This document provides an overview of ethics, the environment, and computer engineering. It discusses the environmental impact of electronic waste (e-waste) and efforts being made to address the problem. Issues covered include the amount of e-waste produced, the toxins it contains, recycling programs and rates, and regulations like the WEEE and RoHS directives. The document also discusses the debate around lead-free solder and its greater environmental impact compared to lead solder. Finally, it briefly introduces the topics of ethics in the workplace and intellectual property laws.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing problem due to the increasing use and short lifespans of electronic devices. In the US and Europe, millions of tons of e-waste are produced each year, with toxic materials like lead and chemicals in electronics posing health and environmental risks. While recycling programs have increased, most e-waste is still disposed of in landfills or illegally exported for processing under unsafe conditions. Laws have been introduced to make producers responsible for recycling and reduce toxic materials, but differences remain on the best approaches and the environmental trade-offs of alternatives.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing problem due to the increasing use and short lifespans of electronic devices. In the US and Europe, millions of tons of e-waste are produced each year, with much of it improperly disposed of or exported to developing countries. E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants that can cause health issues. Many areas lack adequate regulations for processing e-waste safely. Initiatives to increase recycling rates and hold producers responsible for disposal aim to address these issues, but challenges remain regarding the environmental and health impacts of different recycling methods and materials.
This document provides a literature review on the economic and environmental impacts of electronic waste (e-waste). It discusses how e-waste production is increasing globally but most is improperly disposed of, polluting the environment. Developing countries import much of the world's e-waste but lack regulations, leading to unsafe recycling practices. Potential solutions discussed include manufacturers taking responsibility for recycling, taxes to fund recycling programs, banning e-waste exports, and investing in safe recycling technologies in developing countries.
E-waste is a growing problem around the world as more electronics are discarded. There are four main ways to deal with e-waste: landfilling,
incinerating, reusing, and recycling. However, landfilling and incinerating e-waste are not ideal due to toxic materials in electronics that can harm
the environment and human health when disposed of improperly. Better solutions are needed to reduce e-waste, such as increasing reuse and recycling.
A Solution to E-Waste Essay
Speech On Electronic Waste
Essay on E-Waste Recycling
Solutions to E- waste problem Essay
Essay about E-Waste
Electronic Waste
Our E-Waste Problem
e-waste Essay
E Waste Management
E-waste Essay example
Essay about E-waste Management
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) worldwide. It notes that about 50 million tons of e-waste are produced annually, with much of it improperly disposed of. Only 15-20% is recycled, with the rest ending up in landfills or being burned. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, which can leach into the environment and pose serious health risks. Developing countries that import e-waste for processing typically do so through informal recycling with little safety precautions, exposing workers and communities to the toxins. Urgent action is needed through better regulations, enforcement, and design of more sustainable electronics.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing problem due to the increasing use and short lifespans of electronic devices. In the US and Europe, millions of tons of e-waste are produced each year, with toxic materials like lead and chemicals in electronics posing health and environmental risks. While recycling programs have increased, most e-waste is still disposed of in landfills or illegally exported for processing under unsafe conditions. Laws have been introduced to make producers responsible for recycling and reduce toxic materials, but differences remain on the best approaches and the environmental trade-offs of alternatives.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing problem due to the increasing use and short lifespans of electronic devices. In the US and Europe, millions of tons of e-waste are produced each year, with much of it improperly disposed of or exported to developing countries. E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants that can cause health issues. Many areas lack adequate regulations for processing e-waste safely. Initiatives to increase recycling rates and hold producers responsible for disposal aim to address these issues, but challenges remain regarding the environmental and health impacts of different recycling methods and materials.
This document provides a literature review on the economic and environmental impacts of electronic waste (e-waste). It discusses how e-waste production is increasing globally but most is improperly disposed of, polluting the environment. Developing countries import much of the world's e-waste but lack regulations, leading to unsafe recycling practices. Potential solutions discussed include manufacturers taking responsibility for recycling, taxes to fund recycling programs, banning e-waste exports, and investing in safe recycling technologies in developing countries.
E-waste is a growing problem around the world as more electronics are discarded. There are four main ways to deal with e-waste: landfilling,
incinerating, reusing, and recycling. However, landfilling and incinerating e-waste are not ideal due to toxic materials in electronics that can harm
the environment and human health when disposed of improperly. Better solutions are needed to reduce e-waste, such as increasing reuse and recycling.
A Solution to E-Waste Essay
Speech On Electronic Waste
Essay on E-Waste Recycling
Solutions to E- waste problem Essay
Essay about E-Waste
Electronic Waste
Our E-Waste Problem
e-waste Essay
E Waste Management
E-waste Essay example
Essay about E-waste Management
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) worldwide. It notes that about 50 million tons of e-waste are produced annually, with much of it improperly disposed of. Only 15-20% is recycled, with the rest ending up in landfills or being burned. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, which can leach into the environment and pose serious health risks. Developing countries that import e-waste for processing typically do so through informal recycling with little safety precautions, exposing workers and communities to the toxins. Urgent action is needed through better regulations, enforcement, and design of more sustainable electronics.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) in India, including the problems caused by improper management and recycling of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing and most toxic waste streams. Large amounts of e-waste are generated each year in India, much of which is handled by informal recycling sectors that expose workers and the environment to harmful toxins. The document calls for improved government regulation, industry responsibility, and public awareness to address the challenges of e-waste in India.
e-waste: what is your role and are gadget makers helping?Michelle Crawford
When was the last time you upgraded your phone or gadget? According to Greenpeace International, that was probably within the last two years. With a speedy lifespan of electronic devices, comes enormous electronic waste, a.k.a. e-waste. The amount of e-waste has skyrocketed in the last 30 years, representing 20% of America’s trash in landfills and 70% of toxic waste materials. What can we do about this? More articles? - https://www.gbrionline.org/articles More sustainability courses - https://www.gbrionline.org/learning-hub LEED Green Associate Exam Prep, LEED AP Exam Prep, WELL AP Exam Prpe - https://www.gbrionline.org/leed and https://www.gbrionline.org/well
This presentation is a 3-hour training to provide information on health and safety concerns in building materials, with a particular focus on high performance and net zero energy strategies. We identify some of the major hazards found in the built environment and how to research safer alternatives to maximize energy efficiency and to protect human health.
Presented on October 24, 2014 for Build It Green in Oakland, California by Cate Leger, Principal, Leger Wanaselja Architecture, and Melanie Loftus, Healthy Materials Consultant.
The presentation is about the adances in electronics keeping in mind that it affects the environment minimally.
First we look at how electronic devices have caused a problem to the environment.
Then we look at the technological advances and researches that can help in making environment friendly devices.
Our E-Waste Problem is Ridiculous, and Gadget Makers Aren't Helping clarifies the damaging effects of dumping electronic waste into landfills. 70-80% of old phones end up in landfills when customers upgrade to new phones. While technology has improved, electronics have become harder to disassemble. The recycling process involves determining if devices can be resold; otherwise, they are shredded so materials like steel and copper can be recycled. However, extracting these materials can be difficult.
This document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste). It begins by defining e-waste and noting that e-waste is increasing worldwide at around 8-10% annually. It then explains that planned obsolescence and the short replacement times for consumer electronics contribute significantly to the rising levels of e-waste. The document concludes by discussing methods for estimating future volumes of e-waste based on current sales figures of electronics.
Electronic waste is a rapidly growing problem as obsolete electronics are discarded. India generates around 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to increase substantially. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe practices like open burning and acid baths, releasing toxic materials into the environment. Proper e-waste management and regulations are needed to promote recycling and reduce environmental contamination from this growing waste stream.
The document discusses the issues around e-waste (electronic waste) and provides recommendations for its management. E-waste poses threats to human health and the environment if improperly disposed of, as components can leach hazardous materials like lead into soil and water. The document recommends that governments establish regulations and programs for e-waste, industries adopt reduction and recycling practices, and citizens participate in safe donation or recycling of obsolete electronics.
The document discusses the issue of electronic waste (e-waste) and focuses on the village of Guiyu, China as a case study. Guiyu has become one of the largest e-waste sites in the world due to the import of millions of tons of discarded electronics annually from other countries. Primitive recycling techniques used in Guiyu expose workers and the local environment to toxic heavy metals and chemicals. Proper e-waste management and recycling is needed to address the health and environmental problems caused by the rapid growth of discarded electronics.
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) globally and in the US. It notes that e-waste is not biodegradable and poses environmental and health risks when buried in landfills. The document examines issues like the lack of e-waste recycling availability and the illegal exporting of e-waste to developing countries. It suggests solutions like increasing e-waste recycling programs and improving recycling techniques. The document also discusses surveys conducted on e-waste disposal and attitudes. It emphasizes the need for governments and organizations to address the e-waste problem through definitions, regulations, and cleanup efforts to prevent further environmental damage.
E-Waste: A Hazard to Human Beings and EnvironmentDr Somvir Bajar
Management of the fastest-growing e-waste is a severe problem and has attracted worldwide attention. The electrical and electronic devices have become a part of everyone’s day to day life. Faster upgradation of electrical and electronic product is forcing consumers to add more e-waste to the solid waste stream. The growing problem of e-waste calls for greater emphasis on recycling e-waste. However, recycling of hazardous components in informal sector attracts several health-related problems and pollution to the environment, which call attempts for better e-waste management.
This document discusses e-waste generation and management. It defines e-waste as electronic products nearing the end of their useful lives. E-waste is considered dangerous as components like batteries and monitors can leach toxic substances into the environment if improperly disposed. The document outlines how rapidly changing technology leads to increased e-waste. It then discusses specific toxic substances found in e-waste like lead, cadmium, and mercury, and their health effects. The document also examines e-waste management in India, responsibilities of governments, industries and citizens, and concludes by stressing the need for environmentally safe and economical e-waste recycling.
The document is a seminar report on e-waste by Deshmukh Priyanka. It discusses how e-waste is defined as discarded electronic devices, notes that computers have an average lifespan of less than two years which leads to rapid obsolescence. It then discusses some of the toxic materials commonly found in electronics like lead, cadmium, and mercury, and the health and environmental risks they pose. The report also covers waste management concepts like the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle and resource recovery from waste materials. It concludes that electronic products should be considered chemical waste due to their toxicity and numbers, and calls for designing cleaner computer products.
Development of a polythene recycling machine from locallyAlexander Decker
The document describes the design and development of a machine to recycle polythene and nylon wastes in Nigeria. The machine uses fixed and rotary blades powered by an electric motor to slit loaded waste materials. As the rotary blades rotate at 2880 rpm, the friction generates heat to soften the waste into small flakes averaging 35kg per hour. The machine was designed to address the problem of non-biodegradable plastic waste in Nigeria using locally available materials.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), which is any broken or unwanted electrical/electronic equipment. It is growing rapidly due to factors like technology changes and planned obsolescence. Around 50 million tons of e-waste is produced globally each year, with only 15-20% recycled. E-waste contains toxic substances like lead, mercury, and sulfur, which can harm the environment and human health through water/soil pollution and health issues. Proper e-waste management and more sustainable product design are needed to address this significant global challenge.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and issues surrounding its disposal and recycling. It notes that only about 50% of computers are recycled, with the rest being dumped, and that a single computer can contain up to 2 kilograms of toxic materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Additionally, 80% of e-waste labeled as recycled in the US is actually exported and improperly disposed of overseas. The document examines some current legislation and recycling programs around e-waste, as well as proposed solutions like federal mandates to harmonize e-waste laws across states and adopting international trade restrictions.
The impact of electronics on the environment Quinton Kenney200225599
The document discusses the environmental impacts of electronics at various stages - production, use, and as e-waste. During production, habitat is lost and emissions are released from extracting raw materials and manufacturing. Electronics use energy and have byproducts during use. E-waste is often illegally exported and improperly disposed of, releasing toxic chemicals. Responsibility is discussed - governments should regulate, manufacturers should take responsibility, and consumers should support environmentally conscious companies. Education and personal choices around recycling are emphasized as ways to lessen electronics' impacts.
Integration of Knowledge Electronic WasteMelinda Lugo
The document discusses the issue of electronic waste (e-waste) and its environmental impacts. E-waste contains toxic and non-biodegradable components that harm the environment and human health when disposed of improperly. A study of college students found that most were unaware of e-waste issues prior to an educational intervention. After learning about e-waste, most students said they would be likely to change their disposal habits to more environmentally friendly options like recycling. Continued education efforts are needed to further address e-waste and promote sustainable practices.
Essay on E-Waste Recycling
e-waste Essay
Solutions to E- waste problem Essay
Essay about E-waste Management
E Waste Management
A Solution to E-Waste Essay
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The Problem Of E Waste
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Speech On Electronic Waste
E-waste refers to obsolete, broken, or discarded electrical or electronic devices. The document discusses the sources, composition, impacts, and proper disposal of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Improper disposal of e-waste through landfilling or incineration can pollute the environment and harm human health. Recycling e-waste helps reduce these impacts and recover valuable materials. Individual actions like recycling old electronics can help address the growing problem of e-waste.
This document discusses e-waste management. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic equipment. Rapid upgrades in technology have increased e-waste in landfills. E-waste contains toxic chemicals and must be properly managed. Guidelines have been introduced for e-waste management based on producer responsibility and restricting hazardous substances. Effective e-waste management requires separate collection, treatment, and disposal rather than mixing with general waste.
The document summarizes the Financial Management Operations Manual (FMOM) developed by the Department of Education (DepEd) of the Philippines with support from the World Bank. It provides an overview of the FMOM's purpose and contents. The FMOM aims to standardize financial operations procedures across DepEd implementing units. It covers topics such as budgeting, procurement, accounting, disbursements, school-based financial management, and the provident fund. The FMOM is a living document that is updated regularly to reflect the latest rules and regulations. It is intended to guide officials and staff in DepEd financial management practices.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) in India, including the problems caused by improper management and recycling of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing and most toxic waste streams. Large amounts of e-waste are generated each year in India, much of which is handled by informal recycling sectors that expose workers and the environment to harmful toxins. The document calls for improved government regulation, industry responsibility, and public awareness to address the challenges of e-waste in India.
e-waste: what is your role and are gadget makers helping?Michelle Crawford
When was the last time you upgraded your phone or gadget? According to Greenpeace International, that was probably within the last two years. With a speedy lifespan of electronic devices, comes enormous electronic waste, a.k.a. e-waste. The amount of e-waste has skyrocketed in the last 30 years, representing 20% of America’s trash in landfills and 70% of toxic waste materials. What can we do about this? More articles? - https://www.gbrionline.org/articles More sustainability courses - https://www.gbrionline.org/learning-hub LEED Green Associate Exam Prep, LEED AP Exam Prep, WELL AP Exam Prpe - https://www.gbrionline.org/leed and https://www.gbrionline.org/well
This presentation is a 3-hour training to provide information on health and safety concerns in building materials, with a particular focus on high performance and net zero energy strategies. We identify some of the major hazards found in the built environment and how to research safer alternatives to maximize energy efficiency and to protect human health.
Presented on October 24, 2014 for Build It Green in Oakland, California by Cate Leger, Principal, Leger Wanaselja Architecture, and Melanie Loftus, Healthy Materials Consultant.
The presentation is about the adances in electronics keeping in mind that it affects the environment minimally.
First we look at how electronic devices have caused a problem to the environment.
Then we look at the technological advances and researches that can help in making environment friendly devices.
Our E-Waste Problem is Ridiculous, and Gadget Makers Aren't Helping clarifies the damaging effects of dumping electronic waste into landfills. 70-80% of old phones end up in landfills when customers upgrade to new phones. While technology has improved, electronics have become harder to disassemble. The recycling process involves determining if devices can be resold; otherwise, they are shredded so materials like steel and copper can be recycled. However, extracting these materials can be difficult.
This document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste). It begins by defining e-waste and noting that e-waste is increasing worldwide at around 8-10% annually. It then explains that planned obsolescence and the short replacement times for consumer electronics contribute significantly to the rising levels of e-waste. The document concludes by discussing methods for estimating future volumes of e-waste based on current sales figures of electronics.
Electronic waste is a rapidly growing problem as obsolete electronics are discarded. India generates around 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to increase substantially. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe practices like open burning and acid baths, releasing toxic materials into the environment. Proper e-waste management and regulations are needed to promote recycling and reduce environmental contamination from this growing waste stream.
The document discusses the issues around e-waste (electronic waste) and provides recommendations for its management. E-waste poses threats to human health and the environment if improperly disposed of, as components can leach hazardous materials like lead into soil and water. The document recommends that governments establish regulations and programs for e-waste, industries adopt reduction and recycling practices, and citizens participate in safe donation or recycling of obsolete electronics.
The document discusses the issue of electronic waste (e-waste) and focuses on the village of Guiyu, China as a case study. Guiyu has become one of the largest e-waste sites in the world due to the import of millions of tons of discarded electronics annually from other countries. Primitive recycling techniques used in Guiyu expose workers and the local environment to toxic heavy metals and chemicals. Proper e-waste management and recycling is needed to address the health and environmental problems caused by the rapid growth of discarded electronics.
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) globally and in the US. It notes that e-waste is not biodegradable and poses environmental and health risks when buried in landfills. The document examines issues like the lack of e-waste recycling availability and the illegal exporting of e-waste to developing countries. It suggests solutions like increasing e-waste recycling programs and improving recycling techniques. The document also discusses surveys conducted on e-waste disposal and attitudes. It emphasizes the need for governments and organizations to address the e-waste problem through definitions, regulations, and cleanup efforts to prevent further environmental damage.
E-Waste: A Hazard to Human Beings and EnvironmentDr Somvir Bajar
Management of the fastest-growing e-waste is a severe problem and has attracted worldwide attention. The electrical and electronic devices have become a part of everyone’s day to day life. Faster upgradation of electrical and electronic product is forcing consumers to add more e-waste to the solid waste stream. The growing problem of e-waste calls for greater emphasis on recycling e-waste. However, recycling of hazardous components in informal sector attracts several health-related problems and pollution to the environment, which call attempts for better e-waste management.
This document discusses e-waste generation and management. It defines e-waste as electronic products nearing the end of their useful lives. E-waste is considered dangerous as components like batteries and monitors can leach toxic substances into the environment if improperly disposed. The document outlines how rapidly changing technology leads to increased e-waste. It then discusses specific toxic substances found in e-waste like lead, cadmium, and mercury, and their health effects. The document also examines e-waste management in India, responsibilities of governments, industries and citizens, and concludes by stressing the need for environmentally safe and economical e-waste recycling.
The document is a seminar report on e-waste by Deshmukh Priyanka. It discusses how e-waste is defined as discarded electronic devices, notes that computers have an average lifespan of less than two years which leads to rapid obsolescence. It then discusses some of the toxic materials commonly found in electronics like lead, cadmium, and mercury, and the health and environmental risks they pose. The report also covers waste management concepts like the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle and resource recovery from waste materials. It concludes that electronic products should be considered chemical waste due to their toxicity and numbers, and calls for designing cleaner computer products.
Development of a polythene recycling machine from locallyAlexander Decker
The document describes the design and development of a machine to recycle polythene and nylon wastes in Nigeria. The machine uses fixed and rotary blades powered by an electric motor to slit loaded waste materials. As the rotary blades rotate at 2880 rpm, the friction generates heat to soften the waste into small flakes averaging 35kg per hour. The machine was designed to address the problem of non-biodegradable plastic waste in Nigeria using locally available materials.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), which is any broken or unwanted electrical/electronic equipment. It is growing rapidly due to factors like technology changes and planned obsolescence. Around 50 million tons of e-waste is produced globally each year, with only 15-20% recycled. E-waste contains toxic substances like lead, mercury, and sulfur, which can harm the environment and human health through water/soil pollution and health issues. Proper e-waste management and more sustainable product design are needed to address this significant global challenge.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and issues surrounding its disposal and recycling. It notes that only about 50% of computers are recycled, with the rest being dumped, and that a single computer can contain up to 2 kilograms of toxic materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Additionally, 80% of e-waste labeled as recycled in the US is actually exported and improperly disposed of overseas. The document examines some current legislation and recycling programs around e-waste, as well as proposed solutions like federal mandates to harmonize e-waste laws across states and adopting international trade restrictions.
The impact of electronics on the environment Quinton Kenney200225599
The document discusses the environmental impacts of electronics at various stages - production, use, and as e-waste. During production, habitat is lost and emissions are released from extracting raw materials and manufacturing. Electronics use energy and have byproducts during use. E-waste is often illegally exported and improperly disposed of, releasing toxic chemicals. Responsibility is discussed - governments should regulate, manufacturers should take responsibility, and consumers should support environmentally conscious companies. Education and personal choices around recycling are emphasized as ways to lessen electronics' impacts.
Integration of Knowledge Electronic WasteMelinda Lugo
The document discusses the issue of electronic waste (e-waste) and its environmental impacts. E-waste contains toxic and non-biodegradable components that harm the environment and human health when disposed of improperly. A study of college students found that most were unaware of e-waste issues prior to an educational intervention. After learning about e-waste, most students said they would be likely to change their disposal habits to more environmentally friendly options like recycling. Continued education efforts are needed to further address e-waste and promote sustainable practices.
Essay on E-Waste Recycling
e-waste Essay
Solutions to E- waste problem Essay
Essay about E-waste Management
E Waste Management
A Solution to E-Waste Essay
E-waste Essay example
The Problem Of E Waste
Essay about E-Waste
Speech On Electronic Waste
E-waste refers to obsolete, broken, or discarded electrical or electronic devices. The document discusses the sources, composition, impacts, and proper disposal of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Improper disposal of e-waste through landfilling or incineration can pollute the environment and harm human health. Recycling e-waste helps reduce these impacts and recover valuable materials. Individual actions like recycling old electronics can help address the growing problem of e-waste.
This document discusses e-waste management. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic equipment. Rapid upgrades in technology have increased e-waste in landfills. E-waste contains toxic chemicals and must be properly managed. Guidelines have been introduced for e-waste management based on producer responsibility and restricting hazardous substances. Effective e-waste management requires separate collection, treatment, and disposal rather than mixing with general waste.
The document summarizes the Financial Management Operations Manual (FMOM) developed by the Department of Education (DepEd) of the Philippines with support from the World Bank. It provides an overview of the FMOM's purpose and contents. The FMOM aims to standardize financial operations procedures across DepEd implementing units. It covers topics such as budgeting, procurement, accounting, disbursements, school-based financial management, and the provident fund. The FMOM is a living document that is updated regularly to reflect the latest rules and regulations. It is intended to guide officials and staff in DepEd financial management practices.
This document outlines the steps of the risk management process. It begins by defining risk management as consisting of steps that enable continual improvement in decision making. It then details the 7 steps as: 1) Communicate and consult, 2) Establish context, 3) Identify risks, 4) Analyze risks, 5) Evaluate risks, 6) Treat risks, 7) Monitor and review. Each step is then explained in detail with tips provided. The focus is on establishing the proper context, identifying both past and potential future risks, analyzing the risks through qualitative or other methods, and continually monitoring and improving the process.
Here is a sample job description for the role of Recruiter:
Job Title: Recruiter
Department: Human Resources
Job Summary: The Recruiter is responsible for attracting and sourcing qualified candidates to fill open positions within the organization.
Essential Duties and Responsibilities:
- Develop and implement strategic recruiting plans to source qualified candidates that meet the needs of the business.
- Source candidates through various channels such as job boards, career sites, employee referrals, networking events, etc.
- Screen candidates based on qualifications and cultural fit for open roles.
- Conduct initial interviews and assess candidates' skills, experience and qualifications.
- Coordinate scheduling and log
Material Requirements Planning (MRP).pptxIrelynJasmin
An MRP system is a planning tool that analyzes current inventory levels and production capacity to determine what goods need to be manufactured based on forecasts. It schedules production according to bills of materials to minimize inventory while meeting requirements within a fixed period. MRP works by exploding bills of materials to determine component requirements, netting requirements against stock levels, and offsetting to schedule production based on estimated lead times so items are available when needed. The system requires accurate input of master schedules, bills of materials, and inventory records to generate order releases and exception reports.
Jasmin-Fundamental of total quality management.pptxIrelynJasmin
This document discusses the importance of measuring quality to achieve total quality management (TQM). It makes three key points:
1. Firms must set up continuous measurement systems to understand customer experiences and identify areas for improvement. Quality starts with measuring customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, and process control points.
2. While intuition is useful, today's complex markets require supplementing it with data-driven management by facts. Measurements are both a challenge and motivation to achieve quality.
3. Quality costs, both visible and invisible, can be 10-40% of turnover. A new classification divides costs into internal/external and visible/invisible, though total invisible costs are unknown. Comparing processes to the most profitable
THE PDCA LEADERSHIP MODEL—A MODEL FOR.pptxIrelynJasmin
The PDCA leadership model is a cycle for continuous quality improvement and policy deployment. It consists of four phases: Plan, Do, Check, Act. The Check phase involves understanding the current situation. The Plan phase sets quality goals, policies, and detailed improvement plans. The Do phase implements these plans. The Act phase motivates suggestions for further improvements through management participation in the Check phase. The model incorporates elements of design review and quality audits to check products, services, and process quality at different stages.
COMMNUICATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL SETTING.pptxIrelynJasmin
This document discusses communication in organizational settings. It defines communication as the exchange of information between individuals through symbols, signs or behaviors. Effective communication is vital for organizations as it allows for coordination, information sharing, and bonding teams. Barriers to communication include filtering of information, selective perception, defensiveness, information overload, and differences in language. Gender differences can also lead to misunderstandings if men tend to focus more on competition and orders while women focus more on cooperation and requests. The document emphasizes the importance of effective listening and using different communication channels in organizations.
This document provides an overview of phenomenological research methods. It describes phenomenology as studying the meaning of lived experiences of concepts or phenomena from the perspectives of several individuals. It outlines four philosophical perspectives in phenomenology and two main types: hermeneutical, which interprets life texts, and transcendental, which uses bracketing. The key procedures are determining the research problem, identifying a phenomenon, recognizing philosophical assumptions, collecting data through interviews, analyzing significant statements and themes to describe the essence of experiences. Challenges include requiring strong philosophical understanding and bracketing personal experiences. Two examples of phenomenological studies are provided on preschool education during COVID-19 and homeless peoples' healthcare experiences.
1. The document analyzes food and beverage sales data from football games at Southwestern University to calculate break-even points.
2. A mathematical model is developed including variables like fixed costs, contribution margins, revenue percentages and sales volumes.
3. The break-even point in total sales is calculated to be $43,433.34 based on the allocated fixed costs and sales volumes needed for each food item.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
1. Ethics, the Environment and Computer
Engineering
• This lecture is quite different than any I’ve ever
given
– It covers largely non-technical material
– It involves a lot my opinions on non-technical subjects.
• That’s something not overly comfortable with
• Please don’t think you need to agree with me
• Topics are:
– The Environment and the impact Computer Engineering
has on it.
• I use, nearly verbatim and with permission, a presentation given
by a senior in one of my classes.
– Ethics in a number of contexts
• Workplace ethics
• Intellectual property laws
2. Warning
• I’m (again) discussing three topics that each
could (and is) their own class (or major, or
profession)
– This time I’m not overly qualified in the area…
– And I’ve got 30 minutes!
4. What is electronic waste?
Why is it a problem?
What is being done about e-waste?
Lead vs. Lead free
5. American definition
◦ Anything with a PCB or slightly complicated
electronic components
European
◦ Anything with a plug
6. More than 4.6 million tons of electronic waste
(e-waste) was produced in the US in the year
2000 [Bhuie]
◦ EPA has it that we disposed of 2.4 million tons in
2012.
In Europe, quantity of e-waste increases 3 to
5% a year [Bhuie]
◦ 3 times larger growth than other waste growth
7. Electronics are becoming more and more a
part of everyday life
Embedded systems are every place
◦ Microwaves, printers, key fobs, cars, appliances,
cell phones
8. Electronics becoming disposable
Cell phones
◦ Life span is about 1.5 years now
◦ 130 million are retired a year
◦ Over 500 million are stockpiled [Bhuie]
Computers
◦ 20 million retired a year
◦ 240 million already stockpiled [Bhuie]
Estimated that for every new cell phone or
computer one becomes obsolete [Bhuie]
9. Hazardous materials found in electronics
◦ Examples: Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Nickel,
Zinc, Antimony, Lead
◦ Can cause damage to brain, lungs, and other
organs
◦ Lead especially toxic to developing children
[Jackson]
10. Hazardous materials not only found in
electronic components
Toxins are found in the plastics
◦ Brominated flame-retardants (BFR) added to
plastics to reduce chance of fire
◦ Damage to sexual development and growth
attributed to some BFRs [Jackson]
11. Recycling programs
Many programs try to refurbish and sell old
equipment
Programs in place to mine precious metals
from old equipment
12. Computer companies have started recycling
programs
◦ Some charge fee
◦ Some give customers rebates on new products
Cell Phone recycling
◦ Largest programs are Verizon’s Hopeline and
Wireless Foundation’s Donate-a-Phone programs
13. Cell phone rates of recycling appear to be at
8% in the US in 2009. [EPA]
◦ One study had it at 70% in the world in 2004.
PCs are 38% by EPA
◦ 10% worldwide by the same study in 2004.
14. Cost (US $) Cell Phone PC
Collection 6.00 23.50
Transportation 0.35 0.43
Sorting - 3.50
Dismantling 0.03 2.75
Refining 0.32 7.87
Disposal of
non-hazardous
0.01 0.83
Disposal of
hazardous
0.03 5.00
Bhuie, A. K., O. A. Ogunseitan, et al. (2004).
15. High cost of labor for recycling
Outsource to China
◦ Cheap labor
◦ Laws are less strict
City of Guiyu: e-waste hub of world
◦ Drinking water has to be brought in [Johnston]
◦ Horrible working conditions [Grossman]
◦ Studies show problems in workers from recycling
[Grossman]
19. There is a lot of money to be had processing
electronic waste
Chinese government trying to come up with
system
Laws have been passed
Electronics companies taking some
responsibility in making sure waste handled
properly [Johnston]
20. Poor conditions not only overseas
Federal Prison Industries (UNICOR) run
electronic waste processing in prisons
[Jackson]
◦ The Department of Justice’s Inspector General in
2010 found:
Numerous violations of health, safety, and
environmental laws and regulations
“Gross misconduct” by staff working for the Federal
Prison Industries, also known as UNICOR. [ETB]
21. Some take old equipment and pass on to schools
and nonprofits
Others mine for metals
◦ 30 to 50% circuit is made of metal [Grossman]
950 e-waste processors in North America
◦ 400 to 500 in the United States [Grossman]
700 million dollar industry in 2003 [Grossman]
Estimated that by 2010 the industry will have $3.5
billion dollars in revenue [Grossman]
22. Two directives have been passed
◦ Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
◦ Restrictions of the Use of Certain Hazardous
Substances (RoHS)
Move responsibility of end of life impact to
producer (“producer responsibility”) [Tetra
Tech]
23. Producers responsible for collection, treatment,
and disposal of e-waste [Tetra Tech]
Logos must be placed on products alerting
customers not to throw away in normal trash
[Tetra Tech]
Provide list of materials in products to recyclers
[Tetra Tech]
24. The name is fitting
Restricts:
◦ Lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, cadmium,
and some brominated flame retardants [Tetra Tech]
◦ If there is no alternative you can use the above
Every 4 years review to see if you can stop using
restricted substance [Grossman]
25. Has a large impact on electronics [Mueller]
Lead is used in practically everything
Getting rid of lead clearly makes end of life
better [Mueller]
Yet some environmentalists are opposed to
lead ban
26. SnAgCu is common replacement to SnPb
US EPA finds that SnAgCu has greater
environmental impact on:
◦ Non-renewable resources
◦ Energy use
◦ Water Quality
◦ Ozone depletion
◦ Global Warming
Per 1000 cc of solder, lead free uses an
energy equivalent of 162 gallons more of
gasoline [United States EPA]
27. Increased environmental impact comes
from material and process related issues
[United States EPA; Mueller]
Metals used are more costly to extract
[Mueller]
Melting point is higher which results in
more energy use [Mueller]
Tin based solders form whiskers [Mueller]
28. Improvements cannot be made to impact of
lead at end of life
Processes used to produce and use lead free
solder could be improved
Forcing lead free could force companies to
come up with recycling friendly designs to
reduce cost
29. Electronics are becoming more and more of
part of everyday life
New legislature is forcing electronic industry
to pay attention to environmental impact
It is unsure if such laws are beneficial
30. Tetra Tech. (2005). "Factsheet: WEEE and RoHS Directives." Retrieved 10/21, 2006, from
http://www.mdsmap.com/en/pdf/weee%20rohs%20directive%20factsheet.pdf.
Bhuie, A. K., O. A. Ogunseitan, et al. (2004). Environmental and economic trade-offs in
consumer electronic products recycling: a case study of cell phones and computers. Electronics
and the Environment, 2004. Conference Record. 2004 IEEE International Symposium on, 10-13
May 2004, Page(s): 74 – 79
Grossman, E. (2006). High tech trash: digital devices, hidden toxics, and human health.
Washington, Island Press/Shearwater Books.
Jackson, A. S., A. Shuman, et al. (2006). "Toxic Sweatshops: How UNICOR Prison Recycling
Harms Workers, Communities, the Environment, and the Recycling Industry." Retrieved 10/22,
2006, from http://www.computertakeback.com/docUploads/ToxicSweatshops.pdf.
Johnston, B. R. (2003). "The Political Ecology of Water: An Introduction " Capitalism, nature,
socialism 14(3): 73 - 90.
Mueller, J., H. Griese, et al. (2005). Transition to lead free soldering - a great change for a
better understanding of materials and processes and green electronics.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. (2005). "Solders in electronics a life-cycle
assessment." Retrieved 10/20, 2006, from
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/dfe/pubs/solder/lca/lfs-lca-final.pdf.
http://www.electronicstakeback.com/global-e-waste-dumping/prison-
recycling/investigation-finds-workers-exposed-to-heavy-metals/
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/materials/ecycling/manage.htm
31. Now onto Ethics
What are “ethics”?
◦ “book” definition of ethics
a system of principles governing morality and
acceptable conduct
a major branch of philosophy, encompasses
right conduct and good living. It is significantly
broader than the common conception of
analyzing right and wrong
the study of values - good and bad, right and
wrong
32. But….
That sounds pretty removed from day-
to-day activities
◦ What I’m looking for is:
1. How do I figure out the
“right” thing to do?
2. How do I decide if it’s
important to do it?
33. What’s “right” (this is hard!)
Some working definitions
◦ Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham
◦ Some form of the Golden Rule
“If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you
want to be happy, practice compassion” – Dalai Lama
…do to others what you would have them do to you… --
Bible
Lots more...
◦ An it harm none, do what ye will
Wiccan Rede
◦ If it feels right, it probably is
“…the well known elephant test. It is difficult to describe, but
you know it when you see it.” -- Lord Justice Stuart-Smith
“When the Gentiles who have not the law do by nature what
the law requires, they are a law to themselves even though
they have not the law. They show that what the law requires
is written on their hearts.” -- Bible
34. So?
I personally think that what’s right is
written into us
◦ Maybe by culture, maybe by genes, maybe
by a creator
I go with the “To Catch a Mockingbird”
philosophy.
◦ Put yourself in the shoes of all the people
involved and you can figure out what is right.
Please notice, this is still (oddly) different than what
to actually do.
Even more oddly, each of us may reach a different
conclusion.
This would seem to be a killer to my philosophy, but…
35. Example from my professional life
Catch a student cheating on a project
◦ Options:
Send them to the honor council
Honor Council if they want, otherwise zero on the
project
Ignore it
And the closely associated, “don’t look for it” strategy.
◦ Who are the players who’s views I need to
consider?
What do they think and how does this impact them?
◦ So what’s right?
36. Potential example from your
personal life
You really want an internship from
Google.
◦ But Google is being annoying and not getting
back to you. (You suspect they aren’t
interested)
◦ Microsoft has offered you an internship, but
you need to respond to them before Google
is going to get back to you.
So you take the Microsoft job
And of course, three days later, Google offers you
an internship.
◦ What’s right?
37. …and what to do.
This is quite a bit harder.
◦ I think knowing the right thing is usually
fairly easy.
Its weighing it against other commitments (to
yourself and others) that’s hard.
◦ If your death could save two random
people elsewhere in the world
It’s pretty clear that dying would be the right
thing
But it’s a lot less clear that’s what you (or I)
would actually do, or should do.
38. So…I don’t have any great
insights.
Best I’ve got is an engineer’s solution
◦ Look at it from all possible viewpoints
Being sure to think hard about who all the
players are.
◦ Don’t be cavalier about these issues
In my experience unethical behavior often
comes from not taking the time to think things
through
◦ “Do no harm” is a good minimum for an
engineer.
Anything that causes harm not only has ethical
issues, there are almost always legal issues.
39. Next lecture:
Mostly on CS/CE/EE stuff.
◦ What the programs are, how they relate to
what we’ve done in 100 etc.
◦ Some examples of cool EECS topics
Error correction, signal processing, etc.
Also a short bit on intellectual
property.
◦ Reading assignment:
“Right to Read”
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-
read.html
41. One of the most important legal (and
perhaps ethical issues) of the day is
something greatly important to Computer
Scientists
How to treat “intellectual property”
42. Creations of the mind - creative works or ideas
embodied in a form that can be shared or can
enable others to recreate, emulate, or
manufacture them.There are four ways to
protect intellectual property - patents,
trademarks, copyrights or trade secrets
http://www.uspto.gov/main/glossary/index.html
43. How much control the creator of the IP
should have over it’s use
Both extremes (None and Complete) are seriously
argued by serious people.
44. Natural Law
The creator should have control of their creation
Economics
With control comes the ability to make money.
Thus people are more likely to make things people
want
▪ Benefit to society as a whole
▪ See “Invisible Hand”,Adam Smith
The more control, the more money, the more
created, the more the benefit to society.
45. Natural Law
IP can’t be “owned” in the same sense as a sandwich.
▪ If others make a copy of your information, you still have it.
▪ If the IP is, say, a cure for cancer, shouldn’t it be freely
available to all with cancer?
▪ Why protect something that’s worth less than that?
Economics
Society benefits by the free flow of information.
▪ Seeing what others have done, and freely being able to use it,
enriches new creations.
▪ If someone hides information (trade secret, copyright) then
we get a duplication of effort.
46. Person (or company) who is creating these
“creations of the of the mind”
Others
Those who might benefit from these creations
Those who might suffer from IP restrictions
“Society”
This is distinct from “others” in both arguments,
so should be kept separate.
47. The first codification of intellectual property can be traced to
the Jewish laws in theTalmud (200 CE), which declared a
prohibition against "Gnevat daat" - literally the theft of
ideas.
http://www.nysun.com/article/22289?page_no=3
Use of the term IP appears to start around 1845.
But the notion has been around for a while
“To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for
limitedTimes toAuthors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their
respectiveWritings and Discoveries.”
▪ Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution,
Patents in the modern sense originated in Italy in 1474.[12] At that
time the Republic ofVenice issued a decree by which new and
inventive devices, once they had been put into practice, had to be
communicated to the Republic in order to obtain the right to prevent
others from using them.
▪ Wikipedia
48. For patent law, there are a number of
balances/limits on control
Limited times (14-20 years)
Must disclose idea to patent it
▪ And patent is published
For copyright
A term consisting of the life of the author and 70 years
after the author's death.
▪ Recently increased in a retroactive way
No disclosure required
Fair use
49. In the story, what are the issues of IP that
arise?
Is this believable?