to experiment and
did many experiments of carbon dioxide, even with his meager money intake. These experiments
led him eventually to experimenting on the isolation of oxygen. Although Priestly was the

Analysis: Global Semiconductor Industry
Global Semiconductor Industry An Analysis Semiconductor industry is relatively a new field as
compared to other fields of technology and merely consists of several decades. It has been showing
substantial growth since past 40 years with global sales increasing at a compound rate of 9% p.a.
With all the technological advancements taking place every day, it is one of those very few
industries which haven't sustained major losses in the times of depression. Although it does shows
cyclic nature like any other industry however the downturns and uplifts have a moderate nature.
This is the reason why economic crunch of 2001 and 2009 were not a major blow for semiconductor
sector. And in present era of recovery, the industry is showing growth. However, it is the structure of
this industry which can have a threatening effect on its future. United States and European countries
are the major producers of semiconductors and the major advancements taking place are also
contributed by these two regions. Where US economy is showing sluggish recovery and European
sector is already under burden because of banking crisis and doubtful future of Euro, further
worsening of situation can also form dark clouds over semiconductor industry (Kazmierski, 2011)..
The semiconductor industry thrives due to rapid technological advancement and innovations
contributed by various countries of the world. Where European Union and United States have been
leading the industry, the Asian countries are now

Engineering Heat Report
H8 HEAT AND SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
ENB130 SEM 1 PRAC 2
JOSHUA KEARNEY; n8351937, PARTNER: Mike Lagendyk
2011
Joshua Kearney
Queensland university of Technology
5/16/2011
H8 HEAT AND SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
ENB130 SEM 1 PRAC 2
JOSHUA KEARNEY; n8351937, PARTNER: Mike Lagendyk
2011
Joshua Kearney
Queensland university of Technology
5/16/2011
Aim
To measure the Latent heat of fusion of ice.
Introduction/ Background
Within this experiment all units implemented were converted to SI units and all data was recorded
to four significant digits. Therefore, all distances were measured in metres, time in seconds and
weight in kilograms.
In order to determine the Latent heat of fusion of ice the following equations were ... Show more
Temp of water and calorimeter (·µíC) | 22.90 | 27.10 | 29.70 |
The specific heat capacity of steel was calculated and produced a value of JKg.¬∞C .
Data Analysis
In order to effectively analyse the data collected two sets of calculations were conducted. The first
for the Latent heat of fusion required to melt ice and the second to determine the heat capacity of
one of the metals tested.
In order to calculate the Latent heat of fusion the following equation was used:

LF = mwcwT2–T1+mcccT2–T1–micwŒîTimi
Lf= 0.08√ó4.18√ó103√ó8.7+0.12√ó0.38√ó103√ó8.7+(0.0137√ó(4.18√ó103)√ó8.4)0.0137
Lf=2909.28+1440.72+481.030.0137
Lf=3.71√ó105JKg.‚ÑÉ
To calculate the heat capacity of steel the following calculations were conducted:
METAL 1 cm= (mccc+mwcw)(Tf–Tw)mm(Tm–Tf)
cm=

Mendeleev 's The Periodic Table Of The Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev, who developed the periodic table of the elements, was one of sciences most
influential leaders. Before Mendeleev, religion and beliefs shaped people's choices rather than
science and facts. Mendeleev's fame and dedication changed that. Throughout his life, Mendeleev
was a leader in science and the legacy he left behind led others to discover new elements and
facilitate chemistry for generations to come. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on February
8th, 1834 in Tobolsk, Russia. Mendeleev was the seventeenth child out of seventeen born to Ivan
Mendeleev and Maria Kornilyeva. Three of the children died at birth. All fourteen of the children
who lived received Christian names. Mendeleev's father, Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev, became blind
the same year Mendeleev was born, which left the family in a difficult position. While Mendeleev's
family was affluent and successful, they did not have excess wealth. After his father became blind
and unable to work, Mendeleev's mother took a job governing her brother's glass factory in hope
that the money would assist in raising her children. The outcome was dismal and eventually the
glass factory burnt down. At age seven, a year earlier than was normally allowed, Mendeleev started
his education at the gymnasium his father had taught at. Throughout his primary education,
Mendeleev was average in all classes except chemistry, where he earned much higher marks. He
graduated a year early from the gymnasium at age fifteen.

Wbut Syllabus 1st Sem
Revised Syllabus to be implemented from the Academic Year 2010 (for the new batch only) First
Year First Semester A. THEORY Field Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 B. 6 7 8 HU101 PH101/ CH101 M101
ES101 ENGLISH LANGUAGE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION Theory Contact
Hours/Week L 2 3 3 3 3 0 0 1 T 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 Total 2 4 4 4 4 18 3 3 4 10 0 0 0 0 2
2 2 2 4 32 Credit Points C. 9 10 Chemistry –1 (Gr–B) / Physics – 1 (Gr–A) Mathematics–1 Basic
Electrical Electronic Engineering – 1 (GrA+GrB) ME101 Engg. Mechanics Total of Theory
PRACTICAL PH191/ Chemistry –1 (Gr–B)/ CH191 Physics – 1 (Gr–A) ES191 Basic Electrical
Electronic Engineering –1 ME191 Engg Drawing Computer Graphics (Gr–B) /192 / Workshop
Practice (Gr–A) Total of Practical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6. Micro Presentation and Group Discussion Sessions should be used for developing
Communicative Competence 7. The Language Lab, device should be used for giving audio–visual
inputs to elicit students' responses by way of Micro–Presentation, Pair Conversation, Group Talk
and Class Discussion. 8. The teacher must function as a creative monitor in the Language Lab for
the following: A. Developing Listening Comprehension Skill; 1. 2. 3. 4. B. a) Developing Listening
Comprehension through Language Lab Device Developing sub skills of the Listening Skill by
Conversational Practice Sessions Focusing on intelligent and advanced Listening Sessions e.g.
Seminars, Paper Presentation, Mock Interviews etc. Conducting Conversational Practice: Face to
Face Via Media (Telephone, Audio, Video + Clips) Developing Speaking Competence: Helping
students in achieving clarity and fluency ; manipulating paralinguistic features of speaking (voice
modulation ,pitch , tone stress , effective pauses ) Conducting Task oriented interpersonal ,informal
and semiformal Speaking / Classroom Presentation COMMUNICATION 3 b) Teaching strategies
for Group Discussion Teaching Cohesion and Coherence Teaching effective communication
strategies for handling criticism and adverse remarks Teaching strategies of Turn– taking, effective
intervention, kinesics (use of body language) and courtesies and all componentss

Chem
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Experiment 4: properties of gases
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Report Submitted: June 21, 2013
Title: Properties of Gases
Purpose: To analyze a few physical and chemical properties of gases as well as using those

properties to identify the gases.
Procedure:
* For Hydrogen I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This caused a quick and energetic reaction! The gas from the reaction I pumped into some
Limewater, which caused it to bubble and turn cloudy
* Next, I let the gas from the sodium and hydrogen peroxide go into some Bromthymol Blue. It
turned yellow.
* When I mixed the Alka Seltz/water solution excess gas into the limewater it... [continues]
Read full essay
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ADI Lab Report
ADI Lab Report: Silica Content
At the beginning of the ADI silica lab, we were asked the question Which magma leads to more
explosive eruptions and is potentially more dangerous to humans? . We would soon experiment
with silica and liquid to determine how the silica content affects its viscosity and relates to
potential dangers of a volcanic eruptions. For this experiment to be successful, you must know some
key background information. Silica is a solid compound which is present in magma and influences
its properties, viscosity is what we call a fluid's resistance to flow. These two core idea's work
together; high silica equals high viscosity, which traps more gases, and leads to a more explosive
volcanic eruption. On the other hand, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, the Rhyolitic magma which had 30 Ml of silica took 1.75 seconds to fall, rather than
the basaltic magma with 0 ML of silica that only took 1.38 seconds to

The Radioactive Boy Scout By Ken Silverstein Recreates-
The Radioactive Boy Scout Introduction Growing up in suburban Detroit, David Hahn was
fascinated by science. While working on his Atomic Energy badge for the Boy Scouts, David 's
obsessive attention turned to nuclear energy. Not worried about being safe and taking the pre–
cautions, he plunged into a new project: building a nuclear breeder reactor in his backyard garden
shed. In the Radioactive Boy Scout, veteran journalist Ken Silverstein recreates– in brilliant detail–
the months of David 's improbable nuclear quest. Acting as a physics professor, David solicited
information on reactor design from the United States government and from industry experts.
Shopping antiques stores and looking through junkyards for old–fashioned smoke ... Show more
I was trying to get a magician reaction to create something new. he remembered later. I thought
the more things I threw in, the stronger the reaction I would get. With that thought in mind, David
went back to the cabinet and pulled out a bright–blue bottle, which later he realized was probably a
drain cleaning product. David poured in the bright–blue substance, and soon the mixture began to
bubble and threaten to boil over. Scared, David flushed the substance down the toilet. He promised
himself he would never try something so foolish again. Although, throughout the years David made
similar vows to himself, eventually being broken shortly after the vow was made. Key Idea II June
26, 1995, was not a typical day for Dottie Pease. As she turned down Pinto Drive, Pease saw eleven
men swarming across her carefully manicured lawn. Their attention seemed to be focused on the
back yard of the house next door, specifically on a large wooden potting shed that abutted the chain–
link fence dividing her property from her neighbor's. A middle–aged couple, Michael Polasek, Patty
Hahn and her son –who only lived there on some weekends and holidays– David Hahn, lived there.
Three of the men had donned ventilated moon suits and were proceeding to dismantle the potting
shed with electric saws, stuffing the

Lab Report On Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium
Alvin Garcia
Formal lab report
CHM 4610 L
Table of Contents Cordoba 2 Page.
Name, student ID, course number, date, report, title, section, Instructor's name....... 1st
Table of Contents.............................................................................. 2nd
Purpose.......................................................................................... 3rd
Introduction.....................................................................................3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th
Procedure........................................................................................6th, 7th, 8th, 9th
Results.............................................................................................. 9th, 11th
Data Analysis Calculations................................................................. 11th – 19th
Discussion / Conclusion....................................................................... 19th – 21st
References....................................................................................... 21st
Cordoba 3
Introduction
Chemical equilibrium is the study of change within a chemical reaction and how far it will go to
reach a dynamic equilibrium (Burdge). Dynamic equilibrium is defined as the constant movement of
species in a chemical reaction, gone to incompletion while the rates of production and consumption
are equal (Kf = Kr ) (Burdge). It differs from static equilibrium in that species are constantly being
consumed and produced, it is dynamic movement (Fox). The concentration of such species do not
change, it remains constant (Fox). The rate at which species are being consumed and produced is
known as the equilibrium constant (K) (Burdge). Due to the fact that the concentration

Bhopal Gas Disaster
Executive Summary On December 3, 1984, toxic poisonous methyl isocyanate gas leaked from
Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL 's) pesticide plant in Bhopal. The gas leak triggered a disaster
that is now widely recognized as the world worst industrial catastrophe. Thousands of people were
killed instantly and more than 25,000 people have died of gas–related illnesses, several thousands
more maimed for life since. Union Carbide negotiated a settlement with the Indian Government in
1989 for $470 million – a total of only $370 to $533 per victim – a sum too small to pay for most
medical bills. In 1996, t elve years after the disaster, Union Carbide became part of the Dow
Chemical w Corporation, which flatly refused to assume any liabilities in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, few denizens had not only fraudulently got the names of their kin included in the
compensation list, they also managed to obtain the compensation more than once for the same
individual. Amazingly, the compensation was allegedly sanctioned by the same deputy
commissioner twice without noticing the irregularity. A woman Naznee Siddiqui allegedly got the
name of her daughter Faiza Siddiqui included in the beneficiaries ' list despite the girl being born
three years after the gas tragedy. The alleged fraud did not end here, as the woman claimed the
compensation twice in the name of her daughter. Interestingly, the woman in an affidavit claimed
that her daughter was present at the time of gas leakage but the mark sheet of the girl stated her date
of birth as September 30, 1987. Both the claims were sanctioned in 1999 by the same deputy
commissioner, RK Bhave, wherein the girl was made eligible for compensation of Rs 25,000 each.
The claim numbers of the girl were 138071 and 139067. Apart from the girl, the mother and her son
also obtained compensation of Rs 70,000 and Rs 25,000 in the year 1994 and 1999, respectively.
The claims clearly contained the name of the girl, her parents ' name, residence and age. Despite
this, they were sanctioned twice in four months. The girl was also directed to remain present in the
claims court on March 18 and July 19, 1999, to receive compensation as per the claimed letters.
Bhartiya Jan Morcha district president

Calculating The Collision Diameter And Viscosity Of A Gas
Calculating the Collision Diameter and Viscosity of a Gas by
Measuring Pressure Over Time as the Gas is Evacuated from a Cell
Michelle Plavnik
Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
PAGE 2
ABSTRACT: The aim of this experiment was calculating the values of viscosity and collision
diameter for nitrogen gas, argon gas, and dry air. This objective was carried out by filling a glass
bulb to a pressure of about 700 Torr with the desired gas and letting it evacuate the bulb through a
capillary over a ten minute period. The pressure was recorded every five seconds. The inverse
pressure was graphed against time, and a linear regression along with a least squares were
performed. The slope of the line of best fit was used to calculate the capillary radius, which was
then used to calculate the viscosities of the gases, which were used to calculate the collision
diameters. The experimental values were compared to the literature values by percent difference,
and it was found that this technique is not effective. Percent errors ranged from 0% to 30%. To make
the values more accurate, the assumptions made in calculations need to be the same for all values.
To take the experiment further it could be performed at other pressures, temperatures, and on other
gases. Understanding properties like collision diameter and viscosity of gases are important in fields
such as gas phase reaction dynamics.
Introduction Gas phase reaction dynamics is an

Labpaq
properties of gasesLab Report for Experiment # 1 Properties of Gases
Student's Name Lisa Anthony
20/20
Date of Experiment 09/29/2013
Date Report Submitted Please leave nothing blank
Title: Properties of Gases Purpose: To investigate some physical and chemical properties of gases To
use these properties to identify these gases when they are encountered Procedure: Have you made
any changes to the procedure? Please explain. If you made no changes, state so. (1 point)
No
Please Note: This lab involves a lot of waiting for the gas collection. Make sure you allot yourself
the full three hours to perform the experiments.
Observations: Use this table to record all your observations for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. You will first need to determine
the product for the reaction. (If you have trouble with determining the product, use Google.)
Hydrogen + oxygen ‚Üí water
2H2 + O2 ‚Üí 2H2O
B. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of carbon dioxide with limewater. The
formula for the active substance in limewater is on the pipet, and the products of the reaction are
calcium carbonate and water.
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) = CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
Good job with the equations. Make sure you keep using proper subscripts and superscripts in future
reports.
C. Based on your observation for when you blew gently into the limewater, what is present in your
exhaled breath? CO2
REFLECTION (5 pts)

Think about the gas laws we are studying. Boyle's law tells us that pressure and volume are
inversely proportional. Charles' law states that volume and temperature are directly proportional. We
also know that pressure and temperature are directly proportional. Discuss at least one instance in
your personal experience where you have seen one or more of these laws in action.
I can give you an example from my childhood. I grew up in a small town at a time when people still
burned their trash in their

Hydrogen Extraction Process For The Recovery Of Heavy Oil...
Abstract
Vapor extraction process for the recovery of heavy oil and bitumen was originally proposed by Dr.
Butler during 1989–1991. Since its evolution, vapor extraction has emerged as a very effective and
promising technique mainly due to its environment friendly nature and cost effectiveness as
compared to other recovery techniques. Vapex is basically an in–situ recovery process which injects
a vaporized hydrocarbon solvent in the injection well to reduce the viscosity the heavy oil and
bitumen and allows it to drain out of the production well through gravity drainage. Mass transfer of
vaporized solvent to heavy oil and the gravity drainage are the key parameters which mainly
determine the production rate of heavy oil and bitumen with reduced viscosity. This report provides
a brief idea about the current heavy oil and bitumen deposits in Canada, a better insight of the Vapex
process and the factors which affect the efficiency of the process. Several factors that scale up the
performance of the process and important limitations are also indentified that need further research
for future growth of the process.
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Energy is the most important factor for growth and development. Petroleum being the primary
source of energy can be categorized into conventional and non–conventional forms based on the
viscosity and API gravity. Heavy oil and Bitumen are the non–conventional forms of energy which
are often referred as oil sands or tar sands having high

The Effect of Enzymes on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition
What is the function of enzymes in a living system?
Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions necessary for life. Without them certain vital processes
would not take place and the body would be unable to function.
Difference enzymes work better under different conditions. Where in a human body might it be
beneficial to have enzymes work in very acidic environments?
In areas, like the stomach, that have a pH of two would benefit by having enzymes that function
well in acidic environments. An example of such an enzyme is pepsin.
There is a large amount of catalase found in a human liver. Does the liver break down more
hydrogen peroxide in the summer or winter? Explain your answer.
More hydrogen peroxide will be broken down in the summer ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Potassium permanganate – used to titrate and determine the amount of decomposed hydrogen
peroxide.
Sulfuric acid – was used to stop the reaction with catalase and hydrogen peroxide. It denatured the
enzyme (catalase) and halted the reaction so the amount of hydrogen peroxide decomposed could be
measured.
Before performing part D of the experiment, why was it necessary to establish a baseline?
The baseline is a control and shows the amount of decomposed hydrogen peroxide in the initial
sample.
You may have observed the reaction of naturally–occurring catalase in tissue from either liver of
potato. Design an experiment to determine if the amount of catalase varies from tissue to tissue (e.g.
200 g of liver compared to 200 g of potato).
Put the 100 g of potato in 1 petri dish and 100 g of liver in another petri dish. Then put equal
amounts of hydrogen peroxide for an equal period of time in both dishes. Drain the dishes and titrate
them with potassium permanganate simultaneously. The numbers can now be compared using the
steps in the sample calculation above in the lab report. In order to compare perform a potassium
permanganate titration on pure hydrogen peroxide.
Of the thousands of enzymes known, there is a family of enzymes called proteases that catalyze a
reaction of breaking down proteins. What do you think would happen if you added a protease to
your sample of catalase before proceeding with your experiment?
The catalase would be broken

The Effect Of Nitrous Oxide On The Environment Of New...
1. Introduction
1.1 Background and rationale for this study
Nitrous oxide is an important green house gas. The global warming potential for nitrous oxide is
298 times higher than that of carbon dioxide over a 100–year time horizon (Ravishankara, Daniel
and Portmann, 2009). Nitrous oxide is also contributing the third largest radiative forcing globally
(Oenema et al., 1997). With the recent emphasis on control of global warming, ways to reduce
nitrous oxide are highly sought.
Natural sources account for 62% of total nitrous oxide emission globally. Apart from natural
sources, nitrous oxide can also be emitted from anthropogenic activities include: agriculture,
industrial, fuel and biomass combustion, and sewage treatment (Sutton et al., 2014; Scheehle and
Kruger, 2006; Tsai and Chyan, 2006). Among all sources, agriculture contributes the largest
proportion (60%) around the world in recent years (IPCC–Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, 2008).
Agriculture is largely influencing economy and society of New Zealand and agricultural–based
products accounts for 53% of the whole merchandise exports (MacLeod and Moller, 2006). In 2007,
agricultural land use represented 54.8% of total land area across New Zealand (Statistics New
Zealand, 2008). Seeking for ways to reduce nitrous oxide emission for New Zealand is extremely
important.
The use of carbon based sorbent, which is relatively cheap and with large surface area, to reduce
nitrous oxide emission has been studied for

University of Nairobi Bsc. Civil Engineering Degree...
17/07/2012 University of Nairobi – Degree Programmes University of Nairobi A world–class univ
ersity committed to scholarly excellence Search Website Quick Links Faculties/Schools/Institutes
About UON Academics Admission Student Life Research Contact Us Home Academics Degree
Programmes Degree Information Degree Regulation A–Z List of UON Departm ets a b c d e f g
h ijklmn o p q r s t u v w x y z B.sc. (civil Engineering) Degree Code: F16 Duration: 5
Faculty/School/Institute offered: SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Regulations Introduction General
Regulations Course Outline Course Description Further Information Entry Requirements Course
Description FIRST YEAR OF STUDY – SEMESTER I FCE 101 – Communication Skills (45 hrs)
For ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Number systems, codes, arithmetic and logic operations: Computer number systems and computer
codes, arithmetic operations and computer logic operations, introduction to binary number
representation, positive and negative numbers, arithmetic operators and examples, one's–and two's–
complement, binary subtraction, addition, multiplication, division, real numbers (floating point),
strings, arrays. Applications software: Introduction, software packages, selection of software
(factors to consider), wordprocessors (e.g. Wordstar), spreadsheets (e.g. Lotus), report generators
(e.g. Harvard Graphics), accounting packages (e.g. Dac Easy). Computer graphics (e.g. CAD
packages e.g. Autocad), (to be covered through laboratory exercises). Application Software :
Packages: wordprocessing, spreadsheets, database management, mathematical programming,
statistics (tabulations and regression), project management. Software developments: knowledge–
based systems (A.I.) FCE 181 – Chemistry IA (45 hrs) Inorganic Chemistry: Solubility,
precipitation, ion–exchange, nitrification and denitrification, oxidation–reduction reactions,
absorption, characteristics and significance of some salts and elements (ammonia, nitrates,
phosphates, sulphates, silicates, chlorine, oxygen, ozone, carbon, etc.) Physical Chemistry: Ions in
solution, ionization energy, chemical energetics and bonding, chemical equilibrium, reaction
kinetics. SEMESTER II FCE 104 – Elements of

Properties Of Gases Lab
Cimone Toppin
GSA: Somayeh (Sue)
Chemistry 1101– 07
26 February 2017
Properties of Gases: Experiment 4 Report
Procedure and Results
Part I: Pressure and Volume (Boyle's law– inverse)
During the first run through of the lab, Gas Pressure Sensor is connected to the LabQuest with a
small plastic syringe connected to it. The syringe is set 15 mL marker (volume) and the pressure is
recorded as 101.19 kPa. By changing the syringe 2 mL down for each run (4 times), the following
volume and pressure reads as stated on the data sheet: 13 mL with the pressure of 117.91 kPa, 11
mL with the pressure of 139.25 kPa, 9 mL with the pressure of 165.72 kPa, and 7 mL with the
pressure of 216.14 kPa.
Boyle's calculations: P1V1 = P2V2 ‚Üí P = k/V
Volume (mL)
Pressure (kPa)
15 mL
101.19 kPa
13 mL
117.91 kPa ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kelvin begins at 0 degrees which gives an exact estimation of the determined absolute temperature,
yet Celsius only shows how much the temperature has increased.
The three gas laws that were covered during this experiment were: Boyle's law, Charles' law, and
Gay–Lussac's law. These laws support this experiment's findings by showing the increased and
decreased values. Boyle is an indirect (1/Œ±), and Charles and Gay–Lussac are both a direct (Œ±)
relationship.
In Part III, the volume of air in the syringe increased in the warm bath. This occurs because the heat
causes the gas particles to move rapidly making the gas buildup and pressure in the syringe,
increase.
Reflection
During this experiment, 4 people participated to complete it. My partner and I did Part 2, while the
other two did Part 1, then we all worked together in Part 3. I did not find interest in this assignment

but it was extremely easy to complete. I was able to understand how to graph the analyzed data
found by using the equations I determined. One flaw is that it took way too long to

Behavior of Gases and Absolute Zero Determination Essay
Pre Lab Report Behavior of Gases and Absolute Zero Determination
Lab 4
Summary of Concepts:
Through this experiment we will be investigating the differences between the gas laws. We will
investigate the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature. By the end of the
experiment we will have data to prove the gas laws.
The Gas Laws we will be investigating are as follows:
Boyle's Law:
PV=C
Charles' Law:
V/T=C
Gay–Lussac's Law:
P/T=C
Avogadro's Law
V/n=C
Ideal Gas law:
PV=nRT
http://chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/gases.html
Materials:
Lab Quest
Lab Quest App
Vernier Gas Pressure Sensor
Temperature Probe
20 mL Gas Syringe
125 mL Erlenmeyer Flask
Three 600 mL Beakers
Rubber Stopper assembly with two way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b. Stop data collection when you have finished collecting data to view a graph of pressure vs.
volume. Save data under file save. Print a copy of the data and a graph of pressure vs. volume.
PART 2:
1. In this experiment, you will study the relationship between temperature of a gas sample and the
pressure it exerts. Using the apparatus shown in Figure 2, you will place an Erlenmeyer flask
containing an air sample in a water bath and you will vary the temperature of the water bath.

Connect the Temperature Probe to Channel 2 of LabQuest. Choose New from the File menu.
2. Assemble the apparatus shown in Figure 2. Be sure all fittings are airtight. Make sure the rubber
stopper and flask neck are dry, then twist and push hard on the rubber stopper to ensure a tight fit.
3. Set up water baths in large–volume containers as you need them, ranging from ice water to hot
water.
4. Change the graph settings to display a graph of pressure vs. temperature.
5. 30 – 2 Advanced Chemistry with Vernier
6. Exploring the Properties of Gases
a. Change the data–collection mode to Selected Events. Leave everything else the same and Select
OK.
b. Choose Change Units ‚ñ∫ K (Kelvin temperature) from the Sensors menu. Tap Graph.
c. In Part II it is best to see one graph of pressure vs. temperature. Choose Show Graph ‚ñ∫Graph 1
from the Graph menu.
d. Tap the

Synthesis Of Triphenylamine Based Dye And Fabrication Of...
Report for B.Tech Project Synthesis of triphenylamine based dye and fabrication of DSSC device A
Project Report Submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
As a part of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology by Arvindh Sekar Roll No. :
11012206 Statement I hereby declare that the work embodies in this project report titled Synthesis
of triphenylamine based dye and fabrication of DSSC device by Arvindh Sekar represents an
original work completed under the guidance of Prof. Parameshwar Krishnan Iyer, Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. This work has not been submitted elsewhere
for a degree. Signature of Student Date: November, 2014 Certificate The work contained in this
thesis titled Synthesis of triphenylamine based dye and fabrication of DSSC device by Arvindh
Sekar, a student of Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati has been
carried out under my supervision. This work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any
degree. Signature of Project Supervisor Date: November, 2014 Acknowledgement I express my
deep gratitude to Prof. Parameshwar Krishnan Iyer for introducing me to the field of organic
electronics. I thank him for his guidance and inspiration and for the ideas and suggestion he gave
which motivated me to pursue

The Chemistry And Development Of A Current Technology Essay
Demonstrate understanding of the chemistry used in the development of a current technology
In this assessment I have chosen to research pharmaceuticals as a material that has been developed
in the last twenty years. This is a report that will demonstrate my understanding of the chemistry of
the material. In this report I shall include the historical development, the properties of the material
that makes it useful to society, whether there was experimentation or discoveries that led to its
development, any other notes and a personal opinion, and references to my findings.
The birth of the modern pharmaceutical industry trace back to two sources being apothecaries that
moved into production of drugs like morphine in the 19th century and dye and chemical companies
that established medical applications for the starting products in the 1880s and the research labs that
made it possible.
What is morphine? Morphine is pain medication; called a narcotic sometimes. This particular
medication is used to treat minor pain to extreme pain. Morphine isn't used for short term pain after
surgery; the only exception is if before surgery you were taking morphine.
Morphine is used alot in clinical pain management, especially for post–surgery pain and terminal
cancer pain. Morphine has many side effects in the body including reduction of pain, loss of hunger.
History:
In 1804, morphine was discovered when a German scientist named Friedrich Sert√ºrner; dissolved
opium in acid

Bricks
Characterisation of Mineral Wastes, Resources and Processing technologies – Integrated waste
management for the production of construction material
WRT 177 / WR0115
Industry Sector Study:
Heavy Ceramic (Brick)
September 2007 Funded by:
–1–
Industrial sector study on the utilisation of alternative materials in the manufacture of mineral
wool insulation
Compiled by
Dr Evaggelia Petavratzi John Barton, School of Civil Engineering University of Leeds
(DEFRA Project Code WRT_177) September 2007
–2–
Contents
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 4 2
The brick manufacturing sector in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A schematic representation of brick clay resources in Great Britain is presented in Figure 1.
The market of bricks presented significant changes with the introduction of concrete blocks as the
latter replaced common bricks in construction. This resulted to a shift of the market in producing
facing bricks, used for aesthetic purposes (Figure 2). The use of 'facing bricks' accounts for over
90% of demand (BGS, 2007) (DTI construction statistics) The production of facing bricks appears
quite stable for the last seven years. Common and engineering bricks are still produced, but in

–4–
much lower quantities (Figure 2), whereas the manufacturing of facing bricks have expanded
significantly and currently is described by several products with different colours, textures, surfaces
and sizes. Clay tiles have also been affected by the introduction of concrete. Ceramic pipemaking
has declined considerably due to competition from concrete and plastic pipes. The only products
that show an increase in demand are roofing tiles, which have become more popular recently (BGS,
2007).
Bricks are produced either by extrusion or by the 'soft–mud' process. Extrusion is the commonest
option. Two schematic diagrams describing the manufacturing processes are presented in Figure 3
and

Interpreting The Periodic Table Lab Report
Interpreting the Periodic Table Lab Report Name: Kelsey Cordero and Bruno Canteros Lab
Partners: Ashley Fernandez, Lab Experiment: Interpreting the Periodic Table Date: January 15, 2015
Introduction: The periodic table is the most important chemistry reference there is. It arranges all the
known elements in an informative array. Just like when entering a grocery store similar items are
grouped together which makes an item easier to find. Elements are arranged left to right and top to
bottom in order of increasing atomic number. The different rows of elements are called periods. The
period number of an element signifies the highest energy level an electron in that element occupies.
An element is a substance that is made ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Materials: (Activity 1) 1. Calcium 2. Sulfur 3. Aluminum 4. Silicon 5. Carbon 6. Paper 7. Copper 8.
Pencil 9. Iron 10. Magnesium (Activity 2) 1. Periodic Table Element Cards Procedure: The whole
procedure for Activity 1: 1. Provide yourself with a pencil and paper. 2. As the teacher assigns you
to a station, in that station are two elements where you must describe the physical features of the
element. 3. As you rotate from station to station make sure to observe each and every element
clearly until you have completed all 8 elements. 4. Once you are done use your notes to help you
organize the elements into groups. The Procedure Activity 2: 1. Designate a group member to
retrieve the periodic table cards. 2. Look for an open space to work with your group. 3. Use the
periodic table to arrange the elements in order. 4. Once ordered observe the properties in the cards
and try to find any and all patterns. Table 1. Activity 1. Element Description Calcium rough, light
gray, rocky texture, solid, malleable, dull Aluminum shiny, smooth, crunchy, gray, solid, malleable
Carbon rough, black, chalky, squeaky like styrofoam, light weighted, solid Copper shiny, light
orange/peach, smooth, solid, malleable Iron solid, shiny, gray, high pitch, smooth, malleable
Magnesium malleable, solid, soft, smooth Sulfur soft, powdery, yellow, dullish, solid Silicon shiny,
metal, rough, gray, solid Table 2. Activity 1.

Spring Syllabus
[pic] [pic]
Florida AM University
Department of Chemistry
CHM 1045 Lab Syllabus
| COURSE SYLLABUS |
|Course Number: CHM 1045L |Course Title: General Chemistry I Laboratory |
|Prerequisite(s): | |
|Co–requisite: CHM 1045 Lecture | | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expt In General Chemistry Lab Safety Techniques DVD
Safety
Students must always wear eye protection and laboratory coats when they are doing the laboratory
exercises. There are no exceptions to this requirement. Students not having eye protection and
laboratory coat cannot remain in the laboratory.
a. Wear approved eye protection at all times.
b. Never eat, drink or smoke in a chemical laboratory
c. If any glassware is broken, it should be cleaned up by the student.
d. Never perform an unauthorized experiment.
e. Never work in a chemical laboratory without proper supervision
f. Never pipette by mouth or inhale gases or vapors
g. Exercise proper care in heating or mixing chemicals
h. Be careful with glass equipment
PROCEUDURE
Each laboratory experiment must be read and carefully studied before coming to the laboratory. This
must be done to ensure that each student is thoroughly familiar with the principles, procedures,
calculations, and anything else with the exercises may be involved.
Unless otherwise directed to do so, students should work alone in doing in the laboratory exercises.
Take extreme care when using the analytical balances, thermometers, and other items of equipment

that are expensive and/or may be easily broken. When the laboratory exercise is completed, all
equipment should be cleaned and put in its proper place or in the locker in an orderly way. The
bench top and common work areas should also be

Owl Pellet Lab Report
Lab Report: Owl Pellet
Kirsten de Jong
September 19, 2015
1. An owl pellet is made up of portions of things which an owl can't digest. The pellet can contain
things like feathers, bones, fur, and teeth, these things have very little nutritional value to the owl.
These things are tightly formed together in the owl's stomach, which is then spit out by the owl
every 12 hours producing two every day.
2. Owl pellets are home and food for many different fungi and insects. Fumigation is the removal of
any small insects, germs, or other pests from a room or other area, with the use of gases or smoke. It
is necessary for the pellet to be fumigated so there is nothing growing inside of the pellet that wasn't
there when the owl had spit it out. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There would be major changes if the barn owl wasn't part of the food web. There would be many
more rodents and other pests in agricultural and forestry land, which would eventually become
overpopulated. God created a perfect world and if there was even one animal that wasn't part of an
ecosystem, there would be many species with overpopulation issues.
8. Bioconcentration is when tiny creatures capture chemicals from debris, which is a large source of
diseases, and water which are then devoured by large populations of zooplankton. Larger organisms
like my sides then eat the zooplankton, fish feed on the mysids, this continues until the herring
which is at the top of this food web. This can causes many diseases to spread over a period of time
from one creature to the next and possibly worsen. Bioaccumulation is when the matter of an
organism increases in concentration.
9. Owls can be seen as the most threatened of an ecosystem which is threatened by pesticides
because it is the highest trophic level in the food web. The higher the trophic level, the higher the
concentration of toxins in the species. There may be a tiny bit of pesticide in a plant which is then
eaten by a insect which is then eaten by a shrew. The shrew then gets more toxins, then giving the
owl which is at the top of the food web the most toxins causing it to become sick and die. Overall,
these pesticides in ecosystems can disturb food webs, ecosystems, and hurt

Lab Report On The Lab
1. Accurately records experimental procedures.
I think this objective means that we need to make sure we understand the procedure or steps for the
lab. Knowing the steps for the lab is extremely important because especially in chemistry if
something is done out of order it can be dangerous. So recording the procedure in our lab book is
important. This relates to my major of Political Science in that in Political Science, recording down
things accurately is very important and if something isn't recorded accurately it could be dangerous
like in chemistry lab. In my lab report for the Density Lab I recorded the steps to the lab. The
objective of that lab was to find out what procedure was preferable for finding density. This made it
very important to makes sure the experimental procedure was recorded accurately.
2. Accurately records data, observations, and results. This objective means to record what we
observe and calculate during the experiment as accurately as possible, most errors that occur in an
experiment are due to mistakes when recording data, observations and results. This relates to my
major of Political Science because there is a lot of things one has to record data on based on
observations, and the results of a political science experiment are important because it can change
how the world is looked at, if the data or observations are wrong people are getting inaccurate
information. In my lab book for The Relationship Between the Volume of Gas and Temperature

The Effects of Nitrous Oxide Essay
During the 1700's England was undergoing change and rejuvenation. The Queen had come to the
thrown and colonies were being developed. It was a time of invention and great strides in the field
of chemistry. During this period the demand for medical care was increasing as well as the need for
medical advances. Surgeries such as childbirth, teeth extractions, leg amputations, and even tumor
removal were being done in absence of any pain reliving substances. Many physicians and dentists
were curious as how to lessen the pain of their patients. It is no wonder that nitrous oxide was
discovered during this period, but as it came to be the discovery of nitrous oxide in regards to
medical anesthetic would be no easy feat.
Joseph Priestly was the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Humphries discovered that nitrous oxide actually had the ability to create a laughter effect.
Humphries began having parties in which nitrous oxide was used recreationally and passed around
like it were an alcoholic beverage. Humpry published his findings in a book called Researches
chemical and Philosophical; Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide, or Dephlogisticated Nitrous Air and
its Respiration. In his book he wrote nitrous oxide in its extensive operation appears capable of
destroying physical pain, it may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations3.
Although it is clear that Humphry's understood that nitrous oxide could be used for medical
purposes Davy never did discover the potential advantages of Nitrous Oxide beyond its Recreational
uses.
Gardner's Colton was the next to investigate the properties of this mysterious gas. Gardner Colton
was a medical student whom began giving lectures about gases, Nitrous oxide in particular. During
one of Colton's shows a man suggested that he do shows in which the audience could use the nitrous
oxide gas. Wells thought this to be a great idea. Wells had his first show at the Broadway tabernacle.
At Wells first show there was between three and four thousand people. Colton administered nitrous
oxide gas to those in the audience who wanted to try it. During this time he was able to assess the
effects of the guest amongst his audience. Wells found that nitrous oxide had widely diverse

Chemical Equilibrium Lab Report

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