A presentation given by Erik Millstone, co-convenor of the STEPS Centre food and agriculture domain on 2 December 2009 at the Royal Society of Chemistry, London. The meeting was jointly organised by the RSC and the Institute for Food Science & Technology.
This presentation will explain what does it mean the food commons, or the consideration of food as a commons. Why is so necessary in these times of global crisis and how customary and contemporary food commons are knitting a web of viable alternatives to the dominant industrial food system.
Malnutrition—and particularly protein deficiency—remains a challenge for many poor people across West Africa, compromising or stunting the physical and mental development of millions of children. While overall nutrition has improved across the continent, sufficient protein consumption remains a challenge.
A recent issue of the West Africa Trends newsletter, a trend monitoring report from the African Center for Economic Transformation, investigated the potential for locally produced bushmeat—the common term for the meat of wild animals—to provide protein and improved nutrition for many poor households in the region. Often the primary source of animal protein for many communities, bushmeat’s demand has made the supply unsustainable, endangering the ecosystems where wild animal populations live, and potentially driving some species to extinction. To meet the demand, while mitigating the environmental stress, commercial breeding of grass cutters (cane rats), squirrels, certain types of birds, and insects are being explored. With education, regulation, and the support of the public-private sector, development of innovative breeding methods could generate a sustainable supply of bushmeat and provide poor farmers an opportunity to sell in premium urban markets, where it is considered a delicacy.
This presentation will explain what does it mean the food commons, or the consideration of food as a commons. Why is so necessary in these times of global crisis and how customary and contemporary food commons are knitting a web of viable alternatives to the dominant industrial food system.
Malnutrition—and particularly protein deficiency—remains a challenge for many poor people across West Africa, compromising or stunting the physical and mental development of millions of children. While overall nutrition has improved across the continent, sufficient protein consumption remains a challenge.
A recent issue of the West Africa Trends newsletter, a trend monitoring report from the African Center for Economic Transformation, investigated the potential for locally produced bushmeat—the common term for the meat of wild animals—to provide protein and improved nutrition for many poor households in the region. Often the primary source of animal protein for many communities, bushmeat’s demand has made the supply unsustainable, endangering the ecosystems where wild animal populations live, and potentially driving some species to extinction. To meet the demand, while mitigating the environmental stress, commercial breeding of grass cutters (cane rats), squirrels, certain types of birds, and insects are being explored. With education, regulation, and the support of the public-private sector, development of innovative breeding methods could generate a sustainable supply of bushmeat and provide poor farmers an opportunity to sell in premium urban markets, where it is considered a delicacy.
Lecture in the module "Global Food Policies" of the Master in Food, Law and Finance (IUC Torino, 23 Feb 2017). Several very common food policies often implemented in countries of the Global South are presented and analysed through a critical approach (who wins/who loses, balance of power, visible outputs VS underlying causes, collateral effects, paternalism VS universalism, rights-based or needs-based). taxing unhealthy ultra-processed food and beverages (Mexico soda tax as case study), conditional cash transfers and their impact in stunting (Mexico and Brazil as case studies) and patented technologies to save lives VS public research (Plumpy Nut, ready-to-use therapeutic food to save lives in humanitarian situations). The idea is to understand the advantages, impacts and challenges of those well-known food policies.
Food waste and loss is a large and increasingly urgent problem and is particularly acute in developing countries where food loss reduces income by at least 15 percent (according to the FAO) for 470 million smallholder farmers and downstream value chain actors, most of whom are part of the 1.2 billion people who are food insecure.
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st CenturyDuPont
In 2010, DuPont responded to the global food security challenge by convening a group of experts in global agriculture, development, science, policy and economics to form the Committee. Over the course of a year, the Committee met several times, beginning with a listening tour with farmers in Iowa, and including a week-long meeting in Africa with a di- verse group including farmers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government leaders, among others. The Committee explored complex issues around meeting global food demand to provide recommendations on potential solutions, including how DuPont can play a unique and catalytic role in addressing the challenge ahead.
The Committee explored the issues through the lens of both the developed and devel- oping world, with farmers as its focus. Specifically, the Committee examined issues of farmer productivity, including technology and innovation; capacity building; infrastruc- ture needs; education; policy and regulatory challenges relating to markets and trade; intellectual property (IP); and environmental, economic and social sustainability.
The Committee commends the leadership, engagement and support of DuPont and its team during this process and looks forward to the company’s more specific responses to these recommendations. Set forth below in this Report is a summary of the key issues and findings of the Committee, and its recommendations for the agricultural community.
Samoa Agritourism Policy Setting Worskhop 2016
Linking Agriculture and Tourism through Policy setting:
Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Samoa and CTA
in collaboration with PIPSO
Powerpoint of one of my PhD studies on how food-related professionals working in the food system in multiple institutions value food (as a commons or a commodity) and how this valuation shapes preferred food policies.
Presented at International Conference of the European Network of Political Ecology (ENTITLE), Stockholm, 20-23 of March 2016
http://www.ces.uc.pt/undisciplined-environments/index.php?id=12410&id_lingua=1&pag=12507
Lecture delivered in the Module "Global Food Policies" of the Master Food, Law & Finance at International University College, Torino, Italy (22 Feb 2017). The Global North, that used to be dubbed "Developed Countries" or "First World", is experiencing a growing pandemic of malnutrition (growing obesity and stagnant undernutrition) due to its complete reliance in the industrial food system and its driving ethos: profit maximisation out of food production. This low-cost food system is killing us and destroying Nature. Specific food policies found in the Global North will be analysed, including the huge Farm Bill (US) and CAP (EU). Amongst the topics addressed, one can mention: Can we afford a healthy diet?, the productivist paradigm, Corporate Ethos VS Public Policies,
GMO Labelling in US and Civic Collective Actions for Food. At the end, a set of alternative Policy Options for the North will be presented and discussed, based on a different valuation of food: not as a commodity but a commons.
Lecture in the Module "Global Food Policies" on the Master Food, Law and Finance (IUC Torino, 20 March 2017). In a world that is largerly poor, although improving, the industrial food system is the main driver of planetary havoc, exceeding already several planetary boundaries that preserve our societies and a stable Nature. The paradoxes of the industrial food system (food kills people, food is not for people, food producers stay hungry, food is wasted) illustrate a disfunctional system that is unsustainable, inequitious and inefficient. The industrial food system wouldn't be able to exist without public subsidies and enabling regulations. This lecture explores those elements that sustain a technological way of producing and consuming food, the narrative behind, the lock-in mechanisms and the main flaws, proposing alternative ways to produce and consume.
Presentation by MILLION BELAY. 23-25 October 2017. Brussels, Belgium. G-STIC 2017: The first Global Science, Technology and Innovation Conference series.
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...SIANI
Presented by Ulrich Hoffmann during the seminar How to Feed Nine Billion within the Planet’s Boundaries - Agroecology for Food Security & Nutrition organised by the SIANI Expert group on Agriculture Transformation on March 10, 2015. Read more here: http://www.siani.se/expert-groups/agriculture-transformation-low-income-countries-under-environmental-change
Third lecture (out of three) in the Master on European and Global Governance by the Institute for European Global Studies (University of Basel, Switzerland).
https://europa.unibas.ch/fr/weiterbildung/cas-europe-2050/
This lecture analyses the competing narratives of transition in the global and European food systems, within the theoretical framework of the Socio-technical Transition Theory and the Multi-Level Perspective.
The dominant productivist narrative of the regime and the alternative narratives of the innovative and challenging niches are presented (food sovereignty, agro-ecology, de-growth, commons, Transition Towns, Buen Vivir, Ubuntu).
Second lecture (out of three) in the Master on European and Global Governance by the Institute for European Global Studies (University of Basel, Switzerland).
https://europa.unibas.ch/fr/weiterbildung/cas-europe-2050/
This presentation includes a critical assessment of a recent foresight report on the future of Global and European Food Security in 2030, an analysis of the Common Agricultural Policy (past and future) and the rising numbers of food insecure european households.
Concete policy proposals that could be included in a yet-to-be Common Food Policy (replacing the current CAP in 2020) are discussed at the end.
Comments are more than welcomed.
One in seven people on earth goes to bed hungry each night. Ensuring that enough healthy, nutritious food is available for people everywhere is one of the most critical challenges we face.
Lecture in the module "Global Food Policies" of the Master in Food, Law and Finance (IUC Torino, 23 Feb 2017). Several very common food policies often implemented in countries of the Global South are presented and analysed through a critical approach (who wins/who loses, balance of power, visible outputs VS underlying causes, collateral effects, paternalism VS universalism, rights-based or needs-based). taxing unhealthy ultra-processed food and beverages (Mexico soda tax as case study), conditional cash transfers and their impact in stunting (Mexico and Brazil as case studies) and patented technologies to save lives VS public research (Plumpy Nut, ready-to-use therapeutic food to save lives in humanitarian situations). The idea is to understand the advantages, impacts and challenges of those well-known food policies.
Food waste and loss is a large and increasingly urgent problem and is particularly acute in developing countries where food loss reduces income by at least 15 percent (according to the FAO) for 470 million smallholder farmers and downstream value chain actors, most of whom are part of the 1.2 billion people who are food insecure.
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st CenturyDuPont
In 2010, DuPont responded to the global food security challenge by convening a group of experts in global agriculture, development, science, policy and economics to form the Committee. Over the course of a year, the Committee met several times, beginning with a listening tour with farmers in Iowa, and including a week-long meeting in Africa with a di- verse group including farmers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government leaders, among others. The Committee explored complex issues around meeting global food demand to provide recommendations on potential solutions, including how DuPont can play a unique and catalytic role in addressing the challenge ahead.
The Committee explored the issues through the lens of both the developed and devel- oping world, with farmers as its focus. Specifically, the Committee examined issues of farmer productivity, including technology and innovation; capacity building; infrastruc- ture needs; education; policy and regulatory challenges relating to markets and trade; intellectual property (IP); and environmental, economic and social sustainability.
The Committee commends the leadership, engagement and support of DuPont and its team during this process and looks forward to the company’s more specific responses to these recommendations. Set forth below in this Report is a summary of the key issues and findings of the Committee, and its recommendations for the agricultural community.
Samoa Agritourism Policy Setting Worskhop 2016
Linking Agriculture and Tourism through Policy setting:
Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting agritourism
Workshop organised by the Government of Samoa and CTA
in collaboration with PIPSO
Powerpoint of one of my PhD studies on how food-related professionals working in the food system in multiple institutions value food (as a commons or a commodity) and how this valuation shapes preferred food policies.
Presented at International Conference of the European Network of Political Ecology (ENTITLE), Stockholm, 20-23 of March 2016
http://www.ces.uc.pt/undisciplined-environments/index.php?id=12410&id_lingua=1&pag=12507
Lecture delivered in the Module "Global Food Policies" of the Master Food, Law & Finance at International University College, Torino, Italy (22 Feb 2017). The Global North, that used to be dubbed "Developed Countries" or "First World", is experiencing a growing pandemic of malnutrition (growing obesity and stagnant undernutrition) due to its complete reliance in the industrial food system and its driving ethos: profit maximisation out of food production. This low-cost food system is killing us and destroying Nature. Specific food policies found in the Global North will be analysed, including the huge Farm Bill (US) and CAP (EU). Amongst the topics addressed, one can mention: Can we afford a healthy diet?, the productivist paradigm, Corporate Ethos VS Public Policies,
GMO Labelling in US and Civic Collective Actions for Food. At the end, a set of alternative Policy Options for the North will be presented and discussed, based on a different valuation of food: not as a commodity but a commons.
Lecture in the Module "Global Food Policies" on the Master Food, Law and Finance (IUC Torino, 20 March 2017). In a world that is largerly poor, although improving, the industrial food system is the main driver of planetary havoc, exceeding already several planetary boundaries that preserve our societies and a stable Nature. The paradoxes of the industrial food system (food kills people, food is not for people, food producers stay hungry, food is wasted) illustrate a disfunctional system that is unsustainable, inequitious and inefficient. The industrial food system wouldn't be able to exist without public subsidies and enabling regulations. This lecture explores those elements that sustain a technological way of producing and consuming food, the narrative behind, the lock-in mechanisms and the main flaws, proposing alternative ways to produce and consume.
Presentation by MILLION BELAY. 23-25 October 2017. Brussels, Belgium. G-STIC 2017: The first Global Science, Technology and Innovation Conference series.
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...SIANI
Presented by Ulrich Hoffmann during the seminar How to Feed Nine Billion within the Planet’s Boundaries - Agroecology for Food Security & Nutrition organised by the SIANI Expert group on Agriculture Transformation on March 10, 2015. Read more here: http://www.siani.se/expert-groups/agriculture-transformation-low-income-countries-under-environmental-change
Third lecture (out of three) in the Master on European and Global Governance by the Institute for European Global Studies (University of Basel, Switzerland).
https://europa.unibas.ch/fr/weiterbildung/cas-europe-2050/
This lecture analyses the competing narratives of transition in the global and European food systems, within the theoretical framework of the Socio-technical Transition Theory and the Multi-Level Perspective.
The dominant productivist narrative of the regime and the alternative narratives of the innovative and challenging niches are presented (food sovereignty, agro-ecology, de-growth, commons, Transition Towns, Buen Vivir, Ubuntu).
Second lecture (out of three) in the Master on European and Global Governance by the Institute for European Global Studies (University of Basel, Switzerland).
https://europa.unibas.ch/fr/weiterbildung/cas-europe-2050/
This presentation includes a critical assessment of a recent foresight report on the future of Global and European Food Security in 2030, an analysis of the Common Agricultural Policy (past and future) and the rising numbers of food insecure european households.
Concete policy proposals that could be included in a yet-to-be Common Food Policy (replacing the current CAP in 2020) are discussed at the end.
Comments are more than welcomed.
One in seven people on earth goes to bed hungry each night. Ensuring that enough healthy, nutritious food is available for people everywhere is one of the most critical challenges we face.
David Koepsell spoke on The Mystery of Intellectual Capital at the Manifesto Roundtable in the Hague, 24 November 2009.
The Roundtable was hosted by the 3TU.Centre for Ethics and Technology - www.ethicsandtechnology.eu
David Koepsell is Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology.
To find out more about the Roundtables, visit www.anewmanifesto.org
Andy Stirling - Addressing Uncertainty, Ambiguity and Ignorance in Sustainabi...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Dr Andy Stirling of the STEPS Centre to an interdisciplinary workshop on
'Cost‐Benefit Analysis: Uncertainty, Discounting and the Sustainable Future’, Technical University Eindhoven, 12‐13th April, 2010.
www.steps-centre.org
Maize Pathways workshop presentation 1: Overview slidesSTEPS Centre
Presentation from a national dissemination workshop in Nairobi on 22 March 2010, for the STEPS Centre's project on environmental change and maize innovation in Kenya.
To find out more about our maize work, visit www.steps-centre.org/ourresearch/crops,% 20kenya.html
Maize Pathways workshop presentation 3: Policy implicationsSTEPS Centre
Presentation from a national dissemination workshop in Nairobi on 22 March 2010, for the STEPS Centre's project on environmental change and maize innovation in Kenya.
To find out more about our maize work, visit www.steps-centre.org/ourresearch/crops,% 20kenya.html
Seminar: Polly Ericksen on food systems for resilienceSTEPS Centre
Will managing food systems for resilience maker us more food secure? Polly Ericksen, Global Environmental Change and Food Systems (GECAFS) at the Environmental Change Institute at Oxford University gives a STEPS Centre seminar
Mark Dubois: Linking Health and Environment - A People Centred EcologySTEPS Centre
Presentation at the STEPS Conference 2010 - Pathways to Sustainability: Agendas for a new politics of environment, development and social justice
http://www.steps-centre.org/events/stepsconference2010.html
Monique Demenint spoke about access to female condoms at the Manifesto Roundtable in the Hague, 24 November 2009.
The Roundtable was hosted by the 3TU.Centre for Ethics and Technology - www.ethicsandtechnology.eu
Monique Demenint works for Oxfam Novib on the Universal Access to Female Condoms (UAFC) programme.
To find out more about the Roundtables, visit www.anewmanifesto.org
Nick Ashford: Technology, Globalization and Sustainable Development: Transfor...STEPS Centre
Presentation at the STEPS Conference 2010 - Pathways to Sustainability: Agendas for a new politics of environment, development and social justice
http://www.steps-centre.org/events/stepsconference2010.html
Ethics of GM Crop Development - Erik MillstoneSTEPS Centre
A presentation by Erik Millstone, co-convenor of the STEPS food and agriculture domain, made at the Royal Society of Chemistry on 2 December 2009. For more about STEPS work on GM and out Biotechnology Research Archive visit: http://www.steps-centre.org/ourresearch/gm.html
The Brussels Policy Briefing n. 54 on ”Sustainable agriculture: where are we on SDGs implementation?” took place on 27th February 2019 (European Commission, Charlemagne Building, Alcide de Gasperi Room, Rue de la Loi 170, 1040 Brussels).
A Smart Food initiative has been developed with the aim to mainstream Smart Food – bringing diversity in diets and on the farm. This is to make a major breakthrough in overcoming malnutrition and rural poverty, and being more sustainable on the environment.Ensuring smallholder farmers and rural communities
are pulled out of poverty and hidden hunger- This will require a concerted effort working with rural health workers, connecting farmers to the value chain and advocacy for research and development and supporting policies.
On account of International Year of Lets Millet, ICRISAT smartfoods initiative provides the better use of millet and its effect on climate change and mitigating the challenge of Malnutrition
Breaking the food-system divide with Smart Food - good for you, the planet an...ICRISAT
For decades the vast majority of investments have flowed to the ‘Big 3’ crops- Wheat, maize and rice. Whether it is R&D, private industry investment, policy support, product development, or even development aid, the Big 3 have received the lion’s share across the globe. This is a problem because it has led to crops being grown in inappropriate agroecologies.This can negatively impact on the natural resources, and increase risk for farmers.It is also well known that globally we need more diversity on-farm, we need more diversity in our diets and more nutritious diets.We have to change peoples’ habits of eating mainly one food such as rice. If we do not change habits then there are not going to be the changes in global diets that are needed, both nutritionally and environmentally and for farmers’ sakes. Therefore we have set up the Smart Food movement.
Mr Nelson Godfried Aguyemang: A Comprehensive Co-operative Approach to Food S...cooperatives
Mr Nelson Godfried Aguyemang, Vice-President, Ghana Agricultural Producers and Marketing Association, Ghana at the International Co-operative Alliance Global Conference in Cape Town, November 2013.
Traditional food chains–some thoughts on terminologies, perceptions and how t...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at the 3rd International Conference on One Health 2020, Veterinary Science Innovation for Ecosystem Health and Resilience, Malang, Indonesia, 30 October 2020.
Similar to Erik Millstone on 'How might agricultural biotechnology help poor farmers in Developing Countries?' (20)
Coloniality in Transformation: decolonising methods for activist scholarship ...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling to 2021 Transformations to Sustainability conference session on '‘Philosophical Underpinnings’ in decolonizing research methods for transformation towards sustainability', 17th June 2021
Opening up the politics of justification in maths for policy: power and uncer...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling to conference of INET in collaboration with OECD on ‘Forecasting the Future for Sustainable Development: approaches to modelling and the science of prediction’. 16th June 2021
Discussion: The Future of the World is Mobile - Giorgia GiovannettiSTEPS Centre
By Giorgia Giovannetti, University of Firenze and Robert Schuman Centre, EUI. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Interfacing pastoral movements and modern mobilitiesSTEPS Centre
By Michele Nori, PASTRES (Pastoralism, Uncertainty, Resilience) project. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Reconceiving migration through the study of pastoral mobilitySTEPS Centre
By Natasha Maru, PASTRES (Pastoralism, Uncertainty, Resilience) project. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Bringing moral economy into the study of land deals: reflections from MadagascarSTEPS Centre
19 March 2019, Institute of Development Studies
Seminar organised by the Resource Politics and Rural Futures Clusters, in association with the STEPS Centre’s PASTRES project
Speaker: Mathilde Gingembre
https://steps-centre.org/event/steps-seminar-mathilde-gingembre-bringing-moral-economy-into-the-study-of-land-deals-reflections-from-madagascar/
Agency and social-ecological system (SES) pathways: the Transformation Lab in...STEPS Centre
Presentation by J. Mario Siqueiros, February 2019, at a STEPS Seminar at the Institute of Development Studies.
More information: https://steps-centre.org/project/pathways-network/
From controlled transition to caring transformations - StirlingSTEPS Centre
Presentation from Week 2 of the System Change HIVE that presents some questions to guide thinking about transformation and power.
http://systemchangehive.org/
Systems, change and growth - Huff and BrockSTEPS Centre
Presentation from week 1 of the System Change HIVE that outlines big ideas about the environment and some criticisms of capitalism.
http://systemchangehive.org/
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...STEPS Centre
Achim Steiner, incoming UNDP director, gave the STEPS Annual lecture at the University of Sussex on 15 May 2017. Find out more: https://steps-centre.org/event/steps-annual-lecture-achim-steiner/
Andy Stirling - nexus methods (RGS 2016)STEPS Centre
"Meeting ‘Nexus’ Challenges: from policy connections to political transformations" - presentation given at the Royal Geographic Society/Institute for British Geographers conference on 'Nexus Thinking', August 2016.
Suresh Rohilla - Climate change and sanitation, water resourcesSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Suraje Dessai - Uncertainty from above and encounters in the middleSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Sumetee Pahwa Gajjar - Uncertainty from withinSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Shibaji Bose - Voices from below - a Photo Voice exploration in Indian sundar...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Erik Millstone on 'How might agricultural biotechnology help poor farmers in Developing Countries?'
1. Ethics of GM crop development
Erik Millstone
December 2009
2. Philosophical preliminaries:
I recognise that groups and individuals often
make different and conflicting moral
judgements, but assume that there are
some ethical issues on which we can
definitely distinguish between right and
wrong.
Those fundamental ethical benchmarks can
and should be grounded by reference to
universal human needs, primary amongst
which is the need to eat safe and nutritious
food, and to drink safe clean water.
3. Chronic under-nutrition, in a world in
which, in aggregate, there is more than
enough food for everyone, is ethically
unacceptable.
Currently something like 1,000,000,000
people are chronically under-nourished.
The needs of the most hungry constitute
the primary ethical benchmark for judging
agricultural and food systems and
practices.
4. A similar number suffer with chronic
over-nutrition, ie are over-weight or
obese; which is an important issue, but
ethically less important than chronic
hunger.
Chronic hunger is caused by poverty
not by scarcity. It is an artefact of
socio-economic regimes, not the
product of biology.
5. In 2008 the FAO estimated that in
aggregate the world’s total production of
cereals was ~2,285,000 million tonnes.
The FAO also estimated the world’s
population in 2008 at ~6.7 billion.
To a good first approximation in 2008 the
average per capita food availability was
~340kg/cap/year, or ~1kg/person/day.
6. If those cereals had been uniformly
distributed across all of humanity they
would have been sufficient to support
healthy lives for all who were not otherwise
unwell. One kilogramme of cereals is
sufficient to provide more than 2,300
Cals/day/cap.
There are post-harvest losses of cereals,
but people also eat fruits, vegetables, nuts,
fish, meat and dairy products.
7. The development of GM crops can and
should be judged against that
background, and by reference to the
criterion:
will they contribute to
diminishing chronic hunger,
poverty and under-nutrition?
8. The Green Revolution showed that
inappropriate technologies can be
technically successful but a socio-
economic failure because it amplified
inequalities. More food was produced
in eg Punjab, but ironically more people
suffered chronic hunger, because the
rich got richer and the poor got poorer.
In Kerala and Taiwan, there was a
more beneficial outcome.
9. The ‘unit of analysis’ is not so much ‘the
technology of genetic manipulation’, as
the particular ‘technological trajectories’
along which it is being, or could be
developed, and regulatory regimes
within which they operate.
10. I have no trouble identifying conditions
under which GM technology could be
used in ways that could benefit poor
subsistence farmers in rural areas of
developing countries, eg GM staples
for the Sahel region that were safe and
nutritious, but unpalatable to locusts -
though only if other socio-economic
conditions were also met.
11. A key question is: are the GM crops currently
available, and those under development,
suitable for the needs and interests of poor
rural subsistence farmers?
The answer is unambiguously: NO.
Herbicide tolerant crops were developed eg by
Monsanto to extract rent from ‘Round Up’, once
the patents on glyphosate expired.
13. Subsistence farmers in SSA have never
used herbicides. They hoe out weeds.
New technologies for SSA must be
employment-generating not labour-
displacing.
Insect resistant Bt crops have been
developed for the pests on industrial farms
not subsistence farms; they are far too
expensive for the poor.
14. WEMA and Harvest Plus will be irrelevant to the
needs of subsistence farmers, unless the seeds
are
• very low priced or free
• OPVs rather than hybrids
• free of IPR restrictions
• productive without other costly inputs
• reliable across climatic and seasonal variations.
WEMA is designed to be
• fully commercial
• hybrids
• partly IPR protected
• highly input responsive, and drought-specific.
15. A poor-farmer-friendly GM trajectory would be
very different. It would need to be:
• farmer first, bottom-up choice of R&D goals
• independent of MNC corporate control
• socio-economically and cultural sensitive
• employment-generating not labour-displacing
• resilience-enhancing
• dependency-reducing
• affordable
• sustainable and
• risk reducing.