Attitudes are positive or negative evaluations that have three components: cognitive (beliefs and ideas), affective (emotions and feelings), and behavioral (predispositions to act). Attitude change can be influenced by credible sources of persuasion and factors like conditioning, observational learning, cognitive dissonance, and counter-attitudinal behavior. Conformity and group behavior are influenced by group size, unanimity, dissenters, social pressure, closeness to authority, and the bystander effect where people are less likely to help in groups due to diffusion of responsibility. While groups can suffer from social loafing and loss of coordination, groups are often better than individuals at solving complex problems.

1. Entry 1
Attitudes. Attitudes are positive or negative evaluation of objects of thoughts. Objects
thoughts may include a lot such as, social issues, groups, institutions, consumers product ,
people and so on.
Its divided into 3 components which is cognitive component, affective component
and behavioral component. Cognitive component, it is a beliefs and also an idea. They do
something that they believe or just an idea suddenly. Affective component, it is an emotional
and also feelings. They like to do anything based on their emotion or feelings. Behavioral
component, it is a predispositions to act. Such as some people say that he never hire women
as worker.
Research has indicated that there are many factors at play in attitude change. A
source of persuasion who is credible, expert, trustworthy, likable, and physically attractive
tends to be relatively effective in stimulating attitude change.
Theories of attitudes change. Evaluative conditioning which is affective component.
Operant conditioning which is reward or punishment. Besides, observational learning which
is monkey see, monkey do. Operant conditioning is a form of learning which responses come
to be controlled by their consequences. Other than that, observational learning is when an
organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of other, who are call models.
Theories of attitudes change, cognitive dissonance. Counter-attitudinal behavior. It is states
of tension ,reduce dissonance, believing own lies. Effort justification is justify efforts that
haven’t worked out.
High dissonance about counter-attitudinal behavior will cause attitudes change.
Throughout an experiment, dissonance about counter-attitudinal does cause attitudes change.

2. Entry 2
Conformity and group behaviour. Conformity is a group size to a point, group unanimity and
presence of dissenter. Social pressure is one of the issue. Besides, subsequent studies prove
that group size influences conformity, with larger groups increasing conformity. Follow up
studies also prove that group unanimity significantly influences conformity; if just one person
doesn’t go along with the dissenter, subjects are significantly less likely to conform.
The emotional distance of the victim, closeness and legitimacy of the authority. For
example, verbal prods, physical presence, must be perceived as legitimate and hospital nurse
such as phone call. Behavior in group, the influences by other people.
The bystander effect. The effect when people are less likely to help when they are in
groups than alone, diffusion of responsibility, ambiguous situations . group productivity and
group size, loss of efficiency and lack of coordination. Social loafing- reduction or effort.
Ease up when can blend with crowd because of agreeableness, consciousness and high
motivation.
Benefits of a group. For example, team doctors better than 1 , team of students
outperform individuals in academic tasks, chef in team better than 1 just because of groups
are better in solving complicated logic problems.