The document summarizes the work of the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and its Climate and Energy program. SEI began in 1977 focusing on energy and climate issues. It currently has centers around the world and conducts research on topics like bioenergy resources, climate policy, and sustainable development. The Climate and Energy program works on improving access to modern energy services and supporting bioenergy and climate policy processes.
Suresh Rohilla - Climate change and sanitation, water resourcesSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
This document provides an overview of a presentation given by Andy Stirling on 'Nexus Methods' at the ESRC Methods Festival. It discusses the complex and interconnected nature of issues related to the food-water-energy nexus. It notes that while there are many quantitative and qualitative methods that can be applied to nexus issues, they all involve subjective framings and no single method can capture the full complexity. The presentation advocates a reflexive approach that acknowledges the conditional nature of knowledge and assessment in this domain.
Andy Stirling - STEPS Centre 'Pathways Methods'STEPS Centre
The document outlines the STEPS Centre 'Pathways Methods' for helping appreciate alternative pathways. It summarizes the methods as follows:
1. The methods aim to catalyze more open political space by broadening out discussions beyond incumbent 'pro-innovation' views and opening up consideration of marginalized interests and alternative pathways.
2. The methodology involves engaging actors, exploring narratives, characterizing dynamics, and revealing strategies through a repertoire of participatory and deliberative methods.
3. A case study applying these methods in Kenya found surprising optimism for alternative crops but farmer preference for local maize varieties, showing how the methods can surface plural perspectives on pathways.
Andy Stirling - nexus methods (RGS 2016)STEPS Centre
This document discusses the concept of "nexus thinking" across multiple domains and topics. It makes several key points:
1) Nexus thinking spans across different silos and considers connections between domains like food, water, energy, climate, and development.
2) Framing of nexus issues applies at every level and transcends place, space, and scale. Different framings lead to different understandings and potential solutions.
3) Nexus thinking recognizes the entanglement of objective conditions and subjective actors, and highlights the role of power and politics in knowledge production.
This document outlines a variety of methods that can be used to scope issues broadly, focus on particularities in depth, and link relations and perspectives across contexts. It provides a repertoire of methods that can help appreciate alternative pathways, including interpretive, interactive, and group deliberative styles as well as techniques like critical literature reviews, in-depth case studies, discourse analysis, and participatory approaches.
Coloniality in Transformation: decolonising methods for activist scholarship ...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling to 2021 Transformations to Sustainability conference session on '‘Philosophical Underpinnings’ in decolonizing research methods for transformation towards sustainability', 17th June 2021
Suresh Rohilla - Climate change and sanitation, water resourcesSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
This document provides an overview of a presentation given by Andy Stirling on 'Nexus Methods' at the ESRC Methods Festival. It discusses the complex and interconnected nature of issues related to the food-water-energy nexus. It notes that while there are many quantitative and qualitative methods that can be applied to nexus issues, they all involve subjective framings and no single method can capture the full complexity. The presentation advocates a reflexive approach that acknowledges the conditional nature of knowledge and assessment in this domain.
Andy Stirling - STEPS Centre 'Pathways Methods'STEPS Centre
The document outlines the STEPS Centre 'Pathways Methods' for helping appreciate alternative pathways. It summarizes the methods as follows:
1. The methods aim to catalyze more open political space by broadening out discussions beyond incumbent 'pro-innovation' views and opening up consideration of marginalized interests and alternative pathways.
2. The methodology involves engaging actors, exploring narratives, characterizing dynamics, and revealing strategies through a repertoire of participatory and deliberative methods.
3. A case study applying these methods in Kenya found surprising optimism for alternative crops but farmer preference for local maize varieties, showing how the methods can surface plural perspectives on pathways.
Andy Stirling - nexus methods (RGS 2016)STEPS Centre
This document discusses the concept of "nexus thinking" across multiple domains and topics. It makes several key points:
1) Nexus thinking spans across different silos and considers connections between domains like food, water, energy, climate, and development.
2) Framing of nexus issues applies at every level and transcends place, space, and scale. Different framings lead to different understandings and potential solutions.
3) Nexus thinking recognizes the entanglement of objective conditions and subjective actors, and highlights the role of power and politics in knowledge production.
This document outlines a variety of methods that can be used to scope issues broadly, focus on particularities in depth, and link relations and perspectives across contexts. It provides a repertoire of methods that can help appreciate alternative pathways, including interpretive, interactive, and group deliberative styles as well as techniques like critical literature reviews, in-depth case studies, discourse analysis, and participatory approaches.
Coloniality in Transformation: decolonising methods for activist scholarship ...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling to 2021 Transformations to Sustainability conference session on '‘Philosophical Underpinnings’ in decolonizing research methods for transformation towards sustainability', 17th June 2021
Opening up the politics of justification in maths for policy: power and uncer...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling to conference of INET in collaboration with OECD on ‘Forecasting the Future for Sustainable Development: approaches to modelling and the science of prediction’. 16th June 2021
Discussion: The Future of the World is Mobile - Giorgia GiovannettiSTEPS Centre
By Giorgia Giovannetti, University of Firenze and Robert Schuman Centre, EUI. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Interfacing pastoral movements and modern mobilitiesSTEPS Centre
By Michele Nori, PASTRES (Pastoralism, Uncertainty, Resilience) project. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Reconceiving migration through the study of pastoral mobilitySTEPS Centre
By Natasha Maru, PASTRES (Pastoralism, Uncertainty, Resilience) project. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Bringing moral economy into the study of land deals: reflections from MadagascarSTEPS Centre
19 March 2019, Institute of Development Studies
Seminar organised by the Resource Politics and Rural Futures Clusters, in association with the STEPS Centre’s PASTRES project
Speaker: Mathilde Gingembre
https://steps-centre.org/event/steps-seminar-mathilde-gingembre-bringing-moral-economy-into-the-study-of-land-deals-reflections-from-madagascar/
Agency and social-ecological system (SES) pathways: the Transformation Lab in...STEPS Centre
Presentation by J. Mario Siqueiros, February 2019, at a STEPS Seminar at the Institute of Development Studies.
More information: https://steps-centre.org/project/pathways-network/
From controlled transition to caring transformations - StirlingSTEPS Centre
This document discusses the differences between "controlling transitions" and "caring transformations" when addressing issues like climate change. It argues that ideas of control are part of the problem and that controlled transition does not equal real transformation. Caring for transformation instead of control could mean culturing transformation through myriad grassroots actions that challenge power and are driven by solidarity, values and hope rather than singular theories and top-down control. True transformation is shaped by unruly diversity rather than imposed order and expertise.
Systems, change and growth - Huff and BrockSTEPS Centre
Presentation from week 1 of the System Change HIVE that outlines big ideas about the environment and some criticisms of capitalism.
http://systemchangehive.org/
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...STEPS Centre
Achim Steiner, incoming UNDP director, gave the STEPS Annual lecture at the University of Sussex on 15 May 2017. Find out more: https://steps-centre.org/event/steps-annual-lecture-achim-steiner/
Suraje Dessai - Uncertainty from above and encounters in the middleSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Sumetee Pahwa Gajjar - Uncertainty from withinSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Shibaji Bose - Voices from below - a Photo Voice exploration in Indian sundar...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Ian Scoones - Enabling plural pathways - uncertainty and responses to climate...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Saurabh Arora - The advantages of uncertainty - toward new principles for coo...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Mehta et al - Climate change and uncertainty from below and aboveSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Matthias Heymann - The climate change dilemma - big science, the globalizing ...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Lyons et al - Protecting what is left - making local perspectives of uncertai...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Krishna AchutaRao - Uncertainty from above - can it be reduced?STEPS Centre
Uncertainty from climate models can be reduced from "above" - how scientists report on it. There are three main sources of uncertainty:
1) Reflexive uncertainty from unknown future greenhouse gas emissions and climate-society feedbacks.
2) Epistemic uncertainty from incomplete representation in climate models and missing processes. Reducing this is a long term goal.
3) Aleatoric uncertainty from internal climate variability that is partially chaotic. For temperature, epistemic uncertainty dominates further in the future, while aleatoric uncertainty remains constant; thus constraining epistemic uncertainty is important. However, for rainfall over India, observational uncertainty is also significant, presenting a barrier to reducing model uncertainty.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Opening up the politics of justification in maths for policy: power and uncer...STEPS Centre
Presentation by Andy Stirling to conference of INET in collaboration with OECD on ‘Forecasting the Future for Sustainable Development: approaches to modelling and the science of prediction’. 16th June 2021
Discussion: The Future of the World is Mobile - Giorgia GiovannettiSTEPS Centre
By Giorgia Giovannetti, University of Firenze and Robert Schuman Centre, EUI. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Interfacing pastoral movements and modern mobilitiesSTEPS Centre
By Michele Nori, PASTRES (Pastoralism, Uncertainty, Resilience) project. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Reconceiving migration through the study of pastoral mobilitySTEPS Centre
By Natasha Maru, PASTRES (Pastoralism, Uncertainty, Resilience) project. Given at EUI on 10 April 2019.
https://steps-centre.org/event/the-future-of-the-world-is-mobile-what-can-we-learn-from-pastoralists/
Bringing moral economy into the study of land deals: reflections from MadagascarSTEPS Centre
19 March 2019, Institute of Development Studies
Seminar organised by the Resource Politics and Rural Futures Clusters, in association with the STEPS Centre’s PASTRES project
Speaker: Mathilde Gingembre
https://steps-centre.org/event/steps-seminar-mathilde-gingembre-bringing-moral-economy-into-the-study-of-land-deals-reflections-from-madagascar/
Agency and social-ecological system (SES) pathways: the Transformation Lab in...STEPS Centre
Presentation by J. Mario Siqueiros, February 2019, at a STEPS Seminar at the Institute of Development Studies.
More information: https://steps-centre.org/project/pathways-network/
From controlled transition to caring transformations - StirlingSTEPS Centre
This document discusses the differences between "controlling transitions" and "caring transformations" when addressing issues like climate change. It argues that ideas of control are part of the problem and that controlled transition does not equal real transformation. Caring for transformation instead of control could mean culturing transformation through myriad grassroots actions that challenge power and are driven by solidarity, values and hope rather than singular theories and top-down control. True transformation is shaped by unruly diversity rather than imposed order and expertise.
Systems, change and growth - Huff and BrockSTEPS Centre
Presentation from week 1 of the System Change HIVE that outlines big ideas about the environment and some criticisms of capitalism.
http://systemchangehive.org/
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...STEPS Centre
Achim Steiner, incoming UNDP director, gave the STEPS Annual lecture at the University of Sussex on 15 May 2017. Find out more: https://steps-centre.org/event/steps-annual-lecture-achim-steiner/
Suraje Dessai - Uncertainty from above and encounters in the middleSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Sumetee Pahwa Gajjar - Uncertainty from withinSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Shibaji Bose - Voices from below - a Photo Voice exploration in Indian sundar...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Ian Scoones - Enabling plural pathways - uncertainty and responses to climate...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Saurabh Arora - The advantages of uncertainty - toward new principles for coo...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Mehta et al - Climate change and uncertainty from below and aboveSTEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Matthias Heymann - The climate change dilemma - big science, the globalizing ...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Lyons et al - Protecting what is left - making local perspectives of uncertai...STEPS Centre
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Workshop on climate change and uncertainty from below and above, Delhi. http://steps-centre.org/2016/blog/climate-change-and-uncertainty-from-above-and-below/
Krishna AchutaRao - Uncertainty from above - can it be reduced?STEPS Centre
Uncertainty from climate models can be reduced from "above" - how scientists report on it. There are three main sources of uncertainty:
1) Reflexive uncertainty from unknown future greenhouse gas emissions and climate-society feedbacks.
2) Epistemic uncertainty from incomplete representation in climate models and missing processes. Reducing this is a long term goal.
3) Aleatoric uncertainty from internal climate variability that is partially chaotic. For temperature, epistemic uncertainty dominates further in the future, while aleatoric uncertainty remains constant; thus constraining epistemic uncertainty is important. However, for rainfall over India, observational uncertainty is also significant, presenting a barrier to reducing model uncertainty.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Seminar: Francis Johnson on Biofuels, Climate and Development
1. Bioenergy, Climate and Development:
Emerging Issues and Challenges
Institute of Development Studies
University of Sussex
15 September 2008
Francis X. Johnson, Research Fellow,
Energy and Climate, SEI
2. Historical background of SEI :
• Began with Beijer Institute in 1977; focus on energy & climate
• Groundbreaking studies on fuel wood in Africa
• Helped form GHGs advisory group in 1980s - later led to IPCC
• SEI created in 1989, named after 1972 UN Conference
Current structure of SEI:
• Centres-Stockholm (HQ), Tallinn, U.S., Oxford, York, Bangkok
• New Centre at University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
• Climate and Energy is one of six research programmes
• About 120 research staff and 25 support staff
• International partners and associates in more than 40 countries
• Funded through Govt core support (20%) and projects (80%)
MISSION:
to support decision-making and induce change towards
sustainable development around the world by providing
integrative knowledge that bridges science and policy in the
field of environment and development
3. Improving Access to Modern Energy Services
Advancing Bioenergy Resources
Supporting Climate Policy Processes
………………for Sustainable Development
A-B-C for D
SEI Climate and Energy Programme Strategy
provides focal points for SEI policy analysis,
research, and capacity-building efforts
4. Recent or ongoing SEI bioenergy
programmes, projects, and networks
Advancing Modern Bioenergy: Guidelines for Policymakers and
Investors; World Bank/ESMAP (2001-2005)
Cane Resources Network for Southern Africa (CARENSA); EC/FP5,
2002-06
Renewable Energy Partnerships for Africa; EC/FP6, 2004-2005
Biomass, Livelihoods & International Trade; Sida, 2005-2007
Bioenergy for Development in a Changing Climate; Sida,2007-09
Competence Platform on Energy Crop and Agro-forestry Systems
for Semi-arid Ecosystems in Africa (COMPETE); EC/FP6, 2007-09
Briefing Paper for European Parliament on EU Biofuels Target and
Sustainability Criteria, 2008
Clean Cooking Fuels in the East African Community (EAC), 2008
Household Energy: Analysis of ethanol cook stoves in
Ethiopia, 2008
5. What is Biomass? – living matter originating from plants and
animals: primary, secondary, tertiary sources
Biomass ≠ Bio-energy!
Many inter-connected and critical functions/services:
• The 4Fs: Food, Feed, Fibre, and Fuel.........
• .......and still more Fs: Fertiliser, Feedstocks, Flora, Fauna
• Shelter, housing, household materials
• Livelihoods, entrepreneurship, local business opportunities
• Maintenance of Biodiversity
• Ecosystem functions and integrity
• Nutrient cycles and functional synergies
• Water quality, erosion control, watershed maintenance
• Recreation, peacefulness, tranquillity, wildlife observation
• Contribution to human dignity and equality
• Shaping the role of citizens and communities as caretakers
• Resource Base for Future Generations
6. Energy-Environment-Development driving forces for bio-energy
development and North-South Collaboration
• Rural development - creation of sustainable livelihoods
• Relieving resource pressures and stresses
• Socioeconomics of urbanisation and migration
• Energy security: local – regional – global
• Rural health issues - indoor air
• Urban health issues – lead, air quality
• future competitiveness of agro-industries
• Kyoto Annex 1 countries seeking carbon credits
• Developing countries looking for foreign investment through
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
• Dependence on fossil fuels in increasingly volatile market
• Reduced vulnerability of poor farmers through diversification
7. Bio-energy production potential in 2050 for different scenarios
136
111
68
32 40 221
14 2
0 178
137 CIS &
111 W.Europe
1 8 14 17 Baltic States 21
34 32 39 10 0 0 0 0
4 1 2 E.Europe
315 Near East & 410 East Asia Japan
North America
253 North Africa 331 21 24 Ameri
14 21
178
South Asia 125
100
46 149
60
41 15
Caribean & Oceania
harves ting res idues Latin America sub-Saharan America
bioenergy crops Africa Potential in Oceania
is 4-6 times projected
125 primary energy use
100
Source: E. Smeets, A. Faaij, I. Lewandowski – March 2004
60
A quickscan of global bio-energy potentials to 2050: analysis of the regional availability of biomass resources
4
for export in relation to underlying factors, Copernicus Institute - Utrecht University, NWS-E-2004-109.
9. Share of biomass in global energy consumption
Other ‘New’
renewables
5%
Large hydro
Modern bio- 16%
energy
11%
Other
Traditional renewables
biomass 3%
68%
Biomass
11%
Oil
Nuclear
35%
7%
Coal
22%
Natural gas
22%
Source: IEA and UNDP, 2004-2007
10. Sub-Saharan Africa energy consumption
Excluding South Africa
Nuclear
0%
Coal
11% Oil
13%
Hydro
2% Gas Including South Africa
3%
Nuclear Oil
Coal 1% 13%
21%
Gas
3%
Hydro
1%
combustible
renewables
and waste
71%
combustible
renewables
and waste
61%
Source: UNDP World Energy Assessment, 2004
12. Share of Traditional Biomass in Residential Consumption
Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2006, page 423.
2.5 billion people depend on traditional biomass for cooking
15. The Role of modern bioenergy
Modern bioenergy will play a leading role in the global transition to clean and
sustainable energy due to two decisive advantages over other renewables:
(1) Biomass is stored energy. Like fossil fuels, it can be drawn on at any time, in sharp
contrast to daily or seasonally intermittent solar, wind, and small hydro sources,
whose contributions are all constrained by the high costs of energy storage.
(2) Biomass can produce all forms of energy, i.e. energy carriers, for modern
economies: electricity, gas, liquid fuels, and heat. Solar, wind, wave and hydro are
limited to electricity and in some cases heat.
Modern bioenergy has several other advantages over other energy resources:
• provides rural jobs and income to people who grow or harvest the bioenergy
resources; bioenergy is more labour-intensive than other energy resources;
• increases profitability in the agriculture, food-processing and forestry sectors.
Biomass residues and wastes--often with substantial disposal costs--can instead be
converted to energy for sale or for internal use to reduce energy bills;
• helps to restore degraded lands. Growing trees, shrubs or grasses can reverse
damage to soils, with energy production and sales as a valuable bonus;
20. Bioenergy market development
1.Local use of forest and agricultural residues
2.Assuring proper waste treatment, processing of
residues, and energy efficiency
3.Infrastructure development
4.National market development through supportive
policies and incentives
5.Regional biomass markets, medium-to-large scale
utilization, transport logistics
6. Increasing scale, followed by decreasing costs
7. Global commodity market
21. Livelihoods – creation of jobs in energy industries
Energy source Jobs per TWh output
Nuclear 75
Small hydro 120
Natural gas 250
Big hydro 250
Oil 260
Oil offshore 265
Coal 370
Traditional biomass (wood) 733 - 1.067
Wind 918 - 2.400
Ethanol (in Brazil) 3.711 - 5.392
Solar 2.958 – 10.700
Source: Delcio, 2007
22. Major Barriers to Modern Bioenergy
Markets in Least Developed Countries
• The Three I’s: Infrastructure, Investment, and Institutions
• Infrastructure:
• difficulty in getting products to regional and international markets
• technology platforms too often based on “northern” standards
• very large region: SSA is bigger than Brazil, China, and India combined
• low technical capacity to adapt to technical standards (i.e. fuel quality)
• Investment:
• demand is too small for local markets to develop or attract investment
• demand is not well-articulated in terms of end-use sectors
• investment risk is seen as very high in macro-economic terms
• Institutions:
• lack of well-defined regulations for energy firm ownership and operation
• intra-regional economic cooperation at a very early stage; some regions
(southern Africa) dominated by one country (South Africa)
• low government capacity to implement bioenergy policies
• low administrative capacity to prove compliance with biofuel certification
23. Bioenergy Development Options - Scale matters
Large Scale Small Scale
1. Sugarcane to EtOH 1. Sweet Sorghum – micro-distillery
2. Palm / Soy Biodiesel 2. Woodlot gasification elec.
Mill-owned Small-holder Multi-product Single
estate led or multi-crop Bioenergy
Very competitive Higher cost base
e.g. sweet sorghum Product
globally Less globally Economics e.g. multi-species
Uncertain woodlot
competitive
Lower Value Higher Value Complex- Value Added
Added to Local Added to Value Added to to Local
Communities Local Local Communities
*lowest risk Communities Communities *high risk
Export potential *moderate risk *high risk Complex food-
fuel-cash-crop
Export potential Local Markets interactions
Social Issues
Crop not well
SOURCE: Woods, J. Foucs 14: IFPRI, 2006 characterised
24. Land Suitability for Sugarcane Cultivation in SADC
Legend
SLCR Areas
Potential small, medium and large International Areas
National Areas (No Categories)
scale areas (rain fed & irrigated) National Areas (IUCN Categorised)
suitable and available for sugarcane in
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and
Zambia
Limited Potential for medium to large
scale and irrigated plantings in South
Africa and Zimbabwe
Limited Potential for any new
plantings in Mauritius
Cautious establishment at present of
new plantations by potential investors
in Angola and DRC 0
-
200 400
Kilometres
600
Malawi Mozambique Tanzania Zambia Total
Estimated suitable/available land (1000 ha) 206 2338 124 1178 3856
Estimated suitable/available land (%) 2.2 3.0 0.2 1.6 1.5
Ratio of maximum to current production 10 585 5 69 61
Source: UKwZN 2007, South Africa
26. Land suitability for sweet sorghum (using FAO data)
Country Total Land Suitable Share
(1000ha)
Low – Inputs High - Inputs
Malawi 9408 11% 26%
Mozambique 78409 16% 28%
South Africa 121447 0% 1%
Tanzania 88359 4% 13%
Zambia 74339 8% 34%
Zimbabwe 38685 0% 3%
27. North-South trade in biomass: conflict or synergy?
Market or environment?
Trade or aid?
Local or global?
Food, feed, or fuel?
Technology or behaviour?
Efficiency or equity?
Industry or society?
Capital or labour?
28. Land area per capita by type and
major countries or regions
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
Area (ha per capita)
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
China Brazil ASEAN EU27 India Other Asia SADC Sub- United WORLD
Saharan States of
Africa America
Arable land and Permanent crops Permanent meadows and pastures Forest area Other land
Source: FAOSTAT, 2008
29. Estimated 1st generation biofuel potentials, theoretical biofuel demands
and production capacities (as of end 2006) for selected world regions
(Areas of circles depict approximate comparative scales)
30. FOSSIL ENERGY BALANCE
Energy output per unit of fossil fuel input
ETHANOL BIODIESEL
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Sugar Wheat Sugar Corn Palm Oil Waste Soy Rape
Cane Beets vegetable
Oil
Source: Various, compiled by World Watch Institute, 2006.
32. Carbon debt, biofuel carbon debt allocation, annual carbon repayment rate, and years to repay biofuel
carbon debt for nine scenarios of biofuel production
Published by AAAS
J. Fargione et al., Science 319, 1235 -1238 (2008)
33. Estimated levels of land degradation by major region
Total Degradation:
None
Light
Moderate
Severe
Severe
Very
degradation: Moderate –
Light-Very Very Severe
Severe
Sub-Saharan 33 24 18 15 10 65 42
Africa
North Africa and 30 17 19 28 7 70 52
Near East
Asia and Pacific 28 12 32 22 7 72 61
North Asia east of 53 14 12 17 4 47 33
Urals
South and Central 23 27 23 22 5 77 50
America
Europe 9 21 22 36 12 90 70
North America 51 16 16 16 0 44 29
World 35 18 21 20 6 65 47
Source: UNEP, 1992
34. What is one buying when importing biofuels?
Is it Or is
technology? it the
Sun?
What is the preferred way to cut butter?
With a knife? Or with a chainsaw?
35. International Partners
ENDA-TM
CEEEZ
Centre for
Energy, Environment and
Engineering Zambia Limited
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Research Directorate-General
36. Thanks are extended to EC
DG-Research and Sida-INEC
for financial support!
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