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Bhuj Earthquake (26
January 2001 M 7.9)
U1 L4
Prof. C.S. Patil
Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur
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Bhuj
Earthquake
• The powerful earthquake that struck the
Kutch area in Gujarat at 8:46 am on 26
January 2001 has been the most damaging
earthquake in the last five decades in India.
• The M7.9 quake caused a large loss of life and
property. Over 18,600 persons are reported to
be dead and over 167,000 injured; the number
of deaths is expected to rise with more
information coming in.
• The estimated economic loss due to this
quake is placed at around Rs. 22,000 Crores
(~US$5 billions).
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Bhuj
Earthquake
• About 20 districts in the state of Gujarat
sustained damage. The entire Kutch region of
Gujarat, enclosed on three sides by the Great
Runn of Kutch, the Little Runn of Kutch and
the Arabian Sea, sustained highest damage
with maximum intensity of shaking as high as
X on the MSK intensity scale.
• Several towns and large villages, like Bhuj,
Anjaar, Vondh and Bhachau sustained
widespread destruction.
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Bhuj
Earthquake
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Bhuj
Earthquake
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Bhuj
Earthquake
• With several weeks gone by after the earthquake, it is
now time to plan for rehabilitation of the persons
rendered homeless by the earthquake.
• Initiatives, both short term and long term, are required
to build capacity in the technical community to tide
over this earthquake disaster as well as to develop
preparedness for upcoming earthquakes in the
country. In the short run, in the following steps are
urgently required:
• Sensitise the civic administrators of the major
towns/cities of the gravity of the situation and provide
them with critical inputs to develop a robust
rehabilitation program, which includes the damage
assessment of the building stock, and their
repair/retrofit/reconstruction.
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Bhuj
Earthquake
• Training to engineers in Ahmedabad, Gandhidham,
Jamnagar, Morbi, Surendranagar and Rajkot on how to
assess damages sustained by the buildings in the
affected area.
• Insights into the performance of structures to the
architects/engineers in the affected area, and the steps
required to take-up retrofit of the large stock of
buildings distressed by the quake; and
• Train the builders to do the relatively new activity for
them, namely repair/retrofit/reconstruction.
• Develop legal and technical framework to ensure that
all new constructions fulfill seismic requirements.
History of Major
Earthquakes
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Assam
Earthquake,
1897
Date - June 12, 1897
Time - 17 :11
Deaths - 1,500
Magnitude - 8.1
Epicenter - 26°N, 91°E
Kangra
Earthquake,
1905
Date -April 4, 1905
Time - 06:10
Deaths - > 20,000
Magnitude - 7.8
Epicenter - 32.1°N, 76.3°E
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Bihar
Earthquake,
1934
Date - January 15, 1934
Time - 14 :13
Deaths - > 30,000
Magnitude - 8.7
Epicenter - 25°N, 85°E (240 km
away from Kathmandu)
Assam
Earthquake,
1950
Date -August 15, 1950
Time - 19:39
Deaths - 1,526
Magnitude - 8.6
Epicenter - 28°30′, 96°30′E
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Koynanagar
Earthquake,
1967
Date - December 11, 1967
Time - 04:21
Deaths -180
Magnitude - 6.5
Epicenter - 17°.50 N, 73°.78 E
Uttarkashi
Earthquake,
1991
Date - October 20, 1991
Time - Unknown
Deaths - >1,000
Magnitude - 6.8
Epicenter - 30.780°N, 78.774°E
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Latur
Earthquake,
1993
Date - September 30, 1993
Time - 22:25
Deaths - > 20,000
Magnitude - 6.4
Epicenter - 18.08°N, 76.52°E
Gujarat
Earthquake,
2001
Date - January 26, 2001
Time - 08:50:00
Deaths - 20,000
Magnitude - 7.7
Epicenter - 23.41°N, 70.23°E
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Indian Ocean
Earthquake,
2004
Date - December 26, 2004
Time - 08:50
Deaths - > 230,210 (Includes deaths
in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India,
Thailand, Maldives, and Somalia)
Magnitude - 9.1–9.3
Epicenter - 3.30°N, 95.87°E
Kashmir
Earthquake,
2005
Date - October 8, 2005
Time - 08:50:38
Deaths - > 80,000
Magnitude - 7.6
Epicenter - 34.43°N, 73.54°E
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History of Major
Earthquakes in
Universe
48
Earthquake
• Shensi, China, Jan. 23, 1556 (Magnitude about 8, about
830,000 deaths)
• Tangshan, China, July 27, 1976 (Magnitude 7.5. Official
casualty figure is 255,000 deaths. Estimated death toll as
high as 655,000)
• Aleppo, Syria, Aug. 9, 1138 (Magnitude not known, about
230,000 deaths)
• Sumatra, Indonesia, Dec. 26, 2004 (Magnitude 9.1,
227,898 deaths)
• Haiti, Jan 12, 2010 (Magnitude 7.0. According to official
estimates, 222,570 people killed)
• Damghan, Iran, Dec. 22, 856 (Magnitude not known,
about 200,000 deaths)
• Haiyuan, Ningxia , China, Dec. 16, 1920 (7.8 magnitude,
about 200,000 deaths.)
• Kanto, Japan, Sept. 1, 1923 (7.9 magnitude, 142,800
deaths.)
