The document discusses error handling in Go. It states that Go uses an error interface type to represent errors, with the interface containing a single Error() method that returns an error message as a string. Errors are often returned as a second argument of a function. Go does not use exceptions like other languages, instead using defer, panic, and recover for error handling. Defer defers a function call, panic signals that code cannot solve a problem and stops execution, and recover can be used to end a panic state and return the panic error value.